Flexible Pipe Injector Assembly Overview
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ScribdTranslationsFlexible Pipe Injector Assembly Overview
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ScribdTranslationsINJECTOR HEAD
The flexible pipe injector is the component used to grip the length of the pipe.
continue and provide the necessary forces to deploy it and retrieve the tube in and out
from the well opening. The injector assembly is designed to perform three functions.
basics:
Provide the required thrust to insert the pipe into the well against the
pressure or to overcome the friction of the well. The pipe can be inserted while
it is run to the open end, or used to carry towards the interior of the well
tools and devices attached at the end of the flexible pipe.
Control the descent speed of the pipe inside the well, under various
well conditions.
Support the entire weight of the pipe and accelerate it to the operating speed, when
is being extracted out of the well.
The figure shown illustrates the simplified assembly of a flexible pipe injector and
the blowout preventer column on a wellhead. There are several types of
chain traction injectors against rotary in use in the piping industry
flexible and the way in which the grip blocks are loaded varies from design to design. A
simplified demonstration of the common main components of these types
injectors, is shown in the figure. All these types of injectors manipulate the string
pipeline continuation using two opposing traction chains, with rack or wheel drive
toothed, which are moved by hydraulic motors against rotatory.
COMPONENTS OF THE INJECTOR HEAD:
The injector head in a system that is made up of several components, among them
they are:
The drive and brakes, which in turn are made up of a wide variety of
elements like the set of strings that move through blocks and
tension cylinders, sprockets and hydraulic motors which transmit power
mechanics to the unit in order to introduce and extract the pipe under the effects of
well.
The goose neck which is in communication with the spool allowing the
transport of the flexible pipe to the injector head.
Depth and weight sensors to maintain control of the characteristics
from the pipe at the moment of inserting or extracting the pipe.
Finally, the packing or stripper assembly located at the base of the component.
injector which helps to control the pressures from the well.
DRIVE AND BRAKES
In this component, the continuous strand is manipulated using 2 traction chains.
opposite with pinions or toothed gears, which are driven by motors
hydraulic against rotary and that include fail-safe brakes.
The fundamental operational concept of the opposing rotary chain injector is a
that uses traction chains made with interlocking grip blocks mounted
among the links of the chain. These gripping blocks are designed to minimize the
damage to the flexible pipe and must be manufactured to fit the circumference of the string of
flexible tubing or finishes with a V shape to accommodate variable sizes of
external diameters of flexible tubing. The chain traction set operates under the
principle of moderate friction. The flexible tubing is loaded by gripping blocks
opposites with sufficient normal force applied so that the frictional forces
resulting in the grip blocks being greater than the axial loads of the pipe
(tension or compression) and less than the force required to collapse the tube. This force
normal applied can be supplied in three ways to the vertical injectors of
chain traction against rotors.
In all these load traction systems, hydraulic cylinders are used to feed
the tensile pressure and the consequent normal force applied to the flexible pipe.
Additionally, these chain-loaded designs require a system of
emergency to maintain traction, in case of a loss of hydraulic pressure of
the source. Typically, this consists of a reservoir and a manual hydraulic pump
located in the control booth.
As time passes, the load investments will cause the motor system to
the chain wears out and stretches. In addition to hydraulically loading the grip blocks that
they act on the flexible pipes, the motor system of the chains must be equipped
to apply tension that minimizes the surfacing of the chains. Typically, the tension of
the chain must be increased when inserting, to avoid the buckling of the chain.
Hydraulic cylinders are used to supply the tensioning pressure and should be taken into account.
an emergency system available to maintain chain tension in case of
that there is a loss of hydraulic pressure from the source. Usually, this system consists of a
accumulator and a manual hydraulic pump, located in the control cabin.
Hydraulic motors are used as driving force on the traction chain blocks.
A hydraulic counterweight system provides dynamic braking when the pressure
hydraulics of hydraulic motors ceases. Many motors have applied brakes
mechanically, which are released hydraulically and come as internal components that
They automatically stop when the hydraulic pressure ceases in the engine. In other cases, it
they use separate external mechanical brakes.
It is critically important that the injector has a weight indicator that measures the load of
tension of the flexible pipe just above the stripper, with a weight screen
measured that the unit operator can see during service with the flexible pipe.
There should also be an indicator to measure the compression strength in the pipe.
flexible, underneath the injector when the flexible pressure pipe is being inserted
from the well (often referred to as a negative weight)
Gander Neck
The opposite rotation chain pipe injectors use a guiding arc of
pipe, which is located directly above the injector. The tube guiding arc supports
the piping along the entire bending radius (90+ degrees) and guide the flexible piping of
reel towards the injection chains. The guide arc assembly incorporates a series of
rollers or cushions along the arch to support the pipe and must also include a
series of upper rollers to center the flexible pipe as it travels over the arch
Guide. The number, size, material, and spacing of the rollers may vary.
significantly, according to the different designs of pipe guide arches. The radius of the arch
The pipe guide is defined as the radius of curvature of the central axis of the rollers.
inferior.
The table illustrates the different models, one longer than the previous one. The more
the bigger and longer the component, the greater the capacity to withstand high voltages and greater
capacity to support flow while the diameter increases in the different designs.
WEIGHING OR LOAD MEASURING SENSOR:
The load can be defined as the tension or compression force exerted on the
flexible tubing, just above the stripper and it is one of the most measures
important necessary for the proper operation of the flexible piping unit.
Load can be affected by various parameters other than the hanging weight of the pipe.
flexible, and includes the wellhead pressure, the stripper friction, the counter tension
of the reel and the density of the fluid that is inside and outside of the flexible pipe. The
load must be measured directly using a load cell that measures the force that the
flexible tubing is applying to the injector. An indirect measurement can be obtained.
secondary load, measuring the hydraulic pressure applied to the injector motors.
Electronic tension and stress gauges are also available and in use.
DEPTH SENSOR:
The measured depth is the length of flexible tubing that must be deployed through the
injector. The measured depth may be significantly different from the depth
real of the flexible pipe that is inside the well, due to stretching, the expansion
thermal, thermal elongation, etc. The measured depth can be observed.
directly in several places of the flexible tubing unit, using a wheel of
friction that comes into contact with the flexible pipe. The measured depth can be
also obtained indirectly by measuring the rotation of the injector axes. A unit
of flexible pipe, it should not be operated without having deployed and placed the meter
depth in such a way that the flexible pipe operator can see it. The measured depth
it must be recorded as a function of time and in relation to the applied pressure to the
flexible tubing, to be used in bending fatigue cycle calculations. The
speed can be calculated from the change in depth measured over a period
specific to time.
STRIPPER ASSEMBLY:
At the base of the injector is a hydraulically operated stripping mechanism that
position along the central axis of the flexible pipe when secured in the assembly
chain motor. The stripper is the primary pressure control device in the arrangement
of the burst preventers of the flexible pipe unit. The working pressure
the specified maximum standard for the stripper set is 1000 psi (689.5 Bar), they are
designed for working pressures up to 15000 psi (1034.25 Bar). It also helps to
control the pressures measured from the bottom of the well during operation.
There are several types of pipe stripper kits that can be assembled at the part
lower part of the injector/extractor assembly structure. These units are referred to as
Small box of cable glands. They are positioned underneath the lower grip area of the
chains, with the pipe guide or with an auxiliary guide extension of the stripper. The guides
or extensions play an important role in preventing the workload from deviating
from its proper route or path, when the pressure of the well exerts an upward force
about the piping.