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FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

RL, RC, and RLC circuits

Made by:

David Alejandro Giraldo Ramirez

David.giraldo313@[Link]

Professor:

Jorge Julián Cañas Sánchez

Medellín, Colombia

2022
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INTRODUCTION
In this document you will find the description of what an alternating current electric circuit is.
basic instructions on how to operate it in its two modes (series and parallel).
Also the components that make this up, with their characteristics.
Just as the denominations of their values and how to work with them and illustrations to make it clearer.
easy to understand and how to put them into practice.
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What is an alternating current circuit?

Alternating current (AC) is a type of electric current that changes to

over time. The variation can be in current intensity or

in the direction of regular intervals.

effective voltage

maximum.

RMS Voltage: The RMS voltage, or the square root of the mean square (also called the

effective voltage), is a method of denoting a sine wave form of voltage

(AC waveform) as an equivalent voltage that represents the value of

DC voltage that will produce the same heating or dissipation effect of

power in the circuit, as this AC voltage.

In other words, the waveform is an AC waveform, but the RMS value

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it allows this waveform to be specified as DC, because it is the DC voltage

equivalent that delivers the same amount of energy to a load in a circuit

how the AC signal behaves over its cycle.

Sine wave form where the rms value / effective value can be observed.

Effective voltage: It is equal to the rms voltage.

Peak voltage: it is a voltage waveform measured from the axis

horizontal (at the zero height reference mark) to the top of the

waveform, called the crest of the waveform.

Below, in Figure 2, what is understood by the horizontal axis can be seen.

and the crest of the waveform.

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effective current, rms current, peak current and

maximum current.

RMS current: The current value that produces the same heat dissipation as

a direct current of the same magnitude. In other words: The RMS value is

the value of AC current that produces the same heat dissipation effect

that its equivalent of direct current.

Effective current: it is equal to the rms current value.

Peak current: it is a waveform of current that is measured from the axis

horizontal (at the reference mark of 0 heights) to the top of the

waveform, called the crest of the waveform.

Maximum current: It is equal to the peak current.

nominal values in voltage and current.

Nominal voltage: The nominal voltage is the specific potential difference for the

that an electrical team or installation is designed.

Nominal current: It is the specific current value for which a design is made.

equipment or an electrical installation.

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how to obtain the inductive reactance from the

value of inductance.

Inductive reactance: Xl = (2π)(f)(L); where 'L' is the inductance in henries.

"f" is the frequency (Hertz) -2π is a constant- "XL" is the

inductive reactance in Ohms.

With the previous formula, the inductive reactance can be found from the value

of the inductance.

how to obtain the capacitive reactance from the

value of capacitance.

Capacitive reactance: it is Xc = 1/(2π)(f)(C); where "C" is the capacitance in

farad - 'f' is the frequency (Hertz) -2π is a constant- 'Xc' is the

reactance

capacitive in Ohms.

With the previous formula, the inductive reactance can be found from the value

of the inductance.
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How to obtain the impedance of an RL, RC circuit

and RLC SERIES.

The Impedance of the Series RL Circuit

The resistance and inductive reactance determine the impedance of an RL circuit.

arranged in series. The inductive reactance is expressed as a phasor quantity in

rectangular form as follows: XL = jXL

In the series RL circuit of the following figure, the total impedance is the sum

The phasor of R and jXL is expressed as Z = R + jXL

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The Impedance of the Series RC Circuit

Both resistance and capacitive reactance determine the impedance of a

RC circuit arranged in series.

Capacitive reactance is a phasorial quantity and is expressed as a number.

rectangular shaped complex.

In the series RC circuit shown in the following figure, the total impedance is

The phasorial sum of R and -jXC is expressed as Z = R - jXC

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The Impedance of the Series RLC Circuit

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How to obtain the impedance of an RL, RC circuit

and PARALLEL RLC.

impedance of a parallel RL circuit

The expression for the total impedance of a parallel RL circuit of two

Components are developed as follows, applying the product rule on the

sum.

Equivalently, this equation is expressed as

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impedance of a PARALLEL RC circuit

As there are only two components, R and C, the total impedance is found with

the product rule over the sum.

The following figure shows a basic parallel RC circuit, which is located

connected to an AC voltage source.

Basic parallel RC circuit.

The expression for the total impedance is developed as follows, through

complex numbers.

When multiplying the magnitudes, sum the angles present in the numerator, and

convert the denominator to polar form, it is obtained.

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impedance of a PARALLEL RLC circuit

The impedance

Total is calculated using the method of the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocals.

exactly how to do it for circuits with resistors in parallel.

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What are PHASORS and how are they represented?

graphically.

Phasors are complex quantities used to partially represent quantities.

real values that vary sinusoidally in time and perhaps in space. All phasors are

independent of time. They partially represent the real amount, and not completely,

because they do not have information about the frequency.

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how to manage impedances in rectangular form and

in polar form.

Rectangular and polar forms

The rectangular and polar forms are two forms of complex numbers that

they are used to represent phasor quantities. Each one has certain advantages

when used in circuit analysis, according to the specific application. A

Phasor quantity contains both magnitude and angular position or phase. In this

text, italic letters such as V and I are used to represent only

magnitude, and with straight bold letters, such as V and I, quantities are represented

complete fasoriales.
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Rectangular shape:

A phasor quantity is represented in rectangular form by the sum

algebraic of the real value (A) of the coordinate y of the value j (B) of the coordinate

expressed in the following general form: A + jB

Examples of phasor quantities are 1 + j2, 5 - j3, -4 + j4, and -2 - j6, which

they appear in the complex plane shown in the following figure as can be seen,

The rectangular coordinates describe the phasor in terms of its values.

projected onto the real axis and the j axis. An "arrow" drawn from the origin to

the coordinate point in the complex plane graphically represents the quantity

fascial

Polar form: Phasor quantities can also be expressed in form

polar, which is composed of the phasor magnitude (C) and the angular position with

regarding the positive real axis (u), expressed in the following general form:

C∠±Θ
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Some examples are 2∠ 45°, 5∠ 120°, 4∠ 110°, and 8∠ _30°. The first number

it is the magnitude and the symbol∠ precede the value of the angle. Figure 15-10 shows

these phasors in the complex plane. The length of the phasor, of course, represents

the magnitude of the quantity. It must be taken into account that for each phasor expressed

In polar form, there is also an equivalent expression in rectangular form.

Conversion from rectangular form to polar form A phasor can exist in

any of the four quadrants of the complex plane, as indicated by the following

Figure. The phase angle u is measured in each case with respect to the positive real axis.

(0°), and f (fi) is the angle located in the 2nd and 3rd quadrants with respect to the real axis

negative, as shown.
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The first step to convert from rectangular form to polar form is to determine the

Magnitude of the phasor. A phasor can be visualized as part of a triangle.

rectangle in the complex plane, as indicated by illustration 20, for each location in the

quadrants. The horizontal side of the triangle is the real value A, and the vertical side is the value j, B.

The hypotenuse of the triangle

it is the length of the phasor C, which represents the magnitude and can be expressed with the

Pythagorean theorem, how

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Sources

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