Angel de Andrés Martínez

Industrial Engineer from ICAI and Engineer

Industrial Technician from ICAI. Currently he is a Professor.
Property of the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Compression engine
variable y Atkinson cycle without
friction or vibrations
Keywords:Compressor of Key words:Piston compressor
pistons, Atkinson cycle, compression Atkinson cycle, variable compression,
Eduardo García Sánchez variable, performance improvement. high efficiency.
Industrial Engineer Doctor from ICAI. He is currently
Professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Resumen
The present article presents a model Abstract
internal combustion engine/compressor This article shows a Prototype com-
of pistons in which it has been achieved combustion/compressor piston engine whe-
of the displacement of the connecting rod the connecting rod moves along a
be done in a straight line. This, together with the straight line. This fact, along with the
possibility of variable compression and to variable compression which is possible
the variation in the effective career of the to offer with the present development
admission and understanding necessary for and the variable piston displacement
Maria Ana Saenz Nuñoz to carry out anAtkinson cycle, they make it in the induction makes and important
Bachelor's degree in Physical Sciences (Complutense University propose a high-interest model for contribution to the reduction of fuel
PhD at ICAI in 2002. Current- regarding consumption, as well as by cost consumption as well as maintenance
She is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. of maintenance. costs.

2 annals of mechanics and electricity / March-April 2010

Introduction Brief description of the The present invention uses di-
The present invention relates to state of the art that configuration, replacing the
a high-efficiency thermal machine In order to reduce the friction... piston, which is connected to the planetary gear,
CIA, which brings together several characteristics lateral gaps between piston and cylinder are by two kinematic links that
aimed at reducing consumption. A they have conceived, throughout history, they constitute the head of the piston and
these advantages are combined with a balanced a large number of configurations that his foot, and they have relative movement
of first and second order and a they achieve a linear movement of between themselves: turning the head of the
greater longevity of the cylinders and piston without the need to be guided piston with respect to its foot, due to
pistons. through the cylinders. These efforts co- a threaded joint, the changes are made to the
Due to its technical characteristics they emerge in the era of the machines measures of the set, achieving
its field of application is very steam and for this they were used a height difference at the point
wide. complicated kinematic chains or superior dead and modifying from
Shows maximum interest in sliders. this way the purchase relationship
the automotive field, due to An interesting configuration, with- session.
to its great performance and its adaptability system in a dien crown In order to achieve a
ability to function in a way that is optimal interiors and planetarium that per- great variation in effective career
time in different conditions of how to fix the rod at a point whose from admission and compression, nece-
work. trajectory is a straight line, which would be used to carry out an Atkinson cycle,
2. Applying it to static machines, convert the movement of the connecting rod into an intake valve is used
the interest focuses on the absence of a movement of translation. To the evi- rotating, whose closure can be un-
vibrations, good performance, and little as the connecting rod tilts, they disappear distributor, and that operates in series with a
wear of the piston-ring set the forces that the cylinder exerts on second valve, of conventional design
to-cylinder. the piston and the associated frictions. national, which is responsible for the final closing
3. Due to the absence of clearing- This concept, which is known as and to combat high pressures.
clearance between piston and cylinder, is from the first steam engines, one This solution, of great simplicity, is
of utmost interest to the com- finds it very elaborate in a pa- possibly due to the broken valve-
refrigeration compressors, being able to tent of 1914: No. 271755 Klosse 46th Tiva retains a differentiated pressure.
use refrigerant gases without lubrication Group 30. inferior to a bar, and a closure imper-
songs. In this field, the possibility The idea has been attempted to be patented. the effect does not penalize performance. The
variable compression can be used many other times due to the des- Figure 1 shows the mechanism of
to optimize and regulate said knowledge of the works before- complete.
cycles. rivers.
Objectives
Figure 1. Complete view of the engine The objectives that are desired are
grar is a better performance of
the engines or compressors act
the. To this end, actions are taken in several
fronts:
1. The friction between is eliminated
piston and cylinder characteristic of
all the engines made up of
crankshafts that tilt, which originates-
to a friction force. Such
force causes great losses me-
mechanics.
2. A purchasing system is used
variable session that improves the ter-cycl
dynamic for any demand
of power.
3. In order to combine, in
usual low consumption conditions
with great peaks of power,
a control of the race is resorted to
of the admission process
using a rotary valve of
variable offset that works in se-
laugh with another architecture valve

Variable compression engine and Atkinson cycle without friction or vibrations 3

 –Figure 2–. Consists of one or two pi-
Figure 2. Crankshaft configuration
knots that have a rotation axis
the crankshaft bushing, whose
primitive radio is (m). The articulates-
components that connect this piece to the piston,
or the pistons, are made up of
one or two off-center disks
I expect a value from the axis of the sprockets
same love.
One or more toothed crowns
internally – Figure 3 – with a radius
primitive twice as great as the ma-
crankshaft level (2 m), solidarity to
the bench.
4. The bench – Figure 3 – base on
the one that articulates the crankshaft and don-
of the cylinders, of
so that its axes of symmetry are
perpendicular to the axis of rotation of
crankshaft and cut it.
5. Two kinematic links: the
piston head - Figure 4 - which
It consists of a disc with a pro-
tuberancia with external streaks and
with a threaded drill, and the foot of the
conventional. This second valve and the axis of the wrist will be designated piston, which acts as a screw and joins
it has its closure delayed and is facing porn. the whole set to the connecting rod plane-
It's time to close the high pressures. 2. A kinematic link that connects taria. The relative movement of the
the crankshaft with the piston or pistons head and the foot of the piston, to the en-
Description of the mechanism Figure 2 corresponds to the connecting rod in the to break down, modify the total length,
The system of the present patent of traditional motors, whose part- varying in this way the height
invention consists of one or several with- essential feature is that it has a maximum reached and being modified
together constituted by: angular velocity of the same magnitude the compression.
1. Crankshaft - Figure 2 - whose mane- that of the crankshaft and counter-sign 6. A guide to the protuberance
sail (distance between its axis of rotation river. It will be designated as a rotating portal from the piston head –Figure 4–,
formed by a bevel pinion and a
Figure 3. Assembly of the cylinders on the crankshaft stripped drill that, in addition to
guide the piston vertically, it does
turn when intending to screw
the one about his foot. Engages with another
pinion that allows it to be moved from
outside the cylinders. It can be
supported on several bearings
peripherals.
7. A rotary valve formed by
a plate that spins inside a ra-
nura –Figure 5–. Another configuration
it is possible to carry it out through an axis
rotary with a transverse drill
that cuts off the flow of gas. Another alteration
it is natural to use a tube and accept it
gas axially.
This design achieves that the arti-
culmination or joints of the connecting rod
rotating, which join to the feet of the
pistons, describe a straight line
(in extension to the axis of symmetry

4 annals of mechanics and electricity / March-April 2010

of the cylinder), even before having Figure 4. Detail of the piston head
mounted the pistons.
This means that, when turning the crankshaft
and without having mounted the pis-
tones, the anchor point of the piston
(what is an off-center disk part-
related to the rotating rod) will have a
totally defined movement, des-
writing its center a diameter of the
fixed crown that coincides with the axis of the
cylinder.
This is achieved in the following way-
ma:
The rotor is formed by one or
various gears whose axis of rotation
it will be the crankshaft bearing. These
gears are mutually supportive to one or go-
unbalanced disks that are
situated on different planes; the medi-
from between the center of these disks and
the axis of the gears is m. These
discs will serve as joints
of the pistons.
This piece connects the crankshaft and piston
and, therefore, the role of the connecting rod Due to the chosen relationship Px = m. cos (w.t) - m'. cos (w.t) =
in a traditional engine. between gear and inner crown is (m - m´). cos (w.t)
In order for this rod to 1:2, the crown has double the num- As m = m' => Px = 0
tativa was completely positioned number of teeth than the gear, and
for a predefined angle of the crank the absolute angular velocity of this It is demonstrated that one is forced to
branch, even before having mounted gear is the same as that of the ci- piston to perform a movement of
the piston, it is necessary that its po- gear with opposite direction. pure translation along the Y axis, that
the angular position became determined. This leads to the situation showing- coincides with the axis of symmetry of the floor
This is achieved because of their see in Figure 5. tone, so no forces will appear
pinions mesh with the crowns Deducing that the position of the lateral spaces between the cylinder and the piston.

of interior teeth, which are soli- piston with respect to a coordinate axis The position of the piston as a function
you would give to the bench and concentric the horizontal X passing through the center of time will be, with respect to an axis of
with the crankshaft. The axis of the main crankshaft is: verticalYCoordinates

Figure 5. Detail of the valves

Variable compression engine and Atkinson cycle without friction or vibrations 5

 Figure 6. Detail of the piston foot

P_y = m · sin(w · t) + m' · sin(w · t) = the explosions. To all these come second valve, which has the closure
(m + m'). sin (w.t) Tajas joins the great improvement of the ren- Delayed, this is completely closed.
As m = m' => Py = 2. m. sin (w.t) dimiento, having eliminated the This second valve, similar to which-
mechanical wear, and a greater what the usual valve is responsible for
Being Py the distance travelled longevity of the pistons, cylinders complete the admission closure
the piston. and segments. and fights high pressure. The
The movement of the piston, sinusoidal To avoid geometric interferences the plate can move with a turn
pure, allows for a total balance case, the union between the piston and the rotoralternative sent by a system-
in front of the balanced only of it is done through one disc des- electromagnetic or power
first order of the majority of the oversized centered for fluid, controlled by a microprocessor
engines), and significantly improves the that, throughout a complete turn, sador, or with synchronized turns with
thermodynamic cycle (the piston is the CI doll can be saved the crankshaft, being able to, in this case,
more time in the corresponding zone güenal. adjust the phase for control
to the combustion). With the con- The rotary valve formed by the filling. Depending on your
In configuration V, kinetic energy is a plate that rotates within a ra- geometric shape, can rotate to the
constant, limiting the need for Nura,cutoffthegasflowinthepro- same speed as the crankshaft, or
flywheel for regulation process of admission before the twice as slow. It can be used-
to control the same board
admission of a second cylinder in
parallel. The rotary valve also
it can be done through an axis
rotary with a cross drill
cut off the gas supply. Another to-
an alternative is to use a tube and admi-
pull the gas axially.
When less power is required
Hi, in multicylinder engines, there
you can completely disconnect the
contribution of some cylinder, eliminate-
Nando is working on shifting the prime-
the intake valve in such a way that
close completely when the se-
Gunda is open. It can be completed.
to apply this technique by adding another valve
similar in series to the escape one, with
the end of reducing pressure losses of
pumping.

6 annals of mechanics and electricity / March-April 2010