AIEP Professional Institute Spa.

ITO Course: Technical Inspection of Work

Participant Manual

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AIEP Professional Institute Spa.
THIS YEAR

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AIEP Professional Institute Spa.

Module II: Contingency Plans and

Emergency.
Unit No. 2.
Safety and Prevention.
Participant Manual

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Index.

1. Contingency prevention plan. .............................................................................................. 3

2. Emergency plan....................................................................................................................... 12
3. Medical Care and First Aid Plan................................................................................ 14
4. Fire Prevention Plan
5. Evacuation Plan......................................................................................................................... 33
6. Procedures and Actions. ........................................................................................................... 35
36

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Contingency prevention plan.

Contingency prevention plan: Document that compiles the measures associated with preventing or
minimize the probability of occurrence of risk situations that may affect the environment
environment or the population, identified during the environmental assessment procedure(s).

The Contingency Prevention Plan must be based on a risk assessment that

allow to identify a set of specific basic measures and response actions that are
they should take to adequately and effectively face possible incidents, accidents and/or
emergencies that could occur both on the premises and outside of them. In the
Currently, the need for the contingency plan arises from the emergency.
caused by the community risk posed by the pandemic caused by Covid-19 (SARS-
Cov-2).

A Contingency Plan for the previous case, for example, must include at least the
sections detailed below:

1. DESCRIPTIVE INTRODUCTION

2. IMMEDIATE GENERAL MEASURES TO REDUCE BOTH RISK EXPOSURE AND

POSSIBLE PROPAGATION.

3. RISK ASSESSMENT AT LEAST 3 LEVELS.

4. PLAN THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES BASED ON THE EVALUATED RISK.

5. CONTROL MECHANISMS.

The Contingency Plan must include a detailed description of at least the following
points:

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Structure of the Plan.

Immediate General Measures to reduce both risk exposure and the possible
propagation.

Highlighting first of all those that directly affect the very organization of work,
this is:

A. Determine the activities that can be classified as:

• Prioritized or secondary (susceptible to being paralyzed in the short/medium term).

In-person or telework performance.

B. Modify the schedule to reduce the number of people working at the same time.

Work schedule modifications

Stepped inputs and outputs

C. Ensure that no staff with symptoms (even if mild) are present.

D. Identify and evaluate the presence of sensitive personnel.

E. In low-risk exposure workplaces, study the implementation of the use of

hygienic masks to prevent possible spread.

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F. Prioritize walking, cycling, or using one's own/company vehicle over public transport.
public.
As a guideline, the following possible additional preventive measures to be adopted are listed below.
immediately without the need to resort to a prior risk assessment:

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Risk assessment at least 3 levels.

Depending on the nature of the activities, on the mechanisms of transmission of the coronavirus
SARSCoV-2 and whether the work contact with symptomatic people is close or not, we can establish
3 levels of risk in which the different jobs that a company has are classified.
company.

1. Low probability of exposure: Working people without direct public contact, or more
2 meters apart, or with collective protective measures that prevent contact, for example:

• Administrative personnel.
• Technical staff.
• Drivers.
• Security personnel.

2. Low-risk exposure:

• Personnel whose job activities do not involve close contact with a symptomatic person, due to
example:

Companions for transportation.

3. Exposure to risk.

Those work situations in which close contact with a case may occur
probable or confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2, symptomatic.
1. Healthcare personnel, both assistive and non-assistive, who attends to a symptomatic person.

2. Technical personnel for sanitary transport, if there is direct contact with the symptomatic person
transferred.

3. Crew of means of transport (air, sea, or land) that assists during the journey.
symptomatic person coming from a risk area.

4. Situations where close contact with a person at work cannot be avoided

symptomatic.

These three levels of risk place the workforce of companies based on their activity and
from the probability of proximity to an infection source (due to the mode of transmission of
(virus). The risk exposure scenarios established in the action procedure for
occupational risk prevention services against exposure to the new coronavirus (Sars-
Ccov-2), published by the Ministry of Health, explains that the activities indicated in the

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procedures are for example only and not an exhaustive list. Furthermore, it is indicated that it will be
A specific risk assessment is necessary. Depending on the description of the different tasks.
the risk scenarios could vary within the activity and the requirements
The protection measures will be modified based on the specific risk assessment.

4. Planning of preventive measures based on the assessed risk.

These preventive measures will be categorized into organizational and protective measures.
collective, individual protection, training and information. Below are possible
preventive measures to be adopted based on the assessed risk:

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5. Control mechanisms.

Finally, control mechanisms must be included, and among them at least the following
elements:

Establish the mechanisms that ensure the continuous update of the risk assessment,
especially regarding the classification of workers according to the level of risk
and the application of the corresponding preventive measures.

2. Update and disseminate the Emergency Plan, taking into account the current situation.

3. Establish a specific plan in the current situation for the maintenance of communications.
among the different hierarchical levels of the company.

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2. Emergency plan.
In an emergency, it is vital that all collaborators have clarity on what actions and
procedures must be followed. We share 5 simple tips for you to create the plan of
emergency for your workplace.
Emergency plans allow for the ordering of actions that each person must take when
Generate an accident. This way, it will be safer and easier to act correctly, avoiding
that the situation is even more serious for everyone.

The following are some recommendations for generating an emergency plan.

1. Analyze the threats and risks.
The building where the organization operates must be observed and analyzed, both externally and internally.
internal. In this way, the elements that could generate risks can be identified.
additional in the case of an emergency.

For a correct evaluation it is necessary:

• Review the environment in which the workplace is located. If there are posts nearby
electric deposits of hazardous materials or other risk elements, these could
to inflame or fall on the workers in case of evacuation.
• Consider the distance between emergency services and the organization. Know that time.
it will facilitate estimating response times and the transfer to the site of the incident of the teams
necessary emergencies.
• Check the status of the gas, electricity, and water installations.
• Examine the distribution of the workspaces, ensuring that there are no elements that
they may interfere with a rapid evacuation.
• Identify the safe areas of the building.
• Determine the accessibility to fire protection equipment, emergency lights,
first aid kits, etc. These should always be at hand.

2. Assess the available resources.

Having an inventory of resources will allow you to know what equipment you have and what improvements are needed.
you can implement the organization. To carry out this evaluation it is advisable:

• Determine the resources available to repair or install everything that is necessary, according to the
threat and risk analysis.
• Define the resources available to both prevent and address a situation.
in emergency.

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Conduct an inventory of the safety elements that the organization has (fire extinguishers, network
dry, first aid kit, etc.

3. Define actions and support groups.

This step involves determining the operational actions to carry out the Emergency Plan.
this is precise:

• Establish evacuation routes and highlight them with their respective signage.
• Define security zones both internal and external.
• Determine the type of signal that will activate the emergency plan and how it will be executed internally.
• Determine evacuation times and organization of exits.
• Form emergency brigades or support groups that are in charge of operational actions.
as well as the coordination of the evacuation.
• Train workers to serve as support for both risk prevention and
to the execution of the Emergency Plan.

4. Bring the printed plan.

The organization must have a sketch or plan of the building, where it is graphically shown.
the information that has been collected and is available to all workers. Some
the characteristics of this plan are:

• Identify all the 'rooms' that the organization has, indicating hallways, exits.
emergency, evacuation routes, safe zones, etc.
• It is identical to the organization's distribution so that, if an incident occurs and help is needed
support from institutions such as Firefighters, Red Cross, ambulances, they can use it as
guidance to help during the emergency.
• Highlight the organization's environment, considering the distances to emergency services.
(Firefighters, Carabineros, medical centers, etc.) and include the phone numbers that are
they will be used in case of an incident.
5. Spread and evaluate

For the Emergency Plan to really work, it must be shared with all collaborators.
This way they will know what to do and how to react in an emergency. Moreover, it will allow for collection.
proposals or improvements from the workers themselves.

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3. Medical Care and First Aid Plan.

A healthcare and first aid plan aims to establish procedures for
to act in an organized and efficient manner in emergency situations, preparing with
advance notice before starting work to the on-site work group to control such events
in a safe manner and thus allow the quick recovery of altered operational capacity.

Some important definitions to know:

Alert: Condition of surveillance or attention to the real or imminent presence of a phenomenon

adverse. It implies activating the measures provided for these situations.

First Aid: Immediate help provided to a victim by non-professional personnel.

health area, but previously instructed.

Rescue: Emergency operation consisting of the removal of a victim from the center of danger.
Victim: A person who suffers a loss of health, physical, psychological, and/or social, due to an accident or
disaster.

Accident: Undesired event that results in death, illness, injury to people, damage to the
property, work environment, or a combination of these.

Trauma: Injury to organs or tissues caused by external mechanical actions.

Traumatic injuries: Loss of continuity of the body's tissues as a result of a

trauma.

Drill: Faked action, which involves movement of people and resources, in which the
participants approach a real emergency scenario. It allows testing the Planning.

Simulation: Theoretical exercises to examine roles, coordination, procedures, actions and

tasks indicated in the Planning, to prepare a response to a real emergency.

Hemorrhages: Continuous flow of blood due to the rupture of blood vessels.• Polytraumatized:
Patient with more than one lesion of various types in several parts of the body.

Working at height: Any activity that requires operating more than 1.5 meters on a ladder, platform,
easel, scaffold, etc.

Dangerous substance: One that, by its nature, can cause permanent harm to health.
human, animal or plant.

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Spinal board: Rigid stretcher for the transfer of individuals who have suffered a spinal injury.
vertebral.

Cervical collar: Neck immobilizer in case of a potential cervical injury.

Mitigation: To moderate, alleviate, or reduce the effects of an event.

PQS and CO2 extinguishers: Portable extinguishing units of 6 Kg. for Dry Chemical Powder.
multipurpose 2 Kg unit based on Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

Earthquake: It is a land movement caused by internal factors.

Safety Area or Zone: An area or zone free of risks that allows a group of people to shelter.
during an emergency.

Evacuation route: Path through which the evacuation of a group of people must be channeled.
towards the safety zone.

External organizations: Fire Department, Carabineros, SAMU, MUTUAL DE SEGURIDAD, SEREMI

of Health.

Emergency: A situation of danger or disaster that requires immediate action, and that can
to commit personnel, resources, facilities of one's own and third parties, and to the Environment. It
they will be classified into four categories:

a) Medical: Caused by traumatic injuries from work accidents, for example: contact with
energized installations.

b) Techniques: Triggered during the development of tasks of one’s own or others, e.g.: fires.
c) Natural: Originated by nature, e.g.: earthquakes.

d) Social: Caused with premeditation in facilities by social pressure groups, for example:
terrorism.
Safety Data Sheet: Standardized and mandatory document according to Nch 2245 where it is recorded
chemical product safety information, related to handling, storage, and transfer.

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Methodology or Process Description.

Below is a General Sequential Diagram as an example, and in addition, it details the

Case of 'Mitigation and Recovery of Emergency in the Event of Individual Accidents and/or'
"Collectives" for its application.

Mitigation and Recovery from Emergencies due to Individual and/or Collective Accidents. It is reported that
what is happening to the Local Headquarters (Site Manager or whoever he delegates to), which
determine the courses of action to follow, which will include the rescue and transfer of personnel
injured if any, and/or the partial or total evacuation of potentially affected workers
committed. Will immediately communicate this situation to their Project or Area manager, to the Sub
Management of security, occupational health, and environment and to the Human Resources Department
(HR). It also defines the need for assistance at the support location from external organizations.
rescue efforts, transfer of the injured.

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Depending on the severity of the injured person or persons, the following measures should be taken:

Minor Injuries: These are those caused by blows, cuts without

hemorrhage, slips, foreign body in the eyes, pains without fracture, and those that in the judgment of
Risk Prevention and Environmental Manager of the worksite (First Aid Manager)
Assistance), that is how I qualified them.

In these cases, first aid should be given, informing the respective management.
to the Joint Committee on Hygiene and Safety (only if applicable).

Any eye injury will require the transfer of the injured person to the MUTUAL DE SEGURIDAD clinic.
where the instructions given by the medical personnel of the clinic will be followed. The others
Referrals to healthcare centers will depend on the evaluation carried out by the person in charge.
marked.

Moderate Injuries: These are those indicated as examples. Generally, the

or the injured remain conscious and can be transferred without danger:

Cut and/or puncture wounds.

Bruises from blows that are not to the head or spine.

Mild hemorrhages.

Others.

In this case, the injured person will be transferred to the nearest medical center, ideally to
Polyclinic of MUTUAL DE SEGURIDAD if possible, and depending on the evaluation carried out in
This healthcare center will determine referrals to other hospitals of higher capacity.
resolution.

In addition, the central office and HR will be informed shortly for family contacts.
of the affected.

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Severe or Fatal Injuries: In this case, the injured person or persons are usually unconscious or
semiconscious, with loss of balance, intense pallor, cold skin, cold sweat, deviated eyes,
altered breathing, shortness of breath, cardiac arrest or fatal. Examples:

Limb fractures.

Electric shocks.

Severe burns from electric arcs.

Blows to the head.

Blows to the spine.

Arterial hemorrhages.

Exposed fracture of the easily observable limbs.

Runover or entrapment by machines or vehicles.

Falls from height.

Other similar ones.

In this case, a rescue ambulance will be called immediately, MUTUAL DE SEGURIDAD or

SAMU. Urgent attention must be given in case of asphyxia (cardiopulmonary arrest) or bleeding.
severe.
Monitor the vital signs of the injured person (pulse, breathing, and body temperature), keep them stable.
thank you, comply with the basic first aid instructions described below. To the
Upon the arrival of the ambulance, leave the control of the situation to the doctor and/or paramedics.

The Site Manager or their replacement, immediately informs their Management, and to the Sub
Management of security, occupational health and environment, and to HR, for contacts in the hospital
base MUTUAL OF SECURITY and/or regional derivations, such as to relatives of the affected person.

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In addition, the employer in the case of serious and/or fatal work accidents must inform
immediately

Mutual Safety Administrative Organization

Labor Inspection.

Regional Ministry of Health that corresponds (Seremi de Salud).

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Carabineros, only in case of fatal accident.

Responsibilities and Obligations.

For emergency situations like those indicated, prior planning is provided.

for the action of the ground organization in such circumstances, which includes the allocation
of responsibilities to the different members of it.
The most relevant ones are indicated below. It will depend on the type and location of the work, which can
to be affected by different emergencies, the definition of specific Plans and Responsibilities.

Site Administrator or their replacement.

• Define the types of emergencies that can arise in the development of work.
a description and prepare a Planning for it, including communication criteria, which is
they must detail.

• Organize the work group to structure the Emergency and Evacuation Plan.
if they proceed.

• Organize emergency drills and participate in them.

• Classify and organize information obtained from emergency care centers, from the areas of
service and logistical support and widely disseminates in its organization: identification, direction,
telephones. Provide basic means to face a rescue of an injured worker: stretcher or board
spinal, cervical neck, first aid kit. In addition, verify that the staff has completed a course in
first aid that includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers.

• Check for the existence of means for fire fighting and prevention, such as, number
sufficient fire extinguishers of PQS type, CO2 and their location. It is ensured that staff are equipped
with basic instruction in the use of fire extinguishers.

• Prepare the incident report resulting from the emergency for the Prevention Department.
of Risks and Environment and for the Joint Committee.

Supervisor and Foremen.

Instruct all workers under your charge about this plan, preferably regarding those
subjects related to action in emergencies and verify the proper use and condition of the elements
of security.

• Actively participate in the drills that are conducted within your area of action. 5.4
Workers in general

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• Know the emergency plan and participate in it.

• Participate in simulation drill practices.

• Use your safety elements and check their condition periodically.

Finally, attachments should be added, such as:

A.- Communicational Criteria.

B.- Emergency phone numbers.

C.- Mutual Security Care Centers

D.- Emergency Mitigation

E.- Location plans of security zones of the project

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[Link] prevention plan.

The regulations related to fire safety aim to protect the
occupants of buildings in case of fire, facilitate their rescue, prevent the spread
of the fire and facilitate its extinction.

This regulation is found in various laws, regulations, and standards from different entities, these
son
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.

General Law of Urbanism and Constructions

General Ordinance on Urbanism and Constructions.

Official list of fire behavior of elements and components of construction

General Law of Urbanism and Construction Article 160.

In the case of industrial establishments or storage facilities, exposed to danger of

explosion or fire, and those that produce harmful or unpleasant emissions, noises,
apprehensions or other inconveniences to the neighborhood, the municipality will establish, prior to a report from the Secretariat
Regional corresponding to the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism and the National Health Service,
the deadline within which they must withdraw from the sector in which they are established.

That period shall not be less than one year, counted from the date of notification of the resolution.
respective.

General Ordinance on Urbanism and Constructions.

TITLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter 1

Standards of competence and definitions. The following terms have in this Ordinance the
meaning that is expressed: (related to fire or fire-related).

Non-combustible building elements: those that do not ignite or support combustion.

combustion under the action of fire, or they have an incombustible structural base covered by
a coating of less than 3 mm in thickness in which the propagation of the flame has a
speed lower than 5 m/min.

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Fire wall: the one that meets the required fire resistance according to the case, in accordance with
Article 4.3.3 of this Ordinance.

Automatic fire extinguishing system: a set made up of devices and equipment capable
to detect and automatically download a fire extinguisher in a fire area.

Vertical safety zone: protected vertical evacuation route from the effects of fire that, from
any level up to the exit allows users to evacuate the building without being affected by the
fire, smoke or gases.

The fire behavior characteristics of materials, elements, and components

used in construction, expressly required in the Ordinance, that are not found
included in the Official Fire Behavior List, must be accredited through the
test certificate issued by some official technical control institution of
quality of materials and industrial elements for construction.

FIRE NETWORK Article 53.

In every building, a network system for the provision of water must be considered.
it will be called fire network (wet network and dry network). As long as there is no specific standard regarding
Regarding this, these networks must be designed according to the minimum provisions that to
the following are indicated:

Wet Red: In buildings intended for the gathering of people such as hospitals,
trade, schools, industries, public buildings, sports facilities, and others intended for the same purpose, as well
as well as in buildings of three or more floors, it should be considered for use against fires
incipient, a fire hydrant of at least 25 mm per floor, connected to the system of
water distribution of the building. The fire hoses will be distributed in such a way that no point
the property shall be located at a distance greater than 25m from them, with a hose covering the point
further away and its access will be expedited and the operation of valves and hoses will be easy.

In apartment buildings, fire hoses must be located in common areas, and in

those cases where the specified distance in the preceding paragraph cannot be met, may
Accept hoses longer than 25 m, as long as they allow for a pressure of 8.
m.c.a., at the end of the hose.

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Dry Standpipe: In buildings five or more stories high, a dry standpipe for water must be installed.
independent from the water distribution network for consumption. It will be a main pipe for
exclusive use of the Fire Department, made of galvanized steel ASTM A-53 with threaded connection and
It will have a minimum diameter of 100 mm. However, its capacity must be verified for a
total flow of 24 l/s, with a pressure of 50 m.c.a. at the most unfavorable discharge point.

As is known by the Fire Departments, on October 24, 2009, it was

published in the official newspaper the Law No. 20.389, regulation from which the Bodies were authorized to
Firefighters from the country to inspect the “Safety Conditions of Buildings,” as
Previously, they were only authorized to inspect buildings with a load greater than 100.
people, as long as they had the authorization of the owner or the building administrator.

The aforementioned legal standard introduces two important modifications to article 142 and adds
a new third paragraph to article 144, both of the decree with the force of law 458 of 1975 known
such as the 'General Law of Urban Planning and Constructions', which aim to allow
Fire departments inspect buildings to verify the functioning of the...
fire security installations and evacuation plan and to allow knowledge of the
Facilities to know the way or manner in which they should act in case of a fire.
but it does not authorize the Fire Departments to charge for such services.

The powers granted to the Fire Departments are as follows:

1. Authorizes the Fire Departments to Inspect Construction Works (under execution). In

this case involves works required to obtain a construction permit (over 100 meters)
squares), the object of the inspection being to verify the general safety conditions,
fire safety established in the current regulations (mainly in the provisions
from Title IV chapters 2 and 3 of the General Ordinance on Construction and Urbanism

It allows the Fire Departments to verify the functioning of emergency facilities.

of the buildings, having to record their observations in the Work Book. In said
The instrument must include instructions and observations regarding the development of the
construction by the professionals involved in it and by the municipal inspectors
and also the fire inspectors.

3. Empowers the Fire Departments to inspect the general safety conditions, the
fire safety and the operation of emergency facilities in buildings,
that already have municipal reception. If during the inspection work it is verified that not
The security conditions provided in the evacuation plan are met, the commander of
The respective Fire Department will report in writing the results of the inspection to the Director.
from Municipal Works, in order for the measures established in article 20 of the Law to be adopted

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General Urbanism and Construction. (Municipal benefit fine imposed by the Police Judge
Respective local.

[Link] an obligation for the construction or real estate company regarding the presentation
the request for reception of buildings whose occupancy load is equal to or greater than 100
people, intended for collective buildings, facilities, and productive activities must
attach (to the respective Works Department) a copy of the evacuation plan submitted to the Body
of the respective Firefighters (the one that attends to the services of the respective municipality). The Corps of
Firefighters should only receive the plan. They are not authorized to review it or to charge for it.
receive it.

5. Evacuation Plan, This instrument must be prepared only by professionals in the field.
(Architects, Builders, Engineers, and Safety Experts) that will include the general conditions of
safety, fire safety measures, and the operation of emergency facilities
of the buildings regarding the signage implemented for evacuation routes, as well as a
plan that includes those routes, the indication of the hydrants, dry network, wet network, accesses, systems of
lighting, heating, the gas appliances considered and their ventilation requirements
Other background information that may be useful in case of emergency. (Article 5.2.10. of the Ordinance
General)

It is important to highlight that this inspection authority granted to the Fire Departments,
together with meaning a recognition of their work, aims to allow the Bodies of
Firefighters need to know in advance the potential risks they face in case of
In case of an emergency, know the fire safety elements of the
buildings and their functioning, so that they can have elements of judgment that allow them to
allow the timely decisions to be made for the fight and control of the fire and without the exercise
of the inspection powers means economic disbursement for individuals.

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Design and implement an action plan for fire risk that allows for prevention, detection
and mitigate a fire situation that could put the people present at risk
at the time of the emergency or affects the normal development of work inside someone
enclosure.

Fire classification.

Fires are classified based on the fuel present in the process, defined as:

Class A: Solid fuels that generate carbonaceous residues in the form of embers or coals.
composed of paper, wood, textiles, trash, and leaf litter.

Class B: Combustible liquids, such as alcohols, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, paint, among others.

Class C: Equipment or installations energized electrically, which are prone to combustion due to
overloads, short circuits or installation defects.

Class D: It is the fire caused by alkaline metals (sodium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, among others.).
Its danger lies in its high reactivity with oxygen.

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Class K: Corresponds to fires where cooking oils and fats are present.

Causes of fire.

Fires are caused by a variety of factors, among which the following can be highlighted:

• Electric
• Short circuit.
• Overloading of electrical systems.
• Excess of extenders.
• Do not consider the electrical capacity of the installation.
• Inadequate or nonexistent maintenance of equipment and/or electrical installations substances
hazardous chemicals.
• Improper handling of chemicals.
• Not respecting the proper storage of chemical substances Order and cleanliness.
• Excessively accumulate combustible material, increasing its load.
• Generate flammability conditions in the event of an electrical failure in a socket.
desk.
• Block fire extinguishing equipment Critical work.
• Develop cutting, roughing, welding, hot work or open flame work, among
others, without the risk prevention measures or disregarding the critical procedures
established.
• Smoking in unauthorized places.
• Lack of signage in the workplaces.
• Generation or propagation of heat from certain equipment.
• Entry and activities of individuals outside the premises.

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Preventive measures Each of the causes can be controlled with preventive measures
like the following:

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Training in the use of fire extinguishers.

Constant training regarding the handling of fire extinguishers along with their location must be conducted.
signage and maintenance of these.

Simulation and/or drills.

It is advisable to conduct it theoretically, in order to train the staff regarding the plan of
fire prevention.

Safety signage.

It is recommended to install safety signs that, based on colors and pictograms, indicate some
risk.

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Dry Chemical Powder or multipurpose extinguisher.

It is a metallic cylinder or body, made up of an extinguishing agent that must be pressurized with a
propellant gas.

Carbon Dioxide or Carbonic Anhydride Fire Extinguisher (CO2).

It is a metallic cylinder or body, composed of an extinguishing agent and whose main characteristic
The CO2 is its extinguishing agent. In some cases, there is an external bottle used for
pressurize.

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Firefighting techniques.

The following are some steps to follow in fire fighting: Fire extinguishers.

• Aim the extinguisher in the direction of the wind.

• Remove the fire extinguisher from its support or cabinet and move it vertically.
• Position yourself at a distance where the heat or flames do not affect you.
• Remove or break the security seal.
• Point the nozzle and hose at the base of the fire.
• Activate the handle in operation.
• Aim the jet at the base of the fire.
• Move the hose in a fan motion.
• When the fire is extinguished, step away and check for any reignition. If there is ash
burning apply the extinguisher agent.
• In dry chemical powders, it is advisable to leave a layer of powder over the debris to
avoid their reignition.
• Never turn your back to the wet fire.
• Ideally, two people should activate it: one directing the hose towards the incident and another
ready for the opening of the valve.
• Verify that the power supply is cut off.
• Extend the hose, directing it towards the damaged area.
• Open the hose nozzle and direct the water stream towards the base of the fire, first,
like a direct jet and then in the form of a cone until completely extinguishing the fire.

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General recommendations for handling fire extinguishing equipment

• Give immediate notice.

• If you are qualified, use the appropriate extinguishing equipment for the risk.
• If you are qualified and trained, cut the electrical power from the main panel and
other supplies of gases or fuels.
• If it is not possible to control the situation, evacuate the affected area and those surrounding it.
• In case of evacuation, assist external personnel in the facilities by directing them through the routes of
evacuation to the established safe areas.
• Revise bathrooms and other areas where people might be and start closing them.
doors of the dependencies in order to prevent the propagation of smoke and flames.
• Before opening a door, check its temperature by quickly touching it with your hand.
forearm
• In case of opening a door, do it slowly. If you detect flame, withdraw. Cover the pathways.
respiratory with a damp cloth Move closer to the floor to avoid the
smoke inhalation.
• Use the evacuation routes indicated by the evacuation leaders.
• The evacuation must be carried out in an orderly manner and should not hinder the entry of personnel who
acts in the control of the emergency.

It is recommended to conduct a Security Evaluation Report every certain amount of time, carried out by
Firefighters and/or some competent professional, subsequently establishing an action plan.
to address the improvement opportunities Complementary to what was indicated in a
Previously, checklists will be created to check the status of the equipment.
of fire extinguishing.

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5. Evacuation Plan.
For the preparation of Emergency and Evacuation plans, there are several aspects that must be considered.
consider, among others: Environment, age of the building, construction characteristics, type of
occupation (offices, universities, hospitals, clinics, others), if it is a company (corporate use, or
if only some floors are occupied), or if it is residential, security technology, prevention and protection
fire protection, alarm systems, signaling, critical areas, maintenance of their equipment and
systems. For the correct development of the plan, we must consider the following:

• General characteristics and environment should be considered.

• The geographical location of the property and/or venue must be considered, indicating buildings.
adjacent and distances to them.
• A description of the characteristics and location of the watercourses should be made.
next, for example, channels or others.
• The meteorological phenomena of the area must be described: rains, winds, regime of
temperatures, others.
• The seismicity of the area must be considered.
• The nearby industrial facilities, such as gas stations, warehouses, must be described.
of toxic products, high voltage lines, and others.
• Access routes should be evaluated, including their width, width and height, for example,
for the action of the Fire Brigade.
• The external construction characteristics must be evaluated, including a description of the
structure.
• The description of the internal construction characteristics, including a
description of the accesses to each of the dependencies of the buildings, such as
doors, corridors and stairs, vertical safety areas, evacuation routes and escape routes.
• The situation and characteristics of elements such as: Boilers must be described,
transformers, tanks, generators, elevators, freight lifts, lifts and others.
• The actual occupancy of the building must be determined, including the permanent and transient population, indicating the
people with disabilities who need assistance in an emergency situation.

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Design of evacuation routes.

The horizontal and vertical routes to be followed in the common areas of the building will be indicated.
from any point inside to the exits to the public road or open space directly
connected to her.

Evacuation route is the horizontal or vertical path that, through the common areas of the building,
It must be followed from any point inside to the exit to the public road. Will not be considered
as evacuation routes to windows, elevators, or escalators.

The evaluation of the evacuation routes.

The evacuation routes will be determined if they are suitable or not, based on the dimensions of the
hallways, stairs, and exit doors, and the flow of occupants that should be evacuated
through that route.

The signaling.
The signals used and their situation will be described to facilitate the evacuation of the building and the
localization of the exits. The facilities must have:

Rules to follow in case of emergency.

Evacuation Guide Plans

Sketch with the Safety Zones.

Lastly, as with the systems mentioned above, it is essential to generate in

detail a sheet or diagram of the locations of the escape or emergency routes along with the
security zone. Which must always be visible and known to those who inhabit or
occur in space. Each plan must adjust to the geographical and physical conditions of the place and
this must be prepared by a competent professional.

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6. Procedures and Actions.

Any plan's procedures and actions must first evaluate the organizational chart.
responsibilities and functions that the group of occupants and/or workers must carry out.
As well as, the implementation programs, improvements and maintenance and criteria for activation.
from each Plan.

The implementation program will establish a schedule specifying the following dates:

Date for the approval of each Plan.

Deadline for the incorporation of protective measures foreseen in the Plan.

Deadline for the preparation of the plans.

Deadline for drafting prevention and action guidelines.

Dates for conducting evacuation and/or emergency drills.

The development of procedures and actions must:

• Get people to acquire knowledge, habits, and skills in the field of

self-protection.

Familiarize the occupant with the Emergency and Evacuation Plan.

The schedule will set the dates and planning of the Training Program, for the execution of
courses, internships and simulations.

Finally, you must appoint the Head of Emergencies, who is the one who must take the necessary measures.
action in case of emergency. Likewise, the person who will substitute for him in case of absence.

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[Link].

- Guide for the development of the contingency plan Osalan.

- Chilean Safety Association (ACHS).[Link]
- Chilean Chamber of [Link].
- Portal of risk prevention experts in Chile.

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