NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FROM THE CENTER OF PERU

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Preparation of moisturizing cream based on

OF ALOE VERA

CHAIR:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PROJECTS

PROFESSOR:

Ms. LUIS ABEL ORELLANA LAZO

STUDENTS:

ALEJO OCHOA LUZVID ROXANA

BONIFACIO DIAZ CECILIA

HUANCAYO 2017
 Content
CHAPTER I. 6

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMA .6

1.2 LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. 8

2.1 BACKGROUND........................................................................................... 8

2.2 THEORETICAL BASES ...................................................................................... 11

2.2.1 Aloe VeraA .......................................................................................... 11

2.2.2 CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 12

2.2.3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES: ................................ 13

2.2.4 COSMETIC USE OF ALOE VERA ................................................... 14

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 16

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN ..................................................................... 16

3.2 TYPE OF RESEARCH .......................................................................... 16

3.3 POPULATION IDENTIFICATIONN .16

3.4 SHOWA .................................................................................................... 16

3.5 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES................................................ 17

3.6 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS ..................................... 17

3.7 METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRESENTATION OF THE DESCRIBED WORKO .17

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS............................. 19

CHAPTER V MARKET STUDYO..................................................................... 27

5.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE MARKET STUDYO ................................................ 27

5.1.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVEL........................................................................... 27

5.1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES............................................................ 27

5.1.3 VARIABLES .......................................................................................... 27

5.2 INDICATORS

5.2.1 PRODUCTO .......................................................................................... 28

5.2.2 DEMAND ............................................................................................ 28

 5.2.3 OFFER................................................................................................ 28

5.2.4 PRECIO................................................................................................. 28

5.2.5 COMMERCIAL STRATEGIES........................................................... 28

5.3 RECOGNIZED BRANDSS........................................................................... 29

5.3.1 BABARIA............................................................................................... 29

5.3.2 ALOE VERA CALMALOE 2500 .

5.3.3 ALOEVERA Sabila ................................................................................ 30

5.3.4 TOTALIST4 ALOE VERA ...................................................................... 31

5.3.5 Aloe Vera Hydrating Facial Cream.................................. 31

5.4 DEMAND ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 32

5.4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CURRENT DEMANDL ..................................... 33

5.4.2 DEMAND PROJECTION......................................................... 33

5.5 ANALYSIS OF THE OFFER................................................................. 34

5.5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE OFFER ACTUAL ....................................... 34

5.5.2 OFFER PROJECTIONA ............................................................ 35

5.5.3 ADVANTAGES OVER THE COMPETITION ......................................... 36

5.5.4 DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO THE COMPETITION .................................. 36

5.6 POTENTIAL DEMAND TO SATISFY .................................................... 37

5.7 PRICE ANALYSIS................................................................. 38

5.7.1 DETERMINATION OF PRICE .......................................................... 38

5.7.2 PRICE PROJECTIONO ................................................................ 38

5.8 COMMERCIAL STRATEGIES.................................................................. 38

5.8.1 PRODUCT STRATEGIES ........................................................ 38

5.8.2 PRICE STRATEGIESO .39

5.8.3 PROMOTION STRATEGIES ........................................................ 39

5.8.4 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES ..................................... 39

5.9 CONCLUSIONS OF THE MARKET STUDY........................................ 40

CHAPTER VI TECHNICAL STUDYO............................................................................ 41

6.1 LOCATION OPTIMAL OF THE PROJECT ................................................ 41

 6.1.1 MACROLOCALIZATIONN .41

6.1.2 MICRO LOCATION:....................................................................... 42

6.2 SIZE OF PROJECT ........................................................................ 45

6.2.1 FACTORS THAT DEFINE SIZE: ........................................... 45

6.3 PLANT CAPACITY:...................................................................... 47

6.4 DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLANT FACILITIES: ...................... 47

6.5 PRODUCTION PROCESS:.................................................................... 48

6.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS .......................... 48

CHAPTER VII ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. 49

7.1 BASIC CONCEPTS ........................................................................... 49

7.2 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN.......................................................... 50

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL COST.................................................................................... 50

7.4 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY................................................................... 50

7.5 STAGES OF THE PROCESS............................... 51

7.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT OR ACTIVITY TO BE CARRIED OUTR ............ 51

7.5.2 BREAKDOWN OF THE PROJECT OR ACTIVITY INTO ITS PARTS

ELEMENTALS:.................................................................................................. 51

7.5.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE THAT CHARACTERIZES THE ENVIRONMENT:... 51

7.5.4 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS THROUGH CHECKLIST: . 51

7.5.5 EVALUATION AND DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 53

CHAPTER VIII COMPANY ORGANIZATION. 54

8.1 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF THE COMPANYFACE CREAM..................................... 55

8.2 JOB DESCRIPTION ...................................................................... 55

8.2.1 Manager ................................................................................................. 55

8.2.2 Production manager ................................................................................ 56

8.2.3 Marketing Managerg ............................................................................ 56

8.2.4 Human Resources Manager .............................................................. 57

8.2.5 Operations Manager .............................................................................. 58

8.2.6 Laboratory heado................................................................................. 59

 8.2.7 Laboratory workerso ........................................................................ 59

8.2.8 Production workers ............................................................... 59

8.2.9 Maintenance workers.................................................................. 60

8.2.10 Counter 60

8.2.11 Marketing ................................................................................... 61

8.3 COMPENSATIONS FOR POSITIONS ............................................................. 61

CHAPTER IX CONSTITUTION OF THE COMPANY. 63

8.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE MICROENTERPRISEA................................................. 63

8.4.1 STRATEGIC ASPECTS .............................................................. 63

 CHAPTER I
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Most people when they decide to acquire and use a product

cosmetic to protect and beautify the skin of your face they ask: what are they made of?
Are the facial creams that are found on the market made? The answer is simple.
According to Atherton (1997), facial creams have several standardized components:

Preservatives: such as essential oils or synthetic parabens, including ethyls,

propyl or butyl.

Emulsifiers: such as linolenic acids that are commonly used to ensure a mixture
uniform and consistent.

Humectants: (retain water), such as glycol or glycerin. They are often used.
mineral oil derivatives that extract water from the air to the surface of the skin and prevent
as well as the product losing water and drying out.

Silicone: it is often added to provide a pleasant texture and make the

easier application.

However, most of the active ingredients in facial creams

they contain one or more of these components. One of the ones that stands out for having
the majority is Aloe Vera. Becket (2003) argues that 'this is an essential compound
that quickly penetrates the skin and transmits vital nutrients to the epidermis, eliminates
the dead cells and stimulates the growth of living cells

That is why it is understood that many facial creams have as the "active component" the
aloe vera. The problem is that, as has already been seen, those creams are added to
a nearly insignificant amount of aloe.

1.2 LIMITATIONS
Every research faces a series of setbacks that constitute a
limitations or obstacles for its development. In the particular case of
In the study, the greatest limitation was the participants' skepticism regarding the use
of handcrafted facial creams, as they consider them to be less
more effective than those manufactured industrially. Likewise, the fact of ignoring the
growing time of the Aloe Vera plant for the preparation of facial cream, given

6
that is not sure if it has more than three (03) years, which represents the ideal period
for the use of said plant. However, upon knowing the properties of
this plant for the beautification, protection, and rejuvenation of the skin, you all
this attitude has diminished, as it gives them the opportunity to elaborate them themselves
same.

7
 CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 BACKGROUND
The electronic journal [Link] (2010) published an article where
they present some important research related to the Aloe Vera plant.
Firstly, they argue that the scientific name is Aloe vera Linnaeus and belongs
to the family Liliaceae. This medicinal plant has a short stem and fleshy leaves.
few in number, curved at the tip and with spiny edges; the flowers are
abundant and directed downwards; lives in warm, semi-warm, semi-dry, dry climates
and warm.

Despite its appearance, similar to that of a miniature maguey, this plant is not
native to America, but from Africa, and as happened with other species, was brought to
American territory, where he found ideal conditions to grow.

They continue to say that aloe vera pulp easily penetrates skin and tissues, where
acts as an excellent moisturizer, anti-inflammatory, natural cleanser (contains at least
six antiseptic agents: lupeol, salicylic acid, urea nitrogen, cinnamic acid,
phenol and sulfur) and anesthetic (very effective for muscular and joint pain).
It also helps to calm nerves and promotes cellular regeneration.

Regarding its use in cosmetology, it is considered as a 'Magic for the

skin", due to its diverse phytotherapeutic uses, although they are focused on
mainly for skin care due to its ability to clean, hydrate, tone,
to expel bacteria and remove grease deposits. When used regularly, in
creams or masks, prevent the emergence of premature wrinkles, eliminate stains
caused by the Sun and reduces the diameter of open pores.

In addition to the above, soap and cream made with the extracts of this plant are used
in the treatment of acne (common in adolescence), as aloe vera stimulates the
deep layers of the skin, prevents the blockage of follicles, eliminates bacteria and, in
consequently, it eliminates the accumulation of fat. In addition, these products can
gradually reduce the scars that arise due to this problem, when they
They use regularly for a few months.

Likewise, aloe vera applied after shaving gives good results.

that in a few moments regenerates many of the cells damaged by the passage of the
razor blade and provides a great sense of relief.

8
In this sense, it is equally effective after hair removal, as it prevents rashes,
granites and redness. Likewise, the extract of this plant is also used
in the preparation of:

Sunscreens, as they protect against burns caused by rays.

ultraviolet (UV), while preventing dryness and aging due to
its nutrients and antioxidants.
Lip balm, thanks to its nourishing and moisturizing power, is useful for treating
and prevent dryness issues.
Massage gel, because it revitalizes and provides a pleasant sensation.
of heat.
Stretch mark creams, as they help regenerate along with other substances.
de-inflame, hydrate and smooth the skin.

This plant is a profound aid in the care and protection of the skin. In certain
published results in the United States indicate that the application of cream based on
this plant species in people who have suffered some type of frostbite reduces
the damage to the tissues, a situation that is due to the fact that aloe strengthens circulation
blood-related. In addition, another research published in the Surgical Journal,
dermatology and oncology in the United States revealed that the use of this species
reduces the recovery time of people whose face was subjected to treatment
surgical.

On the other hand, there are studies still in the experimental phase in which aloe plays
important role in human health; therefore, before using any manufactured product
Based on aloe vera, it is recommended to seek advice from a doctor specialized in phytotherapy.
or dermatology, and if one is under treatment, it should never be replaced, unless
that the physician authorizes it. Finally, it is advisable to resort to the use of products
of proven quality, that have been produced by recognized laboratories
prestige.

Montoya (2010), in his article "Aloe vera, a great friend of the skin," published in the
The Health Magazine claims that aloe vera is a plant with a well-deserved reputation for its
medicinal and aesthetic qualities, as it moisturizes and reduces inflammation of the skin, it possesses

healing properties and relieves burns, among other applications. Aloe vera
has two derivatives that are very useful for human beings; both are
they obtain after making a longitudinal cut in their leaves, and they are distinguished by their
location and color. On one side is aloin, a viscous and yellowish substance,

9
located about 2 or 3 millimeters beneath the hard shell and responsible for making the aloe vera

has laxative properties.

Likewise, most of the leaf contains a transparent pulp with a texture.

gelatinous, bitter, that is obtained by removing the thorns and the peel, or by scraping the
meat center with a wooden or metal spatula.

In general terms, aloe vera is mainly composed of water (6% to 10%) and
resin (40% to 80%), but also by a significant amount of nutrients
(approximately 70) with valuable therapeutic action.

The industries, both pharmaceutical and cosmetic, have taken advantage of the friendly
virtues of aloe vera and has made it an indispensable active ingredient in
important amount of products that nourish, protect, and enhance the appearance of
the different areas of the body:

Gel or juice. It is used to keep the skin softer, more elastic, and resilient.
and protected; it is also useful in the treatment of burns, minor wounds
and insect bites.
Sunscreens. Various products of this type include aloe vera, as it provides protection.
of burns caused by ultraviolet (UV) rays, while preventing
dryness and aging due to its nutrients and antioxidants.
Shampoos and rinses. In particular, aloe vera helps with the health of the scalp.
hairy, as it restores its cellular balance and regulates the production of
fat; it has also been observed that it forms a film over the hair that
It protects against contamination, dirt, and ultraviolet radiation.
•Hair treatments. Some of these products are used to moisturize.
and deeply nourish, to treat delicate scalps or to control
excess fat and dandruff.
Anti-aging creams. Given that aloe vera has high nutritional power and
cleaner, as well as with significant contribution of antioxidants, is used
in high concentration to help the skin regain softness, elasticity and
consistency. It also promotes the reduction of wrinkles and spots on the
areas of the body most affected, such as the face, neck, and hands.
Body creams and lotions. These products hydrate and regenerate tissues.
but they contain less aloe vera than those formulated to reverse
Aging is only preventive, not curative.
•Stretch mark creams. Together with other substances, this plant helps to regenerate,
to reduce inflammation, hydrate and soften the skin, thus preventing the appearance of stretch marks.

10
 Furthermore, in case these pinkish or whitish lines are already present
improves healing and even reduces its presence.
•Acne treatments. There are moisturizers formulated for care.
oily skin or with pimples and blackheads, which include extracts of this plant;
they achieve deep pore cleansing and prevent the accumulation of cells
dead and impurities.
Massage gels. They provide a pleasant feeling of warmth, and they are
formulated to quickly reach the deep layers of the skin, to which
revitalize.
Shaving foams and aftershaves. Male skin is particularly
favored by this plant, as it provides quick relief from irritation and tiny
cuts generated by the action of the rake on the face.
Lip balm. It is used in the treatment of dry and cracked lips.
due to its high nutritional and moisturizing power; it is also useful for purposes
preventive.

As can be seen, the benefits of this plant for skin and body health
they are countless, so the use of these products should be considered, taking into account
rarely cause allergies. However, the use of aloe vera should be suspended.
if you notice adverse reactions, such as skin redness, swelling
and the emergence of welts or pimples, and one should consult a doctor immediately.
familiar.

The previous background highlights the great cosmetic potential that

represent the Aloe Vera plant as an active agent in the formulation of creams
facials for skin protection and beautification.

2.2 THEORETICAL BASES

2.2.1 ALOE VERA

Aloe (from Latin Aloe; from Greek Aloe) has more than 180 species of the aloe genus, but
the most beneficial plant is referred to as Aloe Vera L., Aloe vulgaris Lam.
Or also Aloe barbadensis Miller. It is not a cactus, despite its familial resemblance.
but it belongs to the lily family and is considered one of the largest
cellular regenerators that nature has provided. It is related to others.
members of the lily family, such as onion, garlic, and turnip. The plant
Aloe can grow up to 2 meters tall and has between 12 to 16 long leaves.
fleshy, from which a medicinal juice is extracted, resinous and with a very
bitter.

11
According to Thompson (2000), aloe is a perennial plant that features a trunk.
woody plant between 30 and 50 centimeters tall, topped by a rosette of two leaves
sandy and thorny covered surfaces with a
length of between 40 and 50 centimeters in height and between 5 and 10 in width. The stem
floral carries a cluster of hanging flowers, regular with the petals fused, in color
yellow and the fruit is a capsule.

It is a plant native to North Africa, growing in warm desert-type climates.

and is currently found in almost all of the African continent and others
The aloe consists of three layers: The outer green and solid cover. A viscous
jelly in which a series of vascular bulges tied to the inner surface stand out
from the skin.

The fillet, which has a structure integrated in turn by hexagonal structures.

they store the fluid of the fillet.

There are different types of Aloe, however, in this section only the
most important and well-known species described by Sosa (2007), such as the following.

a) Aloe Barbadensis Mill: known as Barbados Aloe, is a species

originating from North Africa characterized by having a short trunk and flowers
yellows. It is closely related to Aloe Vera and Aloe Vulgaris.

b) Aloe ferox Mill: known as Cape Aloe. Unlike the Aloe

Barbadensis, its trunk is long and its flowers are scarlet.

Aloe Saponaria Haw

d) Aloe Vahombe

2.2.2 CHARACTERISTICS
It is a perennial plant, native to Southern Africa, also cultivated in
many tropical and subtropical countries.

It belongs to the family of Liliaceae, like Garlic and Onions. Just like many
Common garden aloes: Aloe Saponaria, Aloe Arborencents, Aloe Estriata, etc.
It has the appearance of a small atzavara (when it is adult, about 60cm long). It is color
light green when it doesn't get much sun, and brownish when it gets a lot.
sun and little water. The children usually have white spots when they are small,
that disappear as they grow up and become older.

When the plant is two or three years old, it grows a stem with one or more ends, and from
Yellow flowers hang. When a cut is made on the leaf, in more or less
12
amount, it can be observed that it secretes a yellowish-green liquid, among the pulp
and the skin: it is the serum, an element that was previously used in the production of
Master formulas. The smell and taste are bitter. One must proceed with great care.
with the clothes because server stains are very difficult to clean.

2.2.3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES:

Water, Resin, Aloin, Enzymes, Proteins, Vitamins: B12, B6, B5, B, A, and C
Amino acids and trace elements: Manganese, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Aluminum, Iron
Zinc, Cobre, Plata, Cromo, Fósforo y Titanio. Germanio.

Chemical Analysis: Aloe Vera has great beneficial properties for health.
general, but its basis is grounded in the chemical composition of the plant. As
therapeutic effects based on the chemical analysis Newal et al. (2006), describe the
following:

ALOEMODINA - Acts on the intestinal mucosa, regulating its function.

ALOETINA - Bactericidal and antiviral, neutralizes the effect of toxins.
microbial.
ALOMITINA - Prevents and controls the spread of certain forms
carcinogenic.
• ALOEOLEINA - Improves duodenal and stomach ulcers. In addition to this,
buffer effect that decreases acidity.
•EMOLINA, EMODINA, BARBALOINA - Through organic reactions,
they generate salicylic acid with analgesic and antipyretic effect. CREATININE - Result
fundamental in the reactions of storage and transmission of energy.
SAPONINS - Antiseptic.
CARRISINA - Strengthens the immune system. Increases defenses.
AMINO ACIDS - Involved in the formation of proteins; also
fundamentals for the immune system.
Vitamins - Beneficial for all functions of the human body and
general health.
MUCILAGE - In general: emollient activity on the skin.
Mannose Phosphate - It specifically acts as a growth agent
the tissues. Its healing effect on various ulcers was verified,
especially oral.
MINERALS - Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sodium, copper
essential in each of the physiological processes.

13
2.2.4 COSMETIC USE OF ALOE VERA
Among the uses of aloe vera, it serves as a cosmetic product, both as a base for the product.
as an essential component of it, thanks to its regenerative properties. From
according to Becket (2003), its use encompasses:

Skin treatment:

Aloe penetrates into the three layers of the skin: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
expelling bacteria and the fat deposits that clog the pores. At the same
time, the action of natural nutrients, minerals, vitamins, the
Amino acids and the enzymes stimulate the reproduction of new cells. Also
it is an important cellular regenerator, wound healer, toning agent, and has high penetration in
the skin. When used regularly, it prevents premature wrinkles and slows down the natural ones.
of age. It reduces the size of open pores and can be used under makeup.

As aloe is astringent, its use should be combined with a moisturizing cream,

preferably that it contains aloe among its components. It is an excellent sunscreen of
ultraviolet rays and removes sun spots if used for a period
length of time. Aloe, used after shaving, yields good results, as
in a few moments it regenerates many of the broken cells from the passage of the razor blade.
Thus, using an aftershave lotion will provide a great sense of relief.
Likewise, in this regard, it is very effective when used after waxing: it prevents
eruptions, pimples, and redness, quickly closing the dilated pores. It is also
very effective in the prevention or elimination of small stretch marks.

Hydrating the skin with oil or cream after the aloe has penetrated in
the skin is very important.

Other uses of aloe vera:

This ancient plant has a multiplicity of applications that range from

medicine, including cosmetology, due to its pharmacological properties. Thompson
(2000), highlights that among its uses, there are:

1.- Applications of pure gel or cream, acts as a moisturizing agent, to relieve

inflammations and promote the healing of skin subjected to burns, whether they are
these are due to sun exposure or as a result of skin damage. It is also applied for regeneration
dermal tissue (Dermatitis), psoriasis, allergies.

2.- The capsules or pills that contain the dehydrated gel through a process of
lyophilization, (evaporation of water at low temperature and high vacuum), which allows

14
they keep the active natural compounds intact, they are used as analgesics and
nutritional supplement as positive effects have been found on
cancerous diseases, and those that affect the digestive system.

3.- The gel, in the form of a refreshing drink, is used for the control of disorders.
digestives, as well as to revitalize and detoxify the body. In the market there
they find different types of drinks, whether natural or sweetened with juice
fruits.

4.- From the Aloe Vera pulp, aloin is extracted, which is a component with
antioxidant properties and therefore, it intervenes as an ingredient in the preparation of
facial creams, sunscreens, vitamin complexes, etc.

Product For Before And After Sun: Helps prevent sunburns and
It is also very effective for soothing skin that has been exposed to the sun for a long time.

The Massage: The benefits for the skin are incredible by mixing aloe vera with the
oils. In fact, several American sports teams use it for the
massages of their players.

Dark Skin Spots and Psoriasis: They are reduced by applying three times a day for
several months. Many reports describe results that are not quick, but rather
definitive.

Deodorant: It is ideal for those looking for a natural alternative and can be
used instead or in combination with others.

Skin Care: Wrinkles, Tone, and Texture: It is a biogenic stimulant that activates and
it revitalizes skin cells. With its use, loose tissues begin to tone up,
Wrinkles soften and tend to disappear. As it penetrates and dries quickly.
It can be used under makeup.

Stretch marks: Applying creams with Aloe on the abdomen during and after pregnancy
After childbirth, stretch marks gradually reduce.

15
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
Field design: Since the information was collected directly from reality; it is
to speak from primary sources.

3.2 TYPE OF RESEARCH

Documentary research: Since it conducts an analysis of secondary sources, that is to say,
material prepared by other authors with the aim of expanding and deepening the
knowledge about the research topic.

3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE POPULATION

For the research, I took into account the population of the students of the Faculty
of Chemical Engineering from the National University of the Center of Peru (XII-IX
semester), both women and men, as consumers of moisturizing cream.
According to the enrollment registration form, the number of students at the Faculty of
Chemical Engineering is

3.4 SAMPLE
Considering that the population represented by both genders is large,
applied the sampling. Using the following formula:

( 2) ∗ ∗ ∗ ( )
= 2
( )∗( () + ) 2∗ ∗
Where:

N = Population size
n = Sample size
e = Maximum allowable error of the sample size (5%)
p = it is the positive variability
Confidence level (95%)
what is negative variability

Data:

N = 600
Z = 1.96

16
 0.05
p = 0.50
q = 0.50

Replacing the data in the equation:

2 ( *) 0.5
( *) 600
(1.96)* 0.5
= 2 ( + ) 1.96∗
(0.05)∗ 600 ( 2 ) (∗ (0.5)
0.5 )

n = 40

Applying the formula, it shows a sample of people who will be surveyed.

3.5 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

The techniques used for data collection were the survey and the
scientific observation, for the purpose of requiring the necessary information from a group
socially significant about the problem under study, and then, through a
quantitative analysis, extract the relevant conclusions from the data
collected.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

The instrument to be used was the questionnaire, as it is the tool used by
the researcher to gather information about the phenomenon they are investigating. To such
As a result, a dichotomous modality instrument consisting of eight items was designed.

3.7 METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRESENTATION OF THE DESCRIBED WORK

17
 Table No. 1: Work Methodology

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY TOOL SUBJECT SOURCE

Analyze the offer and visit supermarkets and large chains of Marketing Marketing and Cosmetics Book
demand to identify if surfaces for analyzing supermarkets, sales Book Foundations of
the product to be developed market behavior and the catalog and stores Marketing
fulfils with the competition Survey for cosmetics Format of
characteristics desired to determine tastes and preferences of the survey
for the audience. the users
Carry out a Study Documenting the clear processes of Process Guides, Ethics Law Formulation Book y
organizational Production of the moisturizing cream Computer, Books of Project Evaluation
considering aspects that meet the legal guidelines supporting the market Investment
legal and health production and environmental care cosmetic
clean for product a Regulation
to carry out
Carry out a study Analyze the market with visits and Valuation measurement and Finance
and Book of Formulation y
financial for considering data collection or price checking, value management Economy Project Evaluation
the feasibility of the project in order to determine the variables of Investment
regarding price costs and production costs
assembly, profitability and
expected sustainability in
a period of 5 years

18
 CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
In the research, the data and results that were obtained through the application of the
questionnaire for the students of the Professional School of Chemical Engineering of the
Faculty of Chemical Engineering of the National University of the Center of Peru (XII-
Ninth semester), first they were tabulated, later the analysis was conducted
respective and the presentation of the results in demonstrative graphs, as well as their
respective reference analysis. The data is shown in graphs below.
resulting from the research:

Do you know about aloe vera and its benefits for the skin?

YES 25
NO 15

Do you know about aloe vera and its

benefits for the skin?

38%

62%

YES NO

ANALYSIS

In the present item, 62% of responses were positive and 38% were negative.
of the surveyed individuals regarding the fact that a large majority of them knows the
aloe vera and its benefits for the skin. This information demonstrates our knowledge of
active component which will not be unknown our product (facial cream) based on
from aloe vera.

2. Have you ever used moisturizing creams?

19
 YES 26
NO 14

Have you ever used creams?

moisturizers?

35%

65%

NO

Analysis:

Regarding item 2, respondents answered 35% for the NO alternative and 65%
for the YES alternative. These results suggest that there are few people who
They do not use any type of facial cream. It may possibly be due to a lack of knowledge.
about the cosmetic properties of aloe vera, as well as the fact of the high cost of the
industrially manufactured facial creams. All this contributes to proposing the
handmade production of facial creams based on aloe vera as a
an economical and easy alternative to obtain a high-quality cosmetic product
and low cost.

Would you buy a plant-based moisturizing cream?

YES 33
NO 7

20
 Would you buy a cream?
plant-based moisturizer?

18%

82%

YES NO

ANALYSIS

The majority of respondents (82%) chose the YES option, that is, they showed
interested in acquiring and using aloe vera based facial cream. This puts in
evidence the fact that people are less skeptical towards the use of a
cosmetic product if you know the properties and benefits of the active component
that contains it. Hence, a promotional campaign about aloe vera
and its cosmetic property is important to promote this medicinal plant and its
properties.

4. If you would buy a moisturizing cream made with aloe vera. What do you
would it be of interest at the time of purchase?

PRICE 15
BRAND 16
QUALITY 9

21
 If you would buy a cream
moisturizer What would interest him/her
moment to buy?

23%
37%

40%

Price Brand Quality

ANALYSIS

40% of respondents prefer to buy a moisturizing cream considering

the brand and a 37% taking into account its price; therefore the creams
handcrafted products should have a low production cost as well as a plan
of marketing.

If you were to buy a moisturizing cream, where would you buy your cream?
favorite moisturizer?

SUPERMARKET 15
BEAUTY CATALOG 12
Neighborhood store 10
SPA 3

22
 If you would buy a cream
moisturizer Where do you buy your
favorite moisturizing cream?
8%

25% 37%

30%

Supermarket Beauty catalog Neighborhood store Spa

ANALYSIS

Most respondents buy the moisturizer at the supermarket (37%)

and in beauty catalogs (30%) therefore our sales market is these two
options; that is to say our product must be incorporated in supermarkets
recognized and in catalogs of greater acceptance.

6. If you were to buy a moisturizing cream, in what form would you buy it?
moisturizing cream?

SACHET 18
POMO 22

23
 If you would buy a cream
moisturizer In what presentation?
Would you buy their moisturizing cream?

45%
55%

Sachet Pomo

ANALYSIS

In item 6, 55% of respondents buy their moisturizing cream in a bottle which

our handcrafted moisturizing cream must be sold in a bottle in
larger amount.

7. If you were to use moisturizer, how often do you buy cream?

moisturizer?

WEEKLY 10
DIARY 5
MONTHLY 10
Quarterly 15

24
 If you used moisturizer
How often do you buy cream?
moisturizer?

25%
38%

12%

25%

Weekly Diary Monthly Quarterly

ANALYSIS

38% of those surveyed would purchase the moisturizing cream quarterly, with
relation to the previous item; which shows that the majority buy their moisturizing cream.
in a bottle; therefore the volume capacity of the moisturizing cream should be
necessary for it to last 3 months.

8. If you used moisturizer, how many times a week do you use creams?
humectants?

1a2 19
3 to 4 14
DIARY 7

How many times a week do you use

moisturizing creams?
18%

47%

35%

1a2 3 to 4 Diary

9. What are the average sales of aloe vera-based moisturizing creams?

25
 ALTERNATIVE FREQUENCY %
50 to 100 3 25
100 to 150 5 42
150 to 200 4 33
TOTAL 12 100

ANALYSIS

42% of the investigated cases show an average of sales in the cream of

100 to 150 units, this product has a sales volume higher than others
contents, followed by 33% who claim that the average sales are 150 to
200 units and finally there are those who claim to have an average of
sales of 50 to 100 units.

26
 CHAPTER V
MARKET STUDY
This market study seeks to determine the feasibility of production.
of moisturizing creams based on aloe vera, for which the collection was carried out
information on other products available in the market, where the research was conducted
the following variables such as: demand, supply, price, and marketing; which
they allow us to know important aspects.

For the analysis of the variables of the market study, surveys were applied to
consumers of products similar to those proposed by the project served as
key informants to determine relevant aspects such as: product description,
characterization of the consumer, similar products, substitutes, advertising of the
competition, location, pricing, competitors' prices, identification of
suppliers, service, distribution strategies.

5.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE MARKET STUDY

5.1.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
Establish the demand, existing supply in the market and the prices of the product.
through the research on the production of moisturizing creams based on
aloe vera.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Determine the characteristics and presentation of the proposed product.
project.
Analyze the demand for aloe vera-based moisturizing cream that is
markets in the city.
Learn about the offer of aloe vera-based moisturizing cream that is
market in the city.
Conduct an analysis and determination of the price of moisturizing cream based on
aloe vera that is sold in the city.
Design the marketing strategies for the sale of moisturizing cream to
aloe vera base.

5.1.3 VARIABLES
Product
Demand
Offer
Price

27
 Marketing Strategies

INDICATORS
5.2.1 PRODUCT
Acquisition of the cream
Type of products
Type of presentation
Product benefits
Brands

5.2.2 DEMAND
Purchase frequency
Purchase decision
Destination of money
Purchase amount
Motivation for purchase
Place of purchase
Media
Purchase agreement

5.2.3 OFFER
Type of activity
Distribution place
Acquisition frequency
Supplier origin
Sales method
Average sales
Product brands
Presentation preference
Variety in presentation

5.2.4 PRECIO
Purchase price
Selling price
Pricing

5.2.5 COMMERCIAL STRATEGIES

Product

28
 Price
Advertising
Square

5.3 RECOGNIZED BRANDS

5.3.1 BABARIA

Aloe Vera has healing, regenerating properties, it is moisturizing and

anti-inflammatory
The combination of Vitamin C and E delays the onset of wrinkles.
The sunscreen protects against sunburns.

Size:

50 ml jar

Price:

31.99 nuevos soles

5.3.2 ALOE VERA CALMALOE 2500

Calmaloe 2500 is an advanced ultra-modern cream, designed

especially for very dry skin, composed of an active aloe vera emulsion
100% natural, Vitis vinifera and natural protection SPF 6.

29
This multi-action cream contains a large amount of polyphenols that act
synergistically with aloe vera correcting premature skin aging and
providing radiant and lively skin.

Enjoy the Aloe Vera-based cosmetics from the islands, with their properties
moisturizers, regenerating and anti-aging, from Canarias Cosmetics. A
true treasure of nature, coming from the Canaries, for a beauty
protected, preserved, and enhanced.

Active ingredients:

Water; Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera extract); Vitis vinifera oil (grape seed oil);
Cucumis sativus (cucumber extract); Cetearyl octanoate; Glyceryl stearate; Capric-
capric trigliceryde; Cetyl alcohol; Glycerin; Boswellia serrata gum; Butyl methoxy
dibenzoil methane; Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid; 4-Methyl benzilidene camphor ;
D-Panthenol Allantoin; Triethanolamine Sodium lauryl sulfate
Methylchloroisothiazolinone; Diimidazolidinyl urea; Potassium sorbate; Boric acid; Propyl
gallate; BHA; CI 19140; CI 42090; Parfum (fragance); Alpha-isomethylionone;
Citronellol; Geraniol; Benzyl alcohol; Cinnamyl alcohol; Coumarin; Eugenol; Linalool.

Instructions:

Apply morning and night on clean skin of the face and neck. Can be used as
foundation.

Size:

250 ml

Price:

22 euros = 84.76 new soles

5.3.3 ALOE VERA

30
Body cream, the base of its formulation is effective for skin care.
nourishing it and providing smoothness and elasticity, helping in the prevention or
elimination of small stretch marks and premature wrinkles. Rich in natural nutrients.
Estimula hidratación. Potencia el cuidado natural. Regenerador celular. Nutre la piel.

Size:

400 ml.

Price:

12.50 new soles

5.3.4 TOTALIST4 ALOE VERA

Multiactive cream that provides 4 benefits to maintain freshness and appearance

young
Cleans, hydrates, nourishes, and protects

With Aloe Vera, a natural ingredient that has moisturizing properties,

softeners and antioxidants

To clean: apply with circular motions and rinse it off.

To hydrate: nourish and protect: apply again until absorbed

Size:

100 g

Price:

45.00 new soles

5.3.5 ALOE VERA HYDRATING FACE CREAM

31
 Moisturizing and ultra-reconforting cream.
Encourages the natural softness and elasticity of the skin.
It is a legendary moisturizing cream used for thousands of years.

Size:

113 grams 4 ounces

Price:

49.00 new soles

5.4 DEMAND ANALYSIS

In the last five years, the demand for beauty products has skyrocketed not only
in Peru but in the whole world, to the point that the cosmetic industry generates in the country
about 350 million dollars annually and is growing at an average of 10%, according to
the Peruvian Association of Producers and Marketers of Cosmetics, Perfumes and
Personal Care Products (Pro cosmetics). A Peruvian with low income
spends an average of 30 dollars a year on beauty products and those of class
up to about 150 dollars, not counting beauty treatments and gym visits
All of this reflects the growing obsession with aesthetics and body wellness.

90% of the products are imported, with the main countries of origin being
Colombia, USA, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and France. The latter is a leader in exports.
of perfumes.

The cosmetics market is still a virgin sector, as until not long ago the
beauty products were only used on special occasions. This trend has
recently changed and sales figures are increasing year after year.

32
5.4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF CURRENT DEMAND
To establish the current demand for facial moisturizer, consideration was given to the
research conducted through surveys of the female population and
male, due to the fact that in almost total percentage they are the ones who use the product, to this

the market segment was questioned about the quantity and frequency of consumption,
specifically in question No. 7. The results are presented below. From
a population of 40 people composed of both sexes, 38% corresponds to
to the people who acquire a unit of moisturizer quarterly, followed
25% represents the people who acquire a unit on a monthly basis, so
as well as the 25% that represents the people who acquire weekly, and
finally the 12% that represents people acquire on a daily basis.

Table No. 2: Identification of the current demand for moisturizing cream

Population Frequency of Amount of Period of Demand

net of purchase buyer purchase purchase annual in
% people units
38 228 A unit 4.00 912
quarterly
600 25 150 One unit 12.00 1800
monthly
25 150 A unit 48.00 7200
weekly
12 72 A unit 350.00 25200
diary
total 100.00 600 35112.00

PREPARED BY: The authors

5.4.2 DEMAND PROJECTION

To project the demand, the growth index of the cosmetics sector was used.
and personal care products that is at 10% annually, according to Pro
cosmetics. Applying the following formula:

= 0 (1 + i)

Where:

33
 0=

=
= ñ

Table No. 3: Projection of the demand for facial moisturizing cream

Year Demand projection of
aloe vera moisturizing cream
2017 38623.2
2018 42485.52
2019 46734.072
2020 51407.4792
2021 56548.2271
2022 62203.0498
2023 68423.3548
2024 75265.6903
TOTAL 441690.5932

5.5 ANALYSIS OF THE OFFER

In Peru, there is an Association of Producers and Marketers of
Cosmetics, Perfumes, and Personal Care Products. This association is
made up of companies such as Avon, Yanbal, La Fabril, Johnson & Johnson, among others
others.

The commercial offer of the country is both local and international, however, the
Multinationals take 80% of the market. The national industry is in a state of
with the challenge of improving the technology used in the production processes to
to be able to compete with the competitor who imports products from abroad at a lower price.

5.5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CURRENT OFFER

To quantify the supply in the study area, 12 companies were surveyed between
marketers and distributors of this type of product such as creams
moisturizers based on aloe vera. Through the survey in question No. 8, where
the offered amount was investigated. Below are the results.

34
 Table No. 4: Current offer of moisturizing cream

No. Quantity Number of Offer

marketers average of days annual
and distributors daily sales cream
of cream of cream moisturizer
moisturizer moisturizer in units
3 75 365.00 82.125
5 125 228.125
4 175 255.500
12 375.00 365,00 565.750

PREPARED BY: The authors

5.5.2 PROJECTION OF THE SUPPLY

For the future offer of facial moisturizing cream, a parallel growth was used
the 10% demand corresponding to the growth trend of the sector of
cosmetics and personal care products, according to Pro cosmetics,
Considering that as the number of consumers increases, their needs grow.
acquire the products. Using the following formula.

= 0 (1 + i)

Where:

=
0=

=
= ñ

Table No. 5: Projection of the supply of facial moisturizing cream

Year Projection of cream supply
aloe vera moisturizer
2017 622.325
2018 684.558
2019 753.013

35
 2020 828.315
2021 911.146
2022 1002.260
2023 1102.4866
2024 1334.0089
TOTAL 7238.112506

5.5.3 ADVANTAGES OVER THE COMPETITION

Apparently, the product, not being traditionally commercial, seems to have
minimal advantages over the competition, but if we analyze together we will have
what:

Generating profits does not require producing on a large scale.

The product is handmade and crafted with natural plants.
Its economic performance is less sensitive to price drops.
Its demand abroad is growing, which helps to boost.
the exports.
It is expected that the increasing dynamism of the domestic market will favor a
solid in the production and consumption of non-traditional products.

5.5.4 DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO THE COMPETITION

Babaría, Calmaloe, Sábila, Totalist 4, Cream Portugal, are difficult companies to

achieve, since they possess the following:

Great capital which facilitates large production.

Very frequent and expensive advertising campaigns, this allows them to reach
clients with more ease.
Variety of products.
Market positioning.
Great brand recognition.
Product distribution in stores, supermarkets, commissaries, sales by
internet, etc.
Credit, card, etc.

These competitive advantages over our product are difficult to

to equal, but if it is possible to be followers and in the future good challengers.

36
5.6 POTENTIAL DEMAND TO BE MET
The potential demand to be met was established by comparing the demand with the
offer.

Table No. 6: Potential demand to be met for facial moisturizing cream

Year Projection of Projection of the Demand
the demand for cream offer potential to
the cream aloe moisturizer satisfy of
moisturizer truth the cream
moisturizer
2017 38623.2 622.325 38000.875
2018 42485.52 684.558 41800.962
2019 46734.072 753.013 45981.059
2020 51407.4792 828.315 50579.1642
2021 56548.2271 911.146 55637.0811
2022 62203.0498 1002.260 61200.7898
2023 68423.3548 1102.4866 67320.8682
2024 75265.6903 1334.0089 73931.6814
TOTAL 441690.5932 7238.112506 434452.481

As can be seen in the previous table, there is a potential demand for

satisfy, due to many reasons such as: the existence of different types of creams
that are mostly chemical products, which can cause harm to the skin such as
dryness, spots, cloth among others since they contain preservatives and others
chemical substances that instead of improving appearance cause damage.

This is why the aloe vera-based cream does not contain chemicals and because of its
nutritional and natural composition: does an excellent job on people's skin
especially in those with dry skin, because the cream, besides being
exfoliant is moisturizing and can remove the dead cells that are the
causative factors of the spots that appear at an early age and leave an appearance
smooth. Also, people with different skin types such as oily skin
You can use the cream but less frequently due to the natural nutrients.
of the avocado.

37
5.7 PRICE ANALYSIS
Within the market, the prices of exfoliating and moisturizing creams are subject to
aspects such as: brand, content, type of treatment, place of marketing,
among the most important, which define the final price, being volatile. In
on average, the prices of creams range from 15 to 50 soles.

5.7.1 DETERMINATION OF THE PRICE

The price set for the aloe vera cream resulted from the analysis.
of costs and expenses plus a profit margin, taking into account the competition
to introduce the product to the market, it is priced at 30 soles each
unit of 400 ml.

PRICE PROJECTION
For the projection of the product price, an annual inflation rate of 4.16% was used.
registered in the year 2016

Table No. 7: Projected Price

PRODUCT YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR

2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Cream
moisturizer to 5.50 5,73 5.96 6.19 6.42 6.64 6.87
aloe base
vera

5.8 COMMERCIAL STRATEGIES

The strategies that will be used to introduce and position the product in the
The market of the city of Ibarra is based on the 4 Ps. (Product, price,
promotion and plaza

5.8.1 PRODUCT STRATEGIES

The product to be marketed will have a presentation of 400ml in a container.
sterilized, label detailing the product name, the group that
prepare; and on the back the nutritional composition and ingredients, and data
necessary for orders and recommendations if applicable.

A logo will be designed to give identity to the product and the company that produces it.

elaborate.

38
 Illustration No. 1: Logo
Illustration No. 2: Label design for 400ml packaging

5.8.2 PRICE STRATEGIES

Regarding the price, the strategies to be applied will be:

The product pricing will be carried out based on cost analysis and
expenses plus a profit margin, taking into account the competition.
The price of the product will be lower than the price of the products of the
competition.
There will be promotional prices according to the quantity purchased by the merchants.

5.8.3 PROMOTION STRATEGIES

To promote the product, the following strategies will be applied:

Advertising will be done through the radio.

Posters will be designed that will be delivered to the sales points of the
product.
A website for the microenterprise will be designed to promote the product.

Illustration n°3: radial spot

Illustration No. 4: Poster design
Illustration No.5: Website design

5.8.4 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES

The marketing channel that will be used for the sale of the product will be
indirect, where the producer, intermediary, and finally the consumer intervene
final.

Illustration no.: Indirect marketing channel

PRODUCER INTERMEDIARY CONSUMER

FINAL

39
Producer: Microenterprise producing and marketing moisturizing cream
aloe vera-based facial, "FACE CREM MIRA"

Intermediaries: Supermarkets, markets, stores, pharmacies.

Final consumer: Population of students from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering

from the National University of the Center of Peru.

5.9 CONCLUSIONS OF THE MARKET STUDY

After analyzing the most important variables of the market study, we
has reached the following conclusions:

The project is viable due to the high demand from consumers and regarding the
market offer and competition we will be leaders as our product will be
purely natural, this way we will contribute to the sustainable development of our district.

40
 CHAPTER VI
TECHNICAL STUDY

This chapter presents the analysis of the technical aspects for the operability of
the microenterprise, using the resources that are within reach efficiently to
maximize the profitability of the venture. The aspects to investigate in this part
son:

Optimal project location

Project size
Physical distribution of the project
Product Process
Investment budget

The analysis of the aforementioned sections allows for a clear view of the
technical aspects to consider in project management.

6.1 OPTIMAL PROJECT LOCATION

To determine the optimal location for the project, the macro will be analyzed.
localization and micro localization.

6.1.1 MACROLOCALIZATION
The variables that were taken into account when deciding where to go
install the aloe vera moisturizing cream production project that will be in the
province of Huancayo district of Tambo were the following in terms of macro
location:

Illustration No. 6: Map of the locality

41
The ground is find
located between block 11 of Avenida Esperanza, Calle Vírgenes del Sol, it has 1872
m2 of frontage with 28.50 meters along the street

Type of place: Based on a conducted research, it was concluded that the

Huancayo district does not have a cosmetic production company.

Investment amount:

Our investment amount is 20,000 soles; this amount of money will be used for
the equipment of the property, it is not necessary to spend on the purchase or rental of the land
since it is our property.

Condition of access roads:

The main access road to the town of Tambo is the route of Av. Mariscal Catilla and
is in very good condition, then there is the provincial route by which one can
access the locality of Tambo specifically Av. esperanza block No. 8, east
the path is dirt and track, it is passable but with great care, another of the accesses
it is again by the route of Saños chico to the east from the central highway, this road
It is passable but with potholes as it is not paved.

The locality has drinking water, energy, and communication.

6.1.2 MICRO LOCATION:

The first thing taken into account for micro-location is having the property.
in the town of La Esperanza. Additionally, an assessment of the environment was conducted to

42
confirm that there are no undesirable neighbors that could affect the use of the
service we offer and what type of anchor business is close to the project.

For the specific location of the microenterprise, it was decided to analyze in detail.
possible alternatives, applying the factor weighting method.

The alternatives for micro-location are:

Avenue Hope 'A'

Av. Pachacutec "B"

Periphery square manco still "C"

Avenue of the Sun Virgins D

Matrix of factors

According to the characteristics and needs of the project, it has been considered the
following most relevant aspects for its implementation:

Table No. 8: Matrix of factors

MATRIX A B C D
Physical factors
Availability of spaces 4 7 5 8
physical
Partial total 1 4 7 5 8
2. Commercial
Flow of people 8 8 8 8
Strategic position 8 8 6 7
Land cost 3 4 3 5
Accessibility 3 6 4 7
Security 2 5 3 7
Support 8 8 5 6
[Link] 1 1 1 2
MD 6 6 6 6
Proximity to the market 7 5 4 4
Partial total 2 46 51 40 52
3. Legal Factors
Municipal Ordinances 7 7 7 7

43
 Health Registration 8 8 8 8
External Security Permit 8 7 7 7
Tax Regulations 8 8 8 8
Partial total 3 31 30 30 30
4. Environmental Factors
Waste management 3 3 3 3
Sewage 4 4 4 4
Air pollution (smell) 2 3 3 4
Noise pollution 2 2 2 3
Visual pollution 2 3 4 4
Partial total 4 13 15 16 18
TOTAL FINAL 94 103 91 108

Table No. 8: Level of importance of the factors

1–PHYSICS 15 %
2- COMMERCIAL 50% for being the most important
3–LEGAL 15%
4–ENVIRONMENTAL 20% second most important
TOTAL % 100 %

A percentage has been assigned according to the level of importance in the different
aforementioned aspects.

Table No. 9: Matrix of factors

MATRIX % A B C D
Physical factors
Availability of spaces 10% 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8
physicists
Partial total 1 10% 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8
2. Commercial
Flow of people 3% 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24
Strategic position 15% 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.05
Land cost 8% 0.24 0.32 0.24 0.40
Accessibility 4% 0.12 0.24 0.16 0.18

44
 Security 5% 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.35
Support 2% 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.12
[Link] 7% 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.14
MD 1% 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
Proximity to the market 5% 0.35 0.25 0.20 0.20
Partial total 2 50% 2.54 2.79 2.12 2.84
3. Legal Factors
Municipal Ordinances 3.75% 0.26 0.26 0.26
Sanitary Registration 3.75% 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
External Security Permit 3.75% 0.30 0.26 0.26 0.26
Tax Regulations 3.75% 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Partial total 3 15% 1.16 1.12 1.12 1.12
4. Environmental Factors
Waste management 8% 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24
Sewage 5% 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Air pollution (smell) 3% 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.12
Noise pollution 2% 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06
Visual pollution 2% 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.08
Partial total 4 20% 0.58 0.63 0.63 0.7
TOTAL FINAL 85% 4.28 5.24 4.37 5.46

The microenterprise will be located on Av. La Esperanza because there are

suitable conditions for optimal functioning and productivity as
alternative to the city's market.

6.2 PROJECT SIZE

For the size of the project, it was deemed important to analyze certain factors that
allow determining the size of the project.

6.2.1 FACTORS THAT DEFINE SIZE:

Market Existence
Raw Material Availability
Infrastructure
Access roads
Technology

45
 Financing

[Link] Existence of market

According to the field research conducted on the target market, there is a
very significant potential demand to be met that can be leveraged by the
project.

Table No. 10: Existence of market

YEAR Potential demand to be met from
the moisturizing cream
2017 38000.875
2018 41800.962
2019 45981.059
2020 50579.1642
2021 55637.0811
2022 61200.7898
2023 67320.8682
2024 73931.6814
TOTAL 434452.481

The population of the upper middle class will be our main source of consumption.
through the purchase of the product in commissaries, supermarkets, pharmacies of the
city of Ibarra among others.

[Link] Availability of Raw Material

The raw material for the production of aloe vera moisturizing creams is
it is found in abundance in the region, therefore its disposal is feasible.

[Link] Infrastructure
The infrastructure will be designed according to the needs of the
microenterprise, there will be enough space where it can be carried out
activities without any problem, all basic services will be available, since the
place has them.

46
 [Link] Access routes
The location where the project will be situated has several communication routes.
first order, which will facilitate the transport of both raw materials and
final product.

[Link] Technology
The technology for the process of making aloe vera-based facial cream
It will be traditional, where no sophisticated machinery is required, just equipment.
Basics for preparing the ingredients, this process is supported by the advisory.
from experts in the field of making avocado-based creams.

6.3 PLANT CAPACITY:

For the capacity of the plant, the following aspects were considered:

Production human talent: 4 people

Annual production of 10,000 units of 400ml.
Daily production: approximately 60 units.

Daily working hours: 8 hours

10,000 units/year
=
8 hours * 5 days * 52

= 4.81
ℎ

6.4 DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLANT FACILITIES:

For the operation of the microenterprise, an infrastructure will be designed with all
the comforts and securities.

The following shows the layout and measurements of each area of the plant

Table No. 11: Distribution of the plant

No. AREA M2
1 MANAGEMENT 30
2 RECEPTION 100
3 PRODUCTION 400
4 STORAGE 300
5 BATHS 40

47
 6 PARKING 1000
TOTAL 1870

6.5 PRODUCTION PROCESS:

6.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS
1. It begins with washing the leaves received at the plant with water and with
bactericidal solutions.
2. Subsequently, the gel is removed and separated from the cortex by means of the
fileting. The most commonly used method is manual separation, which consists of
make manual cuts to the sheet by filleting the gel with a knife starting from 2.5
cm on the base and covering the entire upper end and the lateral parts, the
gel is liquefied with steel blades. Despite requiring more labor, it is
the method that offers the best results and for this reason it is used more.
3. Following this, the grinding is performed in which the gel fillets are homogenized.
through a high-speed commercial grinder, this is done at
ambient temperature (25 ºC), so it is recommended to grind for a period
from 10 to 20 minutes, since the longer this process takes, the greater the
darkening of the gel due to enzymatic browning.
4. Stabilization is carried out through the addition of pectolytic enzymes to
preserve the compounds with biological activity, such as polysaccharides that
they have a greater presence and importance. This stabilization can be
achieve by adding these enzymes at 50 ºC for periods of twenty minutes.
5. Once stabilization is completed, filtration is carried out. This process
also influences the stability of the gel and in this it is also possible to separate
particles of the product through their sedimentation.
6. After this, vitamin C or ascorbic acid is added in order to avoid the
clarifying and improving the taste of the juice. A pH adjustment is made to 3.0.
to 3.5 by the addition of citric acid.
7. A degassing of the liquid gel is performed in a vacuum to eliminate oxygen.
trapped in bubble form and prevent the oxidation of ascorbic acid,
Similarly, the shelf life of the gel is improved.

8. Pasteurization can be carried out according to the HTST process at 85-95 ºC avoiding
the bad taste and the loss of biological activity.

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 9. After this, it cools suddenly to 5 ºC for ten to fifteen
seconds, this stage is essential to ensure the biological activity of
gel.
10. Finally, the Aloe gel is packaged in glass or plastic.

CHAPTER VII
Environmental Impact

The environmental impact assessment, conceived as a policy instrument

environmental, analytical and preventive in scope, allows for the integration of a project into the environment

a determined activity; in this conception, the procedure offers a set of

advantages to the environment and the project.

The environmental impact that the project for the production of moisturizing cream will bring
Aloe vera is very positive as its commitment is not only to the benefits.
economic benefits for the members of the project, but also the opportunity for work
to the people of the Junín department.
In addition, the product is developed with the well-being of consumers in mind.
quality raw materials for fragrances that do not affect health
consumers and with recyclable raw materials such as the packaging of the product that does not
affect the environment.
7.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
The environmental impact assessment is a preventive procedure.
oriented to inform the promoter of a project or a productive activity, about
of the effects on the environment that may be generated by its construction.

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It is a corrective element of the planning processes and aims to
to mitigate the negative effects of the project on the environment.

7.2 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

This project aims to provide employment and advancement opportunities for women.
and men from families who due to different circumstances such as education, resources
economic or unemployment rate in Peru makes it difficult for them to find jobs, and from this
to contribute to the development of their families, this purpose aligns with the Plan of
economic, social, and environmental development of Peru The project also adheres to the
Sustainability and a healthy environment by focusing on meeting the tastes and needs of the
population without putting at risk the well-being of future generations by
the policy of using quality raw materials that do not harm health or the
environment.

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL COST

The project aims to reduce the environmental costs generated by the
production of some cosmetics, this is achieved through the use of raw materials
natural creams made up of vegetable oils and floral extracts substances that
they are not toxic, contaminants or irritants to human skin and do not offend
against the environment, glass packaging is also used for the product
considering that this is 100% recyclable.

7.4 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

The innovation in packaging for the product will be reflected on one hand in the
packaging material since glass will be used, which is recyclable, glass is a material
that due to its characteristics is easily recoverable; especially the glass container
since this is 100% recyclable, meaning that from a used container, it can
to make a new one that can have the same characteristics as the first, we will use
this material considering that most companies use plastic containers
for this type of products (splash and creams).

As for the size, it will be presented in a 6-ounce container that is practical and easy.
to carry in your bag, as the product is suitable for daily and continuous use.
Additionally, the packaging presentation will be customized as it seeks
reach each client with presentations tailored to the raw material
to use that is part of the essence of nature.

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7.5 STAGES OF THE PROCESS
The preparation of an environmental impact study, in general terms, is constituted by
through a set of stages and tasks to be completed, which generically materialize in the
the following items:

7.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT OR ACTIVITY TO BE CARRIED OUT

The process of making moisturizing cream based on aloe vera is framed under
the Productive Transformation Program, with which the national government seeks
guarantee the efficient and effective management of resources to reduce the impacts of
processes and household consumption and thus support sustainable economic development
of the country.

Considering that the two main axes of this program are:

1. Promote the development of new sectors.
2. Stimulate the production of more and better good.

7.5.2 BREAKDOWN OF THE PROJECT OR ACTIVITY INTO ITS COMPONENTS

ELEMENTARY:
This task must be carried out uniformly and systematically for each of the four.
conventionally accepted phases: site preparation, construction, operation and
abandonment of the project.

7.5.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE THAT CHARACTERIZES THE ENVIRONMENT:

In the preparation of the aloe vera moisturizing cream, there are biotic elements and
abiotic factors, in a broad and supported realm both in reported evidence from the
development and completion of the project. In this stage, we will add the study of the environment.

social and economic of the area where the project will be established and developed
The activity that is Avenida Esperanza Calle Vírgenes del Sol has a front of 1872 m2.
with 28.50mt along the street.

7.5.4 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS USING A CHECKLIST:

For the identification of impacts, we rely on the developed checklist.

THEME YES CAN NO COMMENTS

SER
Forms of the terrain will produce
the project?
Earrings x
One broadens destruction del x
ground displacement

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Changes in the landforms x Own of the
implementation
Destruction, occupation or modification x
of physical traits
Effects that prevent certain uses
of long-term placement
Air/climatology will produce
the project?
Air pollutant emissions x
that exceed the standards that
they cause the deterioration of the quality of

air quality.
Unpleasant odors x It must be kept in a
specific control of
the emission of odors
Alteration of air movement x
humidity or temperature
Air pollutant emissions x
dangerous regulated by air law
clean
Water will the project produce?
Discharges into a public water system x It corresponds to water
treated
Changes in the currents o X Fluents to address
movements of cold freshwater
oh marina
Changes in the absorption indices, x
drainage guidelines quantity index of
runoff water.
Alterations in direction or volume x Owns of the
of groundwater flow water channeling
to deal with

Risk of exposure of people or x

goods to dangers associated with water
such as floods
Impact on construction in a x
wetland or floodplain interior
Waste solids will produce the
project?
Solid waste or garbage in volume x Considering what
significant large part is
organic
What noise will the project produce?

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 Increase of previous sound levels x Considering the
current levels in the
zone
Greater exposure of people to noise x
elevated
Land uses will produce the
project?
It would substantially alter the uses x
current or previous in the area
It will have an impact on a x
element of park systems
nationals, etc.
Energy will produce the
project?
It will use considerable amounts of x Considering that in
fuels or energy the consumption area of
energy is low
Increase considerably the X
demand for current sources of
energy
Waste dangerous
Will the project produce?
It will involve generation, transportation x
,storage or deletion of any
hazardous waste

7.5.5 EVALUATION AND DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

For the project of making moisturizing creams based on aloe vera, an evaluation was carried out.
and discussed what the main characteristics are that alter or harm or are
linked to the environmental impact during the development and execution of the investment project
in the cosmetics sector.

EVALUATION AND DESCRIPTION OF IMPACTS VALUE

PREPARATION STAGE
WATER
For the conditioning activity of roads 1
access will have an adverse impact on quality
of water even if the impact is not of greater magnitude
due to the fact that the water flow is not constant

SOIL

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 Due to the clearing and conditioning of the land 2
the physical characteristics of the soil will be evaluated and the

relieve.
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
WATER
It will be prevented that rainwater drags solids and 4
soil particles, as well as the dispersion of
untreated water flow that may affect irrigation.
SOIL
One impact that will develop is excavation. 1
, filling and compaction that will affect the relief of the
soil when altering its natural formation

CHAPTER VIII
ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY
The company's name is Face Cream which means facial cream, in this chapter
the structural representation of the microenterprise and the identification of positions will be made

with their respective functions.

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8.1 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF THE COMPANY FACE CREAM

MANAGER

BOSS OF MANAGER OF MANAGER OF

PRODUCTION MARKETING RESOURCES
HUMANS

BOSS OF BOSS OF MARKETING

LABORATORY OPERATIONS COUNTER
CION

WORKERS OF
LABORATORY

WORKERS OF WORKERS OF
MAINTENANCE PRODUCTION

8.2 DESCRIPTION OF CHARGES

8.2.1 Manager
The manager is the legal representative and is responsible for carrying out the administrative management.

financial of the microenterprise.

a) Functions
Plan, organize, coordinate, and execute the operations of the
microenterprise.
Prepare the operational budgets for the microenterprise.
Review the financial statements for proper decision-making.
Make decisions that favor negotiations with clients
majority of the microenterprise
Hire, renew, and sanction the personnel working in the microenterprise
Take charge of the product's commercial planning.
Make contracts with both raw material suppliers and clients,
previous advice from the technicians who are in charge of guiding.
b) Job analysis
Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 5 years of experience

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 TRAINING. Strategic planning, administrative processes
general, organizational development, use of computer and packages
IT specialists.

8.2.2 Production Manager

The production manager is responsible for supervising the production of the cream. The head of
Production is one of the highest positions in an organization and reports directly
to the manager or to the board of directors of the company.

a) Functions
Monitor and enforce Risk Prevention, Safety and Health.
Quality and Environmental Plan.
Reception of materials.
Monitoring of production in volume and quality, as well as all the
necessary prior tasks for its fulfillment, including equipment review
and personnel management.
Work on managing your own staff and maintain communication
continue with the supervisor and foremen.
Management of orders and suppliers, once they have been contracted.
Contract review.
Review of measurements: of project, of cost, of production, of
settlement, proformas.
Study project documents.
b) Job analysis
Chemical Engineer or Industrial Engineer or related careers
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 4 years of experience
TRAINING: Specialization in industrial processes.

8.2.3 Marketing Manager

The marketing director is responsible for the creation of a strategic plan for
sales.

a) Functions
Design and implement the organization's Marketing Plan.
Define themarketing strategiesfor the offer of products or services.
Plan, prepare and manage the department's budget, under certain
efficiency standards and resource optimization.

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 Analyze the actions of the department and evaluate and control the results
of them.
To directand lead the work team.
b) Job analysis
Bachelor in Marketing
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 3 years of experience

8.2.4 Human Resources Manager

a) Functions
Ensure good communication between all levels of the organization.
which allows maintaining an adequate organizational environment where it is more
harmonizes communication and workdays, providing greater
productivity of Human Resources and therefore of the company.
Develop and control the process of recruitment, selection, onboarding, and induction.
of the staff, in order to ensure the selection of the most suitable candidates for
the positions of the organization, through the application of the procedures
formal programs designed to provide the new employee with all the information
necessary about the organizational structure, functions, objectives of the
company, policy and quality objectives, of your workplace, facilitating the
adaptation of the worker and their active participation and identification in the company.
Project and coordinate training and development programs for the
employees, in order to fulfill the training and development plans,
improvement and updating of personnel, through the detection of
training needs, the prioritization of courses, workshops among others.
In order to ensure the maximum utilization of human talent and
promote motivation for achievement, in personal and organizational terms.
Supervise and verify service processes in personnel administration.
with the aim of complying with the plans and programs regarding the benefits
established by the company.
Supervise and control the labor liabilities of active personnel (vacations,
advances of social benefits, trust, etc.) and settlements of
social benefits, in order to comply with established procedures
in the Company.
Project and coordinate training and development programs for the
employees, in order to comply with training and development plans,
improvement and updating of the staff, through detection of
training needs, the prioritization of courses, workshops among others.

57
 In order to ensure the maximum utilization of human talent and
promote motivation for achievement, in personal and organizational terms.
Supervise and verify the service processes in personnel management.
in order to comply with the plans and programs regarding the benefits
established by the company.
Supervise and control the labor liabilities of active personnel (vacations,
advances of social benefits, trust, etc.) and settlements of
social benefits, in order to comply with the established procedures
in the Company.
Job analysis

Bachelor's Degree in Social Work, Sociology, Psychology, or related fields.

EXPERIENCE: 3 years of experience.

8.2.5 Chief of Operations

The operations manager is responsible for overseeing the daily activities of the
corporation and management of operations. The head of operations reports
directly to the production manager of the company.

a) Functions
One of the main tasks that needs to be performed is to provide a
work environment that generates positive energy, creativity and a sense of
team among employees.
To ensure that this goal is reached, the Chief Operating Officer tries to achieve
commitments to employees by holding meetings, listening to each
department about its problems and concerns and establishing a
example of professionalism showndoqualities of leadership for the
entrepreneurship.
For a department to function smoothly, an Operations Manager has to
to implement rules and procedures for employees to follow. This
includes establishing policies in the workplace to ensure an effective
implementation and adherence among each of the employees of the organization.
It should be noted that an Operations Manager generally manages the budget.
of the company's operations to determine how much has been spent and what
it can be acquired in the near future.
b) Job analysis
Chemical Engineer
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 4 years of experience

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 TRAINING. Specialization in industrial processes.

8.2.6 Laboratory Chief

The laboratory manager is responsible for controlling the daily activities carried out in
the laboratory and the respective reports.

a) Functions
Manage the acquisition of materials, equipment, and supplies for the proper
operation of the Laboratory, in terms of quantity and timeliness.
Supervise the bidding processes for equipment, materials, and supplies
for the Laboratory, including the evaluation and awarding stages of
offers. Receive and evaluate according to the acquired elements.
Prepare and evaluate equipment maintenance programs,
dependencies and services, controlling their execution.
Supervise the analysis and timely reporting of samples.
Generate monthly report with respective analysis statistics.
Review and endorse the analytical information provided by those responsible for it.

area, as well as its opportunity and response times.

Timely inform about the analytical demand scheduled by
the various technical user units.
Instruct the necessary functions for the development of the tasks.
administrative tasks of the Laboratory.

b) Job analysis
Chemical Engineer
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 3 years of experience
TRAINING. Specialization in industrial processes, management courses
quality.

8.2.7 Laboratory workers

The laboratory technicians are responsible for conducting quality analyses of
finished product.

a) Job analysis

Training: Chemical Technician

EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 6 months in similar positions.

8.2.8 Production Workers

The production workers are in charge of the production of the facial cream.

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 a) Job analysis

EDUCATION: Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering, chemical technicians, or related fields.

EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 6 months in similar positions.

8.2.9 Maintenance Workers

Maintenance workers are responsible for the maintenance of the equipment.
of production.

a) Job Analysis

TRAINING: Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering, Bachelor of Electrical Engineering, technicians

mechanics and electricians or related careers.

EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 6 months in similar positions.

8.2.10 Counter
The accountant is responsible for keeping up to date with tax obligations before the SRI.
of all the commercial transactions generated in the activity of the company.

a) Functions
Meet the tax obligations of the microenterprise on the due dates.
provided.
Advise management in the accounting and tax field. Record the
payments made by customers.
Maintain control of inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable.
pay.
Prepare financial reports and monthly balances. Keep the
permanent accounting.
Correctly record business transactions on the dates
exactly as they were carried out.
Attend to the public who visit the facilities.
Ensure the order and security of the microenterprise's documents.
Receive phone calls and emails and inform the
manager considering the degree of importance.
b) Job analysis
Bachelor's Degree in Accounting and Auditing
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 2 years of experience
TRAINING. Tax laws, labor laws, tax declaration, regulations
Ecuadorians in accounting, computer use, and software packages.

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8.2.11 Marketing
a) Cargo
Seller
b) Objective
Product marketing.
c) Functions
Have the purchase and delivery orders signed at the points.
of marketing.
Receive the respective invoices to deliver to the accountant.
Perform the other functions that are assigned to you.
Maintain systematic control of the incoming and outgoing products.
Present reports disclosing the sales made on the dates
required
Drive the vehicle for product transportation.
Maintain the vehicle in order to keep it in good condition
d) Job analysis
EXPERIENCE. A minimum of 3 months in facial cream sales.

8.3 REMUNERATIONS OF POSITIONS

REMUNERATIONS
CARGO
Soles
MANAGER 5000
PRODUCTION MANAGER 3500
Marketing Manager 2000
RESOURCE MANAGER 2000
HUMANS
OPERATIONS MANAGER 2800
LABORATORY MANAGER 2500
Production Workers 1800
Laboratory Workers 1200

Maintenance Workers 1200

COUNTER 2200
MARKETING 850

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 CHAPTER IX
CONSTITUTION OF THE COMPANY
8.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE MICROENTERPRISE
For the management of the activities of the microenterprise for production and marketing
cream body based on avocado in the city of Mira, has been designed the
guidelines both strategic, organizational and legal, according to the new
administrative trends.

8.4.1 STRATEGIC ASPECTS

[Link] Name of the microenterprise

The microenterprise will be named: "FACE CREM MIRA". The designation with
this name has to do with the activity to which the microenterprise will be dedicated, such as
also to the place where their production facilities will be located.

[Link] Mission
"FACE CREM MIRA" will have the mission:

We are a microenterprise dedicated to the production and marketing of cream.

moisturizer based on aloe vera, being a high-quality product that meets the
expectations of the most demanding consumers.

[Link] Vision
"FACE CREM MIRA" will have the vision:

By the year 2024, to be a leading microenterprise at the local and regional level in production and
marketing of moisturizing cream based on aloe vera, achieving a
positioning in the consumer market of the product.

[Link] Objectives of the microenterprise

Implement new administrative management techniques to achieve the

empowerment of common goals within the organization.
Carry out market research periodically for the introduction
of new products.
Generate a positive organizational image of the microenterprise for
consolidate in the activity.
Develop studies for the innovation of the products offered by
microenterprise.

63
 Implement proper control of the waste generated in the
product development for ecosystem care.

[Link] Microenterprise policies

The policies that the microenterprise will implement are the following:

Take care of the image of the microenterprise both inside and outside its facilities.

The work schedule will be eight working hours in case of not fulfilling them.
they must present their proper justification
Training will be conducted for human talent, for improvement in the
development of their activities.
Conduct a performance evaluation of human talent,
periodically.
Teamwork will be encouraged so that the achievement of objectives is
recognized.
The activities to be carried out will be controlled under legal regulations.

[Link] Principles

Support for customers: Helping by advising customers about the benefits of

product they are acquiring
Commitment to social responsibility: Collaborate indirectly to
socio-economic improvement of the sector.
Increase the value of the microenterprise: Manage correctly the
resources that the microenterprise has
Support for employees: Constantly train staff and support in the
professional growth
Teamwork: Encourage employees that working in a team
achieve better results

[Link] Values

Business transparency: Providing the market with a quality product that

meets consumer expectations.

Comradeship: Support, cooperation among coworkers to fulfill

with the objectives of the microenterprise.

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Integrity and justice: Treat all people with respect and act with
integrity in the face of problems that arise.

Ethics: To preserve and apply the values instilled for good performance
labor

Loyalty: Providing total trust in the microenterprise

confidentially the information.

Honesty and transparency: Carrying out the assigned activities with

honesty

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