Neutralization Volumetry of HCl Solution
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsNeutralization Volumetry of HCl Solution
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsMiguel Pérez Nieto Chemistry April 22, 2010
1st BACH CT1 Laboratory
NEUTRALIZATION VOLUMETRY:
Objective:
Find the molarity of a hydrochloric acid solution problem.
Introduction:
Acids are substances that release H+ (protons), they give them up when putting them
in contact with water. They dissociate into ions: HCl H+ + Cl-
Bases are substances that yield OH.- In the middle, they dissociate into ions:
Sodium Hydroxide Na+ + OH-
Water also dissociates into H ions.+ (proton, hydrogen ion) and OH- (ion
hydroxide or hydroxyl) in very low proportion: H2The H+ + OH-
In a neutral aqueous solution, the concentrations of H+ and OH- they are the same. One
acidic solution is one in which the concentrations are H+ OH- , and in a
basic dissolution is satisfied that H+ < OH-.
The pH is a way to measure the concentration of H.+ and is defined as: pH = -log
H+In a neutral aqueous solution, pH = 7. A pH value < 7 (from 7 to
0) indicates that the solution is acidic while a pH value > 7 (from 7
up to 14) means that the solution is basic.
Indicators
Indicators are substances that have the property of changing color when
vary the acidity of the solution in which they are found. We will use the
phenolphthalein.
Neutralization reactions
In neutralization reactions, an acid (HCl) reacts with a
base (NaOH), in order to determine the concentration of an acidic substance or
basic in the solution. In our case to determine the concentration of HCl.
If we have an acidic solution that contains an unknown amount of acid,
It can be determined by gradually adding a base until it is neutralized.
the dissolution. We will know when it has been neutralized thanks to the indicator.
(phenolphthalein), which we had previously added to the HCl solution, since
it will begin to acquire a pink color (medium basic).
Once the solution has been neutralized, as the amount of base (NaOH)
the added is known, the amount of acid that was in the
dissolution.
The products resulting from the reaction of an acid and a base are always a
salt and water: acid + base = salt + water
For example, the reaction we will see, of hydrochloric acid with the
Sodium hydroxide results in the salt sodium chloride and water, since NaOH
will neutralize the HCl:
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
Material:
Bureta
Beaker
0.1M NaOH solution
10 ml of HCl solution with unknown concentration
• Phenolphthalein (indicator medium basic
acidic or neutral
Sheet of paper
HCl
phenolphthalein
Sodium hydroxide
Procedure:
1-. Fill the burette with NaOH: we fill a 50 ml burette.
with a 0.1 M NaOH solution. We look at how far it goes
NaOH; initial volume -> v033.2 ml.
2-. Add an indicator to the acid solution: we add 2/3
drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the beaker of the
dissolution of HCl.
3-. Place a sheet under the beaker.
paper to better assess the color change of the solution
of HCl, due to the change in pH.
4-. Titrate HCl with NaOH until the endpoint
equivalence: we open the stopcock of the burette and let it
drops fall more quickly at the beginning. At the same time as
The drops of NaOH are falling into the beaker.
(with the dissolution of HCl), we stir the glass of
precipitates so that the droplets of base that fall are
Distribute throughout the solution and neutralize the H.+.
Initially, each drop of NaOH that falls will originate a
small pink circle (phenolphthalein = medium
Step 1
basic); but this will disappear when shaking the glass, since
Step 2
the base will find an acid with which to neutralize itself and
as the solution remains acidic, it becomes
uncolored.
H+ + OH- = H2O (NEUTRALIZATION)
When we see the pink color of the drops of
NaOH takes longer to disappear, we close it a bit
tap of the burette so that the drops fall more
slowly, and thus obtain greater precision at the time
to completely close the valve; that, finally,
we will close when the color of the solution turns
rosy. This will mean that all the acid has
neutralized (none left)+in the dissolution) and that now
the dissolution is slightly basic, due to the last one
drop of OH- that has not been neutralized; (phenolphthalein
rose = medium basic).
5-. Record the final volume of the NaOH from the
burette: we record the volume of NaOH that
mark the burette after neutralization;
final volume vf = 36.9 ml.
6-. Calculate the volume of NaOH that has been
used in the neutralization:f- v036.9 ml
- 33.2 ml = 3.7 ml
Step 4
When a while passes, it will seem
that the dissolution is put
transparent, the intense pink becomes
clarifies/softens. This is due to
to which the CO2from the air
dissolve in H2O and forms acid
carbonic (H2CO3) then to
acidic news in the solution,
this is due to phenolphthalein,
it becomes colorless.
Step 4/5
7-. Carry out the necessary calculations to determine the concentration of the
dilution of HCl.
• 1st Calculate the moles of OH- that have fallen into the glass (moles that
they have consumed in the neutralization).
- NaOH => 0.1M
Used volume = 3.7 ml
3.7 ml = 3.7 cm3 0.00037 mol 0.00037 moles of NaOH
that have been consumed in
the neutralization
• 2nd Calculate the moles of H+ what was in the beaker.
The moles of OH- they coincide with those of H+, since to neutralize an amount
of H+ unknown the same amount of OH is needed-This is due to the
stoichiometric ratio of proton ions (H)+) and hydroxide (OH-it is 1:1,
that is, each OH- fallen into the glass is neutralized with an H+:H+ + OH- = H2O.
Therefore, as I have said, the number of moles of NaOH added since the
The amount from the start to the equivalence point is equal to the number of moles of HCl.
0.00037 moles of NaOH = 0.00037 moles of HCl
• 3rd Finally, we can calculate the concentration (molarity) of the
dissolution problem (dissolution of HCl).
Volume of HCl solution = 10 cm3
Moles HCl = 0.00037 moles
M = moles solute / liters solution
10 cm310 ml = 0.01 liters of solution
0.00037 moles HCl / 0.01 liters M = 0.037 mol/l
There is a faster system that consists of the following formula:
(Acid Molarity)·(Acid Volume) = (Base Molarity)·(Volume of base added)
Molarity HCl = (Molarity NaOH) x (Volume of NaOH added)
Volume of HCl
Molarity HCl = 0.1 M x 3.7 ml 0.037 mol/l
10 ml