1)

During volcanic eruptions, thick chunks can be projected by the volcano.

of rock; those projectiles are called volcanic blocks. The figure shows a section
transversal of Mount Fuji, Japan.
a) At what initial speed would it need to be thrown from mouth A of the volcano one of these
blocks, forming 35 degrees with the horizontal, with the aim of falling onto floor B of
volcano?
b) What is the travel time in space?

R1

3)
A projectile is fired
FROM THE EDGE OF A
Problem 2
CLIFF, THAT IS AT
115M ABOVE THE LEVEL OF
GROUND, WITH A SWIFTNESS
INITIAL OF 65 M/S TO A
ANGLE OF 35 OVER THE
A) DETERMINE
THE TIME IT TAKES TO
PROJECTILE REACH TO
POINT P AT GROUND LEVEL. B) determine the horizontal distance x
from point P to the base of the cliff. AT THE MOMENT
JUST BEFORE THE PROJECTILE REACHES POINT P,
FIND C) THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT AND THE
VERTICAL OF ITS SPEED, D) THE MAGNITUDE OF THE
SPEED, AND E) THE ANGLE FORMED BY THE VECTOR
SPEED WITH THE HORIZONTAL F) DETERMINE THE HEIGHT
MAXIMUM ABOVE THE TOP OF THE CLIFF,
WHAT THE PROJECTILE REACHES
2
A) 9.96 s
B) 530.3 m
37.3 m/s
D) 80.5 m/s
E) -48.5°
F) 185.9 m

To calculate the time it takes to fall to the ground, you need to take the
components of velocity, horizontal and vertical.

Horizontal speed = 65 m/s × cos(35) = 53.24 m/s

Vertical velocity = 65×sin(35) = 37.28 m/s

Then the position equation of the movement must be set to zero.

vertical axis acceleration to know the time it takes to fall.

x = -4.9t² + 37.28t + 115 (Position equation)

-4.9t² + 37.28t + 115 = 0 (setting to zero)
t = 9.96 s (solving with the general formula)

The distance of the fall to the base of the cliff is the product of time.
of falling due to horizontal speed;

53.24×9.96 = 530.3 m

The components of velocity when falling are the same horizontal velocity.
which remains constant, and the initial vertical velocity plus the acceleration
of gravity by the time it takes to fall;

Vertical speed = 37.28 - 9.8 × 9.96 = -60.3 m/s

Horizontal velocity = 53.24 m/s

The magnitude of the velocity when falling is the square root of the sum of the square of
the horizontal and vertical speeds;

The angle of this velocity with the horizontal axis is equal to the arctangent of
the quotient of vertical speed with the horizontal;

The maximum height is found by taking the root of the position equation.
x = -37.28/-9.8;
 x(-37.28/-9.8) = 185.9 m

4)

The time that the jumper is in free fall and the distance with respect to the cliff are: t =
12.45s
To calculate the time the jumper falls freely and the distance with respect to
risk is calculated as shown below.
h1 = 910m
150m
V0x = 5m/s
t=?
x=?
Applying the equations of horizontal launch we have:
h = h1 - h2 = 910m - 150m = 760m
h = g*t²/2 let's clear t
t = √2*h / g
t = √(2 * 760m / 9.8m/s²)
12.45s
finding the range that would be how far it is from the cliff.
X = VX * t
X = 5m/s * 12.45s
X = 62.25m

5)
A student throws a set of keys vertically upwards at
his sorority sister, who is at a window 4.00m from
up. The keys are caught 1.50 seconds later with the outstretched hand.
What was the initial speed at which the keys were launched?
speed of the keys just before being caught?
To solve this problem we are going to use the equations of the
vertical movement, to be more precise, vertical launch
upwards.

The data we have:

Vo (initial velocity) = ?
1.5 seconds
final height = 4 meters
?

a) Initial speed of the keys

To obtain this value if we know that

From this equation we know the final height, the initial height that is
considering null, time and the acceleration of gravity, then
to find the initial velocity what we have to do is
clear.

The initial launch speed is 10.02 m/s

b) Speed at the time of capturing the keys

To obtain this value, we will use the following equation.

We will use the initial speed that we just calculated.

6)
A projectile is fired with an initial speed of 46.6
[m/s] at an angle of 42.2° above the horizontal, over a terrain of
long and flat tests. Determine
a) the maximum height reached by the projectile,
b) the total flight time of the projectile,
c) the total horizontal distance it travels (that is, its range) and
d) the velocity of the projectile (magnitude and direction) 1.50 [s] after the shot.

The maximum height reached by the projectile is hmax = 49.98 m

The total flight time of the projectile is tv = 6.38 seconds

The total horizontal distance covered is R = 220.23 m.

The projectile speed is: 38.30 m/s

The maximum altitude reached, the flight time, the horizontal distance, and the speed
calculated using the application of the formulas of inclined motion of the following
way

Vo = 46.6 m/s

42.2

c) R=?

d) V = ?

t = 1.50 sec

Components of the initial velocity Vo:

Vox = Vo*cos α = 46.6 m/s * cos 42.2º = 34.52 m/s

Voy = Vo*senα = 46.6 m/s *sen 42.2º = 31.30 m/s

The maximum altitude reached is:

hmax = Voy²/2g

hmax = (31.30 m/s)² / (2 * 9.8 m/s²)

49.98 m

The flight time is:

 tv = 2 * tmax = 2 * Voy / g = 2 * 31.30 m/s / 9.8 m/s²

6.38 sec

c) Scope R:

R = Vox * tv

R = 34.52 m/s * 6.38 s

R = 220.23 m.

d) V = √(Vx² + Vy²)

Vox = 34.52 m/s

Vy = Voy - g*t

Vy = 31.30m/s - 9.8m/s² * 1.50 s

16.6 m/s

The magnitude of the speed Ves:

V = √(34.52 m/s)² + (16.6 m/s)² = 38.30 m/s

The directions: tan(α) = Vy/Vx

tan α = 16.6m/s / 34.52 m/s

25.68º

7)

A train brakes while entering a closed horizontal curve, and brakes from
90.0 km/h to 50.0 km/h in the 15.0 seconds it takes to cover the curve. The radius of the
The curve is 150m. Calculate the acceleration at the moment when the train's speed
It reaches 50.0 km/h. Let's assume it continues to brake at this time with the same
relationship.
The acceleration vector in circular motion consists of:

atotal = √ [ ( at )^2 + ( ac )^2 ]

To perform the calculations, we must convert the units of the numerical data to that of
International System (SI), so that the operations are consistent
mathematics.

km/h⇒ m / s
(90 km/h) * (1000 m/1 km) * (1 h/3600 s) = 25 m/s

(50 km/h) * (1000 m/1 km) * (1 h/3600 s) = 13.89 m/s

tangential acceleration

The tangential acceleration component causes a change in the speed of the

particle

Calculating tangential acceleration (Translational motion)

a = (vf - vi) / (t)

at = ( 13.89 m/s - 25 m/s ) / ( 15 s )

a = -0.74 m/s^2; negative acceleration since it is due to braking.

centripetal acceleration

The component of centripetal acceleration arises from a change in direction of the

velocity vector.

Calculating centripetal or radial acceleration:

ac = - ( v )^2 / r

ac = - ( 13.89 m / s )^2 / ( 150 m )

ac = ( - 192.93 m^2 / s^2 ) / ( 150 m )

ac = - 1.29 m / s^2

calculating the total acceleration:

a = √ [ ( - 0.74 m / s^2 )^2 + ( - 1.29 m / s^2)^2 ]

a = √ [ 0.55 m^2 / s^4 + 1.66 m^2 / s^4 ]

a = √(2.21 m²/s⁴)

a = 1.49 m / s^2

8)
A kicker must make a field goal from a point 36.0 m (almost 40 yards) away.
from the goal area, and half of the spectators expect the free ball to hit the bar
transversal, which is 3.05 m high. When kicked, the ball leaves the ground with a
speed of 20.0 m/s at an angle of 53.0° from the horizontal. a) How much does it result in?
insufficient to clear the bar? b) Does the ball approach the crossbar
while it is still rising or while it is falling?

Answer:

It is known that you have the polar components of the initial velocity vector.

(20;53°)

So first we will need the time it takes for the egg shape to conclude its
trajectory in x because we have the distance which is 36m⇒

t=d/V

t = 36m / (20 cos 53°)

t=2.99

having the time, which is equal for both movements we continue searching for the
displacement in y:

y = (vy)(t) + (gt²)/2

(20 sin 53°)(2.99) + ((-9.8)(2.99)²)/2

y=3.95

Finally, we compare the measurements of the bar and that of the shot in y.

3.95 - 3.05 = 0.9m

Then we have that the shot will exceed the bar by 0.9 m

and the answer must be that it is already falling, to see it I used a physics laboratory
Virtual parabolic shooting is very useful.
9)

The figure represents the total acceleration of a particle that is

move clockwise in a circle of 2.50 m
of the radio at a certain moment in time. At this moment, find a) the
radial acceleration
tangential

10)

A soccer player kicks a rock horizontally from a 40.0 m high mound.

a pond. If the player hears the sound of the splash 3.0 seconds later, what was the
initial speed given to the rock? Assume that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.

11)

A car traveling at 95 km/h catches up with a train that is 1.10 km long.

that travels in the same direction on a track parallel to the road. If the
The train's speed is 75 km/h. How long will it take the car to...
 how far will the car have traveled in that time after overtaking the train?
What results are obtained if the train and the car both travel in
opposite senses?
1
At the moment the car is at the rear of the train, the front of the train is at 1.1
km further ahead.

The position of the car is:

Xa = 95 km/h t

The position of the train (the front) is:

Xt = 1.1 km + 75 t

The car arrives at the front of the train when their positions are equal. (I omit units)

95 t = 1.1 + 75 t

20 t = 1.1; t = 1.1 / 20 = 0.055 hours = 198 seconds

The car travels: Xa = 95 . 0.055 = 5.225 km

In opposite directions, the car must match the end of the train.

Xa = 95 km/h t; Xt = 1.1 km - 75 km/h t

95 t = 1.1 - 75 t; t = 1.1 / 170 = 0.00647 hours = 23.3 seconds

The car covers Xa = 95 . 0.00647 = 0.614 km = 614 m

12) to trigger an avalanche on a mountain slope, a

artillery shell is fired with an initial velocity of 300 m/s at
55.0º above the horizontal. It explodes on the slope 42.0 seconds later.
to be triggered. What are the x and y coordinates, and where does it explode
howitzers, in relation to their firing point?

The coordinates (x,y) where the shell explodes are as follows: (7227 ;
1677.71 m

EXPLANATION:

To solve this problem, we must apply launch equations.

projectile, such that:

x = Vo·Cos(α)·t
y = Vo·Sin(α)·t - (1/2)·g·t²
So, having the data, we can look for both positions:

x = (300 m/s)·cos(55°)·t
y = (300 m/s)· sin(55°)· t - (1/2)·(9.80 m/s²)·t²

We know that the time it explodes is 42 seconds, then:

x = (300 m/s)·cos(55°)·(42s) = 7227 m

y = (300 m/s)· sin(55°)· t - (1/2)·(9.80 m/s²)·(42s) = 1677.71 m

So, the coordinates where the shell explodes are as follows: (7227 ;
1677.71 m.

A racing car starts from rest on a circular track;

it increases its speed to a constant amount at as it gives a
return to the track. Find the angle formed by the total acceleration of the
automobile, with the radius that connects the center of the track and the car, in the
moment when the car completes the circle.

Answer:
Radial acceleration is centripetal acceleration.
a_c = V² / R = (15 m/s)² / 100 m = 2.25 m/s²
Total acceleration has two components, one radial and one
tangential.
at = 25 m/s / 12.5 s = 2.00 m/s²
The magnitude of the total acceleration when V = 15 m/s is:
a = √(2.00² + 2.25²) = 3.01 m/s²