Industrial Use of Arapaima gigas
Industrial Use of Arapaima gigas
AGROINDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
AGROINDUSTRIAL WORKSHOP II
STUDENTS :
CYCLE III
DATE TUESDAY_JULY_30_2019
INDEX
SUMMARY
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTIONN .5
II. OBJECTIVES 6
2.1. General objectives............................................................................................... 6
2.2. Specific Objectives.................................................................................... 6
III. REVISION OF LITERATURE
3.1. PAICHE...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2. INFORMATION ABOUT THE PAICHE .................................Error! Bookmark not defined
IV. METHODOLOGY 13
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHYA ................................................................................................................. 24
DEDICATION
I dedicate first and foremost to ING. DARWIN
ESTACIO ALBORNOZ for providing me with the
opportunity to learn from their masters
classes; I also dedicate it to Engineer Cristian
Moreno Ríos, employee of the Amazon CITE,
who humbly agreed to support us
throughout the entire process of production
products.
SUMMARY
Finally, with the products already finished and suitable for human consumption,
proceeded to carry out the sensory analysis of each product.
ABSTRACT
Our research products based on arapaima gigas fish (paiche) were trained in the
Amazonian fishing CITE Pucallpa km6, with the supervision of two engineers (Ángel
Bustillos), (Cristian Errol Moreno Rios) y un operador de planta (Hemilton Arimuya Pacaya).
Our processes lasted 4 days beginning on 17-07-19 with the hamburger meat product.
Another product on paiche canned 18-07-19, the last product on 19-07-19 pacina cecina.
with its procedure of 24 hours in maceration and smoked together with the conserve.
Finally, with the products already finished and suitable for human consumption, we
proceeded to perform the sensory analysis of each product.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fish are highly perishable foods, environmental conditions
from the humid tropical zone, such as our Peruvian Amazon, makes it favorable for
accelerate the deterioration process of fish caught either in rivers or
fish farms; this makes it vulnerable as a quality raw material for the
obtaining a product of quality as well. The existing technologies in the
world, they can be applied in this part of the Amazon to increase
the bioindustry with better quality products. Aquaculture in the Amazon
it has a promising future, as the number of fish farms is increasing
and this makes one think that the marketing system cannot be only
in fresco.
The Paiche (Arapaima gigas), one of the representative species of the fauna
ichthyological of the Peruvian jungle, is the largest of the freshwater fish of
world that has been declared endangered.
Its population, however, is so small that it depends a lot on the complex.
natural cycle and the slow reproduction rate of these animals that due to their
characteristics and natural adaptation to the jungle environment is undoubtedly one of the
most promising species for the Peruvian Amazon.
Its number decreases and the demand increases uncontrollably. Without
embargo, in the remote jungles of Ucayali, a handful of fishermen
artisanal has succeeded not only in protecting the great fish from extinction, but it
has become the basis of a spectacular example of rational resource use,
That is why there are currently private entities dedicated to breeding.
from Paiche.
The high nutritional value also suggests the need for the search for
new ways of marketing this species that guarantee a greater
acceptance by consumers and greater added value for the
final producers.
An important point within this conception is the preparation of food,
ready for consumption, or easy to prepare, which raises the need for
develop research that leads to the acquisition of technologies
novel and suitable for industrial-level production.
II. OBJECTIVES
Digital scale
Thermometer
Electric dryer
Electric smoker
Autoclave
Industrial refrigerator
2.3.3. Raw material
Treated Water
Spices
Fish (paiche)
Vegetable oil
Egg
2.3.2. packaging materials.
Vacuum sealer
Three micron bag
3.1.1 PAICHE
[Link].Taxonomy
Order: Osteoglossiformes.
Suborder: Osteoglossoidei
Superfamily: Osteoglossoidae
Family: Osteoglossidae
Genus: Arapaima
Arapaima gigas Cuvier
The Paiche has a light brown color on its back and slightly
whitish in the lateral and ventral regions. During the breeding season,
the male changes this whitish coloration to a brick red color
in the lower region of the head and in the lateral region of the body and of
the tail. (Fernandez, P. 2010)
The female exhibits the same coloration, but with less intensity.
This pigmentation can vary depending on the color of the surrounding water.
where the fish lives. In black water environments, colors become more pronounced.
The region of the Paiche's tail is compressed and includes the third
the posterior of the body, where the dorsal and anal fins are inserted, which
they converge towards the caudal fin without joining. (Fernandez, P. 2010)
The origins of the hamburger are uncertain, but it may have been
elaborated for the first time in the period that goes from the end of the century
XIX until the beginning of the XX. The modern hamburger is born from the
GRINDING
COMMON SALT: 0.020 KG
0.010 KG
BLACK PEPPER 0.001 KG
CURED
ANNATTO: 0.004 KG ONION
0.080
KG CORNSTARCH: 0.013 KG
BANANA FLOUR 0.008 KG
MIXED
0.050 KG MILK IN
0.050 LARD
Vegetable 0.020 KG Oil
0.010 Lt FORMED AND SHAPED
0.023 Lt
COOKING 100°C
COOLING 40 min
Canned
STORED
FISH CONSERVATION DIAGRAM
COLD
CLASSIFICATION
VEGETABLE OIL
AND BRINE ADDITION OF GOVERNMENT LIQUIDITY
SEALED
STERILIZED 116 °C
STORED
FISH JERKY FLOWCHART
SQUEEZED WATER
SMOKE Smoked
DRYING WATER
Canned
STORED
HAMBURGER
FISH CONSERVATION
sealed.
STERILIZED
Three treatments were carried out.
In this process, the sealed containers were placed in the autoclave.
for 70 minutes from 55.5 ºC to reach 116 ºC at 1 Bar.
In this process, the sealed containers were placed in the autoclave.
for 75 minutes from 55.5 ºC to reach 116 ºC at 1 Bar.
C003: In this process, the sealed containers were placed in the autoclave.
for 80 minutes from 55.5 ºC to reach 116 ºC at 1 Bar.
COLD
STORED
Paiche Jerky
RECEPTION OF RAW MATERIAL
The meat of Paiche (ARAPAIMA GIGAS) was purchased.
approximately 1 kg of pure pulp taking maximum care in
the state of conservation of it. Requiring that it be fresh
and of a whitish hue.
Likewise, the other supplies were purchased while checking the dates.
of expiration, to avoid failures due to prior deteriorations of the
same.
WASHING AND DISINFECTION
A solution with hypochlorite was prepared before carrying out the wash.
sodium at 400 ppm, in which the meat was soaked for 5 minutes as
maximum to have a meat free of environmental contaminants,
that is to take precautions against possible contamination.
FILETIADO
In this process, only the separation of the pulp was carried out with some
bones that the meat contained. Three types of steaks were made each
one with different thicknesses c1 (2 cm thick) c2 (1.5 cm thick)
thickness) c3 (1 cm thick).
CURED / MIXED
All the ingredients were added, to then knead and massage.
to achieve complete homogenization.
REFRIGERATED
It was refrigerated at a temperature of 8ºC for 12 hours.
DRAINED
In this process, the cured meat was placed in a dish with
holes to facilitate water drainage.
SMOKED
It was done for two hours with the help of an industrial smoker.
DRYING
It was done for 2 hours in the industrial dryer.
COLD
PACKAGING
STORED
HAMBURGER (AROMA)
H1 H2 H3
Acceptance 13 9 11
AROMA
Series1 Series5
15
13
10
11
9
5
6
2 4
0
H1 H2 H3
SAMPLES
BURGER (COLOR)
H1 H2 H3
Acceptance 12 11 10
REJECTION 3 4 5
Figure 1.
COLOR
15 12 11 10
10
4 5
5 3
0
H1 H2 H3
TREATMENTS
Series1 Series5
Figure
2. Acceptance and rejection according to sensory analysis regarding color
of the hamburgers in three types.
BURGER (TEXTURE)
H1 H2 H3
ACCEPTANCE 14 12 5
REJECTION 1 3 10
TEXTURE
16 14
14 12
12 10
10
8
6 5
4 3
2 1
0
H1 H2 H3
TREATMENTS
Series1 Series5
BURGER (FLAVOR)
H1 H2 H3
ACCEPTANCE 15 11 9
FLAVOR
16 15
14
12 11
10 9
8 6
6 4
4
2 0
0
H1 H2 H3
TREATMENTS
Series1 Series5
Figure 4. Acceptance and rejection according to sensory analysis regarding texture
of the hamburgers in three types.
Acceptance
14.5
14 R² = 1
13.5
13
12.5
12
11.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Rejection
3.5
3 R² = 1
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Chávez, T. 2015. States that canned goods are required to have commercial sterility or
microbiological stability, that is, "Absence of pathogenic microorganisms or
no pathogens capable of causing changes in food in the
normal storage conditions.
In the preparation of paiche preserves, the sterilization process was carried out
finished by using an autoclave at 116 °C for 75 min, which gives us
ensures that the product is in good condition.
decrease to 5.6–5.8 and some species up to 6.0 pH, due to the formation of
lactic acid and as the pH rises to values of 6.9–7.2 there are already signs
of fish deterioration.
In the process of making paiche products, consideration was not taken into account.
this parameter, since a pH meter was not available.
According to Cáceda, C. 2003. He says that the % of water content in fish varies.
between 60-80% and is inversely proportional to the fat content.
VII. CONCLUSIONS
A hamburger made from Paiche meat was successfully developed, having
count the flour mixes for breading.
Cecina was successfully prepared using Paiche meat,
treatments the thickness of the meat.
The preservation of Paiche meat in vegetable oil was successfully made and/or
brine, taking into account the variation in the governing liquid.
It was possible to sensory evaluate each of the products.
made based on Paiche.
VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Steamed
Vacuum sealed of the
paiche burgers
Sterilization of jars
Temperature measurement of
government liquid
Filling of the liquid of
government
Sealing of jars
Stacked jars
Vacuum packaging