Understanding Data Communication Basics
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Data Communication Basics
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ScribdTranslationsINTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATION.
DEFINITION OF THE DATA COMMUNICATION PROBLEM.
Communicating is a human necessity, but when exchanging information
different problems can arise such as: the fact that we are not on the same
place, not speaking the same language, the diverse nature that it can have
information and also an external factor to those who communicate, such as
functioning of the medium through which information is exchanged.
These inconveniences have largely been overcome thanks to the benefits.
of communications, such as the reduction of the digital divide, the
modification of working conditions and the availability of information without
import the geographic location.
It is there that data communication networks appear, which allow for the
people can communicate at any time and anywhere with the help of
software tools and devices that are configured and distributed
adequately form a technological network that provides reliability and
efficiency of communications. As the number of users increases,
the network must also grow the platform that connects and supports this infrastructure.
Instead of developing exclusive and individual systems for the delivery of each
new service, the networking industry as a whole, has developed the means
to analyze the existing platform and improve it progressively. This ensures
that existing communications remain while new ones are presented
economic services and technology-level insurance.
This learning tool mentions basic concepts of networks.
data communication that is important for anyone wishing to start a
exploration about this topic.
OBJECTIVES OF NETWORKS
Allow users and applications to share resources.
Offer backup alternatives for services, increasing reliability.
Provide timely information at the point where it is needed.
Enhance performance increase. ($/performance).
Share applications, files, and printers.
Enable the use of network software.
Enable the use of corporate applications.
Allow creating work groups.
Allow centralized management.
APPLICATIONS OF NETWORKS
Data transmission networks have become an important part of
businesses, companies, entertainment, and even homes. Next
some applications of networks are mentioned.
Electronic messaging.
Information services.
Marketing and sales.
Teleconference.
Communications.
Client/server applications.
Entertainment.
NETWORK SERVICES
Network services can be of three types: basic transmission services,
value added or distributed processing.
The following are some examples of each of them:
Basic transmission or transportation services SBT
File services
Printing Services
Application Services
Value-added or extended services
Email.
Agenda.
Distributed processing
Teleinformatics Services.
Distributed Applications.
Client/server applications.
VoIP.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
Telecommunications consist of the 'transmission of words,
sounds, images or data in the form of impulses or electronic signals or
electromagnetic.
TELEMATICS:
Science that uses telecommunications to enhance applications of the
computer science.”[5]It is composed of a set of services and techniques
in charge of associating telecommunications and computer science, grouping the
services from the latter provided over a telecommunications network.
Some of the most important features of telematics are:
Offers possibilities for communication and information, both at work and in
the home.
It groups very diverse services, for example, telecommuting, teleconferencing or the
telecommunication networks like the Internet.
It began in the 1970s, due to the evolution of computing and the creation of
new services capable of storing, receiving, and processing data remotely
information.
Decentralizes the resources offered through telecommunications networks
computer science.
Characteristics of Telematics:
It offers possibilities for communication and information, both at work
like at home.
It groups very diverse services, for example, teleworking,
teleconference or telematics networks like the Internet.
It began in the 1970s, due to the evolution of computing and the
creation of new services capable of storing, receiving, and processing
distance data and information.
Decentralizes the resources offered through telecommunications networks.
through computing.
TELEINFORMATICS:
Science that studies the set of techniques that are necessary to use in order to
transmit data within a computer system or between points of it located in
remote places or using telecommunications networks.
Expression that comes from the words telecommunications and computer science.
It is the result of the emergence of distributed processing, where the
importance of the individual job position, distributed the processing in
centralized computing units.
The word Teleinformatics combines the technical aspects of both.
specialties.
TELEINFORMATION SYSTEM:
Set of software, hardware, and communication resources aimed at
satisfy information needs.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM:
It is described as the set of elements that are related to each other.
orderly, they offer the ability to establish the transmission of a message
between two independent points.
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS:
A distributed computing system is composed of several
autonomous processors that do not share main memory, but cooperate
through the exchange of messages over a communication network.
According to Schroeder, in 1993, every distributed system has three characteristics.
basics:
Existence of various computing systems.
Interconnection. There are means that allow communication between the
systems, through which they can transmit information.
oShared state. The systems cooperate to maintain some type of
shared state, like the maintenance of a series of global functions
for the coordination of all the computers.
DATA TRANSMISSION:
Movement of encoded information from one point to one or more points, through
electrical, optical, electro-optical or electromagnetic signals.
NETWORK COMPONENTS: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.
Servers
Network operating systems
Seasons
Networks, Interconnection Elements
Distributed systems
Services
CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS
Networks can be classified in various ways, as shown in
continuation:
By the transmission technology:
Point-to-point networks.
Broadcast networks.
Through the means:
Wiring.
Wireless.
For the speed:
High speed.
Low speed.
By type of transmission:
Baseband.
By carrier.
For the configuration:
Server-based networks.
Peer to peer networks.
According to the property:
Public.
Private.
According to the type of traffic:
Voice.
Video.
Data.
According to the subnet technology:
Message switching.
Packet switching.
Cell switching.
According to the physical topology:
Star.
Ring.
Bus.
Mesh.
Tree.
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION
It is the form or sequence in which the bits are sent.
In digital communications, there are 2 forms:
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
In this case, the receiver does not know the duration of each transmitted bit. To ensure that the
it can identify when it starts and when it ends, it must start with a bit of
start, start (st, bit=0), and end with stop signal, stop (sp, bit=1).
Characteristics:
Data is transmitted character by character.
• It is simple and cheap.
• It needs at least 2 additional bits per character.
• It is used to transmit small data streams at low speeds.
SYNCHRONIC
In this transmission, the sender and the receiver have timers called
watches, controlling the data transfer through a signal of
timing. The bits to be transmitted are sampled using a generator of
clock pulses and before sending a data set, the bits are sent
synchronization.
Characteristics:
• It requires more expensive hardware than the asynchronous one.
• Data is always accompanied by a clock.
• Synchronization is required between the DTE and receiver before the start of the
transmission.
• The arrival time of any bit is predictable.
• It is used when high-speed transmissions are required and in
large volumes.