Visual Inspection Techniques Overview
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ScribdTranslationsVisual Inspection Techniques Overview
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ScribdTranslationsUrbina Guzmán Patricio
Practice N001
Practice date: 2017-05-02
2017-05-16
NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING LABORATORY
Visual Inspection
2. OBJECTIVES:
. Know basic characteristics and define the limitations of the
application of Visual Inspection
. Identify the different methods of Visual Inspection and characteristics
of what defines each method.
. Apply different elements that help improve the results of the
Visual inspection of the analyzed parts.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The visual inspection test is a non-destructive testing method that
allows the detection of discontinuities that affect the surface visually
accessible from the objects.
. Visual inspection is the non-destructive method par excellence, being
its scope of application is extremely extensive.
. Identify materials regarding their specification and composition
chemistry.
. Detection of imperfections and defects produced during a process
productive.
. Visual inspection is not only important as a testing method itself
same, but it is essential as a prior and preliminary trial in the
execution of any other. Since it must always be carried out, even
when the execution of another type of tests is scheduled.
. Well executed reduces the need for subsequent ENDs.
Depending on the instruments used as visual aids, and the distance (or the
access) that exists between the inspector and the object of study, the Visual Inspection is
can be divided into two groups:
Direct visual inspection.
The inspection is done at a short distance from the object, making the most of the
natural visual capacity of the inspector. Magnifying glasses, microscopes are used,
lamps or flashlights, and measurement instruments are often used such as
calipers, calipers, micrometers, rulers, and gauges.
Patricio Urbina Guzmán
Practice N0 01
Practice date: 2017-05-02
2017-05-16
Fig. 1. Use of gauge for welds [2]
Remote visual inspection.
Remote visual inspection is used in cases where access is not available.
directly to the components to be inspected, or in those components in which,
due to its design, it is very difficult to access its internal cavities. For inspection
remote visual examination requires the use of instruments such as rigid endoscopes
(baroscopes), flexible endoscopes, videoscopes, and fibroscopes with which
he can reach most internal cavities and inaccessible places for him
inspector.
Fig.2 Direct videoendoscopy [3]
Urbina Guzmán Patricio
Practice N001
2017-05-02
2017-05-16
4. OBTAINED DATA
SCHEME DESCRIPTION
On the observed plate, one can
appreciate a welding wire
uniform with good penetration
Plate data
but that has some cracks
28.4mm
transversals and splashes to the
19mm
Thickness (e) = 60mm length of its length.
Welding wire data
Width = 13mm
Face of the mount (e1) = 2mm
Overlay of the root (e2) = 1mm
IMAGES OF THE PLATE
Urbina Guzmán Patricio
Practice N001
Practice date: 2017-05-02
2017-05-16
5. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
In the weld seam, discontinuities were observed, such as in the case of
splashes along its length, as well as incomplete fusion at one end
of the weld bead. Regarding the overlap of the root and the face, it does not
there is an excess of reinforcement or oversizing.
6. SPECIAL WORKS AND CONSULTATIONS
1. Exams that staff must pass to conduct the trial of
Visual Inspection?
. Eye exams
Vision exams must be administered to all level I staff.
II or III, as well as to all the apprentices. The application of the exams
The view can be delegated to level III staff in END, to a doctor.
surgeon, ophthalmic surgeon, optometrist or to a
qualified nurse.
. Near visual acuity
This exam must ensure near-distance visual acuity, natural
or corrected (with the use of glasses), in at least one eye, in such a way that
the candidate must be able to read at least the letter number 2 of the letter
Jaeger, or a type and size of letter equivalent, at the designated distance
in the letter, that is no less than 30.5 centimeters (12 inches); they are
acceptable similar testing patterns. This exam must be
administered annually.
. Color differentiation
This exam must demonstrate the ability to distinguish and differentiate
the colors used in the method(s) of grading. The colors
those used for the exam will be those involved in the method in which
the staff will be certified. This exam should be applied in the
initial certification and subsequently every five years. [3]
. Team
Visual inspection may require the use of special tools or
team. The tools or equipment will depend on the application and the degree
of required precision.
. Experience and Training
Another obvious prerequisite is that the Visual Inspector must have sufficient
knowledge and skill to carry out satisfactory visual inspection
significantly
2. Personal criterion for the scope of the AWS B1.11:2000 code?
Urbina Guzmán Patricio
Practice N001
Practice date: 2017-05-02
2017-05-16
This code refers to the requirements for the personnel who perform a
visual inspection essay including limitations or capabilities
physical, also technical knowledge, training, experience, judgment and
certification. Thanks to meeting these requirements, the person in charge
Carrying out this type of essay provides a quality and guaranteed work of
the company that requests this service.
3. What materials and equipment are used in Visual Inspection?
. Mirrors
. Lenses (amplifiers or magnifiers)
. Prisms
. Rules of Steel
. Micrometers
. Optical comparators
. Vernier Calipers
. Cover indicators
. Calibrators (gauges)
. Thermometers
. Promoters
. Microscopes
. Borescopes
. Video cameras
4. What are the qualification levels for Visual Inspection?
. Level 1
The level 1 individual in END must be qualified to carry out
specific calibrations properly of the testing equipment for
carry out specific ENDs and specific evaluations to determine the
acceptance or rejection of the results obtained.
. Level 2
An individual at level 2 in END must be qualified to carry out the
adjustment and calibration of the test equipment to interpret and evaluate
results regarding standards, codes, and specifications.
. Level 3
An individual at level 3 in END must be able to develop, qualify, and
approve procedures, establish and approve techniques, interpret
codes and standards, specifications and inspection procedures.
5. What variables should be considered according to your opinion to avoid having
welding problems?
Patricio Urbina Guzmán
Practice N001
Practice date: 2017-05-02
Delivery date: 2017-05-16
The variables that should be taken into account are the speed of advancement, the
arc voltage, electrode orientation (push angle, drag angle)
joint position and electrode diameter.
6. What tests would you suggest to ensure the quality of the samples?
examined?
. Visual essay
. Penetrant liquids
. Magnetic particles
. X-ray
. Ultrasound
7. CONCLUSIONS
. With this type of essay, it was possible to determine the discontinuities of type
superficial present along the weld seam.
. The correct use of measuring devices and proper visualization
From the test tube, they gave us a clear overview of the discontinuities.
found
8. RECOMMENDATIONS
. Good lighting is needed to detect defects
present in the test tube.
. The correct use of measuring equipment
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] [Link]
[2][Link]
[Link]
[3][Link]
de-END
[4]Visual Inspection
[Link] PRACTICE WRITING
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