TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF COSTA RICA

SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

COURSE IN METROLOGY AND STANDARDIZATION

Ing. Rafael Torres Navarro

II SEMESTER 2 010

Measurement with Instruments

Dimensional
TOPICS: Supplementary material for the metrology module

August 2010
 Classification of instruments and measurement devices in
dimensional metrology

TOPICS: METROLOGY MODULES

Metro
With strokes or
Graduated scale
divisions
All kinds of calipers and
medidores de altura con escala
Measure
direct With screw All types of micrometers
Micrometric heads
micrometric

With Pattern blocks

Thickness gauges (leaflets)
fixed dimension
Calibradores límite (pasa-no pasa)
Linear
Mechanical comparators

Comparison Optical comparators

Pneumatic comparators
Measure
indirect Spheres or cylinders
Trigonometry Measuring machines for
coordenadas
Levels
Relative
Optical rules

With strokes or Simple transporter

divisions Protractor
Measure
direct
With Levels
Angular fixed dimension
Optical rules

False squads
Measure Trigonometry
indirect trica Sine Rule
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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

A. INSTRUMENT: SECTIONAL RULER/CALIPER/VERNIER

B. Parts of the caliper or vernier caliper

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 C. Uses of the caliper or vernier scale

A
C

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Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

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 D. Operating principle

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

E. Measurement with the caliper

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Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

Which of the following measurements are good and which are not?
Measurement 1 Measurement 2

Correct Incorrect ( ) Correct Incorrect

Measurement 3 Measurement 4

Correct ( ) Incorrect Correct Incorrect

Measurement 5 Measurement 6

Correct ( ) Incorrect ( ) Correct Incorrect

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 Exercise
There are different types of calipers used for external measurements, for measurements
interiors and for measurements of depth or height. Generally, the three utilities tend to
to be included in a single instrument as shown in the following figure:

The following illustrations show the types of measurement mentioned in the previous point.
Relate each of the figures to the measurement they represent.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

a. Measurement of exteriors a. Measurement of exteriors a. Measurement of exteriors

b. Measurement of height b. Height measurement b. Height measurement

c. Measurement of interiors c. Measurement of interiors c. Measurement of interiors

d. Measurement of thicknesses d. Thickness measurement d. Measurement of thicknesses

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

A. INSTRUMENT: MICROMETER

¢ The micrometer comes from the Greek 'micros', small, and 'metron', measurement.
also called (Palmer Screw)

¢ It is a precision instrument used to obtain more accurate measurements.

exactly as those obtained using rules or calipers.

¢ It was invented by William Gascoigne in the 17th century as an improvement of

Vernier was then used in a telescope to measure distances.
angles between the stars. Its adaptation for small measurements was
made by Jean Louis Palmer, this device has since been called
palmer in France.

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 C. PARTS OF THE INSTRUMENT

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

D. RESOLUTION

The operation is based on the micrometer screw and is used for measuring.
the dimensions of an object with heightprecision, on the order of hundredths of
millimeters (0.01 mm) and thousandths of a millimeter (0.001 mm)(micra).

E. READING OF THE INSTRUMENT

For readings in hundredths of a millimeter, first take the reading from the cylinder.
(note that each graduation corresponds to 0.5 mm) and then that of the drum,
add the two to get the total reading.

Figure. Use of the micrometer for measurement

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 Exercise:
Given the following figure, identify the type of instrument and the measurement reading that
it is observed in it.

a. King ’s foot, measurement reading 5.81 mm.

b. King ’s foot, measurement reading 6.31 mm.

c. Micrometer, measurement reading 6.31 mm.

d. Micrometer, measurement reading 5.81 mm.

e. Caliper Checker, measurement reading 5.81 mm

f. None of the above

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

Image 1 Image 2 Image 3

a. 23.06 mm 10.63 mm a. 20, 65 mm

b. 22.06 mm b. 10.13 mm b. 20.15 mm

c. 22.56 mm c. 10.50 mm c. 21.15 mm

d. 23.56 mm d. 13.15 mm d. 20.14 mm

F. Instrument care

¢ Perfectly clean the faces ofmeasurementof the spindle and the anvil, or not
you will obtain accurate measurements. To make the measurements correctly,
It is essential that the object to be measured is perfectly cleaned of oil and dust.
accumulated.
¢ ThemaintenanceProper handling of the micrometer is essential before storing it.
do not stop cleaning the surfaces of the spindle, anvil, and other parts,
removing sweat, dust, and stains fromoilthen apply oil
anticorrosive.

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 G. Usage precautions

¢ If you bring the surface of the object closer by directly turning the knob, the
the spindle could apply excessive measuring pressure to the object and will be
incorrect measurement.
¢ When the micrometer is used constantly or in a way
inadequate, the zero point of the micrometer can become misaligned. If the
the instrument suffers a fall or a strong blow, the parallelism and smoothness
from the spindle and the anvil, sometimes they become misaligned and themovementdelete
Husillo is abnormal.

H. How are they calibrated?

With hardened steel blocks that are manufactured with extremely precise dimensions.
exact. The calibration blocks are available in a set of lengths
standardized.

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

I. How do they fit?

1.- In case the micrometer is deemed out of the specified tolerance by
the standard in some of its points, one can proceed to adjust the indication of the
cylinder (adjustment in microns) or on the micrometer screw if the error is greater.
2.- In case of adjusting the drum, the top screw must be unscrewed, operation
delicate to avoid a larger mismatch, adjust over the template and return
to fix the screw.
3.-In any case, a new confirmation must be made of the
micrometer tested at all its scales.

J. Environmental and storage conditions

VReturn to its original case.
VKeep it at room temperature in a dry place.
VA thermohygrometer should be available for cases where control
Environmental is critical in the measurements made.

K. Factors that determine Total Uncertainty

VIf the result of the uncertainty is within the tolerance of the
the specified measurement for the equipment will be considered the correct scale since
The dimensions of the device are linear according to the characteristics.
expressed by the manufacturer.
VIn case the margin of error is exceeded or it is detected that in addition to the
specified uncertainty exists a systematic error, will be established
other measurement points, halfway and full scale, to extract the graph
of work and the necessary correction table.
VIf the specified error is exceeded, the equipment will be taken out of service.

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 L. Calculation of Calibration Uncertainty

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 Reading with instruments, Metrology and Standardization, ITCR, EIPI, II Semester 2 010.

Required regulatory documents

1. Technical Sheet

Every instrument must have a technical sheet, this document must be accessible to
any interested party who wishes to obtain information about the instrument being used.

It could be said that the technical data sheet is the business card of the instrument, since in this
The document expresses important details about it. The following are presented:
necessary elements to be collected.

Example:

Nombre Instrumento Vernier Digital

Model: CD-8

Series No. 500-17

Rangode Measurement 150 mm

Resolution. 0.01 mm

Manufacture Date:

Fecha_Ingreso 2002

Calibration Frequency: Manufacturer

Requires Calibration: Yes

Assigned Department: PI

Internal Control Code 4

Useful Life 10-15years

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 Calibration Certificate

Pattern
Internac
ional

National Patron

Reference Pattern

Work Pattern

Measuring Instruments

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