Understanding Histograms and Their Types
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Histograms and Their Types
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsHISTOGRAMS
CONCEPT
In statistics, a histogram is a graphical representation of a variable in
bar form, where the surface area of each bar is proportional to the frequency
of the values represented, either in differential or accumulated form. They serve to
to obtain a general overview or panorama of the distribution of the population,
or the sample, concerning a characteristic, quantitative and continuous, of it and
what is of interest to the observer (such as length or mass). In this way
provides a group view allowing to observe a preference, or trend, for
part of the sample or population located in a specific region of
values within the spectrum of possible values (whether infinite or not) that can be
acquire the characteristic.
TYPES OF HISTOGRAMS
Simple bar charts
Represent the simple frequency (absolute or relative) through the height of the bar.
which is proportional to the simple frequency of the category it represents.
Composite bar charts
It is used to represent the information of a double-entry table, that is, starting from
of two variables, which are represented like this; the height of the bar represents the
simple frequency of the modalities or categories of the variable and this height is
proportional to the simple frequency of each modality.
Grouped bar charts
It is used to represent the information of a double-entry table, that is, based on
of two variables, which is represented by a set of bars as
they are classified according to the different modalities.
Frequency polygon
It is a line graph of the absolute frequencies of the values of a
distribution in which the height of the point associated with a value of the variables is
proportional to the frequency of that value.
Percentile curve
It is a cumulative graph, which is very useful when you want to represent the range.
percentage of each value in a frequency distribution.
CONSTRUCTION OF A HISTOGRAM
Step 1
Determine the range of the data. The range is equal to the largest data item minus the data.
minor
Step 2
Obtain all class numbers, there are 2 criteria to determine the number.
of classes (or bars) – for example, theSturges' [Link], none of them
It's exact. Some authors recommend five to fifteen classes, depending on
how the data are and how many there are. A criterion often used is that the
the number of classes should be approximately the square root of the number of
data. For example, the square root of 30 (number of articles) is greater than
five, so six classes are selected.
Step 3
Establish the class length: it is equal to the range divided by the number of classes.
Step 4
Construct the class intervals: The intervals result from dividing the range of the
data related to the result of the PASO 2 at different intervals
Step 5
Plot the histogram: In case the classes are all of the same width,
a pie chart is made, the bases of the bars are the class intervals
and the height is the frequency of the classes. If the midpoints of the base are connected
the upper part of the rectangles gives the frequency polygon.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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