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Interference and Diffraction Problems

The document presents 8 problems of optics and waves related to interference, diffraction, and resonance. The problems address topics such as interference patterns produced by Young's slits, diffraction by slits, interferometry, and resonance in strings and air columns. The solutions use formulas such as the conditions for maximum and minimum interference to calculate wavelengths, distances between fringes, and thicknesses of thin films.

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11 views14 pages

Interference and Diffraction Problems

The document presents 8 problems of optics and waves related to interference, diffraction, and resonance. The problems address topics such as interference patterns produced by Young's slits, diffraction by slits, interferometry, and resonance in strings and air columns. The solutions use formulas such as the conditions for maximum and minimum interference to calculate wavelengths, distances between fringes, and thicknesses of thin films.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PROBLEM 1

Two coherent sources of double grid (Young's slits)


they are separated from each other by 0.004 mm and are at a distance of a
1 m screen. If the bright band of second order (K=2) is
separated from the central maximum by 3 cm. and the light that
it is monochromatic, determine:

The wavelength used


2. The distance between two consecutive bright fringes.

SOLUTION

1) Being the maximum condition:

2)

PROBLEM 2

We illuminate, with a light bulb that emits light composed of 400 and
600 nm wavelength, a very thin slit
practiced on an opaque surface, transforming by
diffraction at the light emitting focus in all directions. The rays
emitted light illuminates two very narrow slits separated from each other
0.04 mm and that work as coherent light sources
of interferences on a screen that is located 1m away.
them. Find the separation between the bright stripes of
fourth order (K=4) corresponding to these lengths of
wave.
SOLUTION

the maximum condition applied to both lights leads us to:

PROBLEM 3

Determine the thickness of a soap bubble of index of


refraction 4/3 for constructive interference to occur
by reflection, if it is illuminated with monochromatic light of 650
nm, measured in a vacuum.

SOLUTION

The condition for maximum by reflection in thin films is:

with which for K=0, we obtain:

PROBLEM 4

It is introduced between the edges of two glass sheets.


overlaid, another sheet, in such a way that a
air wedge. Assuming the maximum separation of the sheets
h=5x10-3cm and the length l=4cm. Calculate the number of stripes
of interference that will occur due to refraction in each cm
illuminating the system normally with light of 6250 A.
SOLUTION

The maxima due to refraction will occur in the places where


the thickness of the air wedge is:

The first maximum will form at a distance d from the vertex of the
wedge, which we will be able to calculate by the proportion

expressing all lengths in cm:

the number of lines per centimeter will be:

PROBLEM 5

We move the movable mirror of an interferometer.


Michelson, ready to produce fringes for us of
circular interference, a distance of 10-4m; if they sprout 400
bright circles and we assume that the lighting is done with
monochromatic light, determine the wavelength of the light
used.

SOLUTION

As we know, a central maximum corresponds to a


thickness of the planar parallel air sheet produced by the
Michelson interferometer
to produce a maximum more (a new shoot), we will have to
increase the thickness in

From the two previous equations, it is obtained:

then for N sprouts (or disappearances) of maximum circles by


we will have to shift the center of the interference figure
the movable mirror of the Michelson interferometer:

PROBLEM 6

A thin sheet of a transparent substance with index


of refraction , It is inserted perpendicular to the axis of a beam of light.
of wavelength in one of its arms of the interferometer
of Michelson; if N sprouts occur when interspersing said sheet,
calculate its thickness.

SOLUTION

The inserted layer produces a change in the optical path of


the light from L (thickness of the sheet) for the vacuum, up to nL;
then the difference in optical paths in the two steps of the
light through the sheet is: 2(n-1)L. To compensate for this
displacement, the mirror would have to move an increment
of d, introducing a difference in the thickness of the sheet of
air whose value would be double, consequently:
PROBLEM 7

The largest radio telescope in the world is in Arecibo.


(Puerto Rico); what is the separating power for detection of
radio waves with a wavelength of 5.2 cm, knowing that their
is the diameter 1000 feet?

(1 foot = 0.3048 m)

SOLUTION

Taking into account that D=304.8 m. we will have:

and the separating power:

PROBLEM 8

Light hits a slit 0.2 mm wide.


monochromatic collimated light of 600 nm wavelength. If the
the observation screen of the diffraction figure is located
in the focal plane of a converging lens of 0.5 diopters, at the
that the light arrives after passing through the slit, determine:

1. The position of the two first dark stripes with respect to


midpoint of the central bright strip.
2. The width of the central bright band.
SOLUTION

1) The position of the first minimum has been drawn in the figure.
intensity in P, at the distance x1of O; whose value is:

being f' = 2 m, the angle it is very small, confusing the


tangent with the angle of this formula, and the sine with the angle
in the minimum condition we obtain:

for the same reason the second minimum (K=2) will be found from
O:

2) The width of the central strip will be:

PROBLEM 9

A lens is diaphragm-mounted and has an aperture.


1 cm in diameter; its focal length is 50 cm and is
illuminated with monochromatic light of 600 nm in length
wave. Find the radius of the central disk of the diffraction pattern
observed on a screen located at the focal plane of the lens.

SOLUTION

A lens is a circular aperture, so the image of a


point will be a diffraction diagram; however and as
let's see in this problem, the radius of the lens, is in
it is so large compared to the wavelength of light, that
we can do without this phenomenon in the majority of the
cases. Indeed: the first minimum of intensity occurs
for:

consequently, for such a small angle:

For practical purposes, this radio is so small that we can


to disregard him and say that the image is a point.

PROBLEM 10

Determine the limit angle of resolution and the power


separator of the Hale telescope at Mount Palomar for a
wavelength of 555 nm, knowing that its diameter is
5.08 m.

SOLUTION

The value of the limiting resolution angle for such a circle:

so any pair of stars that subtend an angle


greater than or equal to this, will have resolution in the telescope.

The separating power will be:


PROBLEM 1.

Two slits separated by 1mm are illuminated.


with red light of wavelength 6 x 10-7m. The stripes of
interference is observed on a screen placed 1m from
the grooves.

1. Measure the distance between two bright stripes and between two
consecutive darks.
2. Determine the distance at which the third one is located.
dark band and the bright fifth of the central band.

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 2.

1. Check if a source is positioned at a distance of


a Fresnel biprism with refractive index n y
angleVery small, the distance between the two images
sa = 2( n-1)Ad, where A is in radians.
2. Calculate the space of the green light strips of length
of wave 5 x 10-7m produced by a source located at
5cm of the biprism, which has a refractive index of
1.5 and an angle of 2º. The screen is 1m from the biprism.

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 3.

Two synchronized sound sources send waves of equal


intensity at a frequency of 680Hz. The sources are
separated by 0.75m. The speed of sound in air is 340m-
1
Halle the minimum intensity positions:

On a line that passes through the sources.


2. In a plane that is the perpendicular bisector of the line
that unites the sources.
3. In the plane that contains both sources.
4. Is the intensity zero at any of the minima?

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 4.

The first multiple radio interferometer, built in 1951,


consists of 32 antennas separated by 7m each. The system is
tuned to a wavelength of 21cm. Therefore, the
the system is equivalent to 32 equally spaced sources.

Halle the angular separation between principal maxima


successive.
2. Determine the angular width of the central maximum. Compare it
maximum intensity with that of a reflector. What are
What are the advantages of this interferometric distribution?

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 5.

Two glass plates of 5cm in length are placed with a


extreme in contact and separated on the other by a thin strip
of paper, thus forming an air prism. When illuminated the
prism perpendicularly with light of 5.9 x 10-7meters long
of the wave, 42 dark stripes are observed. Find the thickness of
the sheet of paper.

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 6.

How does the fundamental frequency change of a


rope if it bends:
Its tension.
2. Its mass per unit length.
3. Your radio.
4. Its length?

Repeat the problem if the mentioned quantities are decreased.


in the middle.

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 7.

Estimate the percentage change in the fundamental frequency of


a column of air, open at both ends, by degree of
change in temperature to a temperature of 27ºC.

SOLUTION

PROBLEM 8.

An interferometric device used in radio astronomy


consists of two radio telescopes separated by a certain
distance. The antennas can be oriented in directions
different, but they always remain parallel.
1. Check the incident addresses for which the
the resulting signal is maximum is sin =n What
what advantages does this device have over using a single one
antenna?
2. Make a polar plot of the signal intensity as
angle function .
3. In an interferometer like this, which operates at a
wavelength of 11cm, the distance between the two
Radio telescopes can be adjusted up to 2700m. Find the
angle subtended by the maximum of central intensity at
the largest separation of the telescopes.

SOLUTION

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SOLUTIONS

PROBLEM 1

0.65 mm
2. 1.62 mm
3.25 mm

Return to the Statement

PROBLEM 2

0.29 mm

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PROBLEM 3

There are two minimums between the sources, at 1/8 m on each side.
from the midpoint; outside each source, the condition is
always minimal
none, the plan is of constructive interference

Return to the Statement


PROBLEM 4

1. 0.11º = 1.9 x 10-3rad


2. 1.72º

Return to the Statement

PROBLEM 5

1.18 x 10-5m

Return to the Statement

PROBLEM 6

Increase by a factor of 2-2


Decrease by a factor of 4
In the middle
4. To the half

Return to the statement


PROBLEM 7

2.88%

Return to the Statement

PROBLEM 8

4" OF ARCH

Return to the Statement

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