DESIGN OF SLAB

FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
 Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 6.3 m
Short Direction (La) 4.6 m
Depth at short 104 mm
Depth at long 92 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 1 mm
Φ 0.75
λ 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (1-2s)

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

L L
>2 , OneWay , <2 ,Two Way
S S

6.3
=1.3696 <2 ,therefore , Two Way Slab
4.6

Thickness, h

2( La+ Lb) 2(4600+6300)

h= = =121.1111mm=130 mm
180 180

, thereforeuse 130 mm thickness of slab

Effective Depth, d

1 1
d 1=h−cc − ( db ) d 1=130−20− (12 )=104 mm
2 2
1 1
d 2=h−cc −db− ( db ) d 2=130−20−12− ( 12 )=92 mm
2 2

Factored Load, ω u

ω u=1.2 ( DL ) +1.6 ( ¿ )

ω u=1.2 ( 4.4391 ) +1.6 ( 4.8 )

ω u=13.0069 kPa

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 8

@0.75 and 0.7, respectively @0.75 and 0.7, respectively

Ca¬¿ ¿ Cb¬¿ ¿
0.61 0.036
0.068 0.029
By interpolation @0.73
0.638 0.362
Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

M a=( 13 . 0069 ) ( 0 . 638 ) ( 4 . 6 2)

2
M a=ωu Caneg l a
M a=17 . 5595 kN −m

M b=( 13.0069 )( 0.362 ) ( 6.32 )

2
M b=ωu Cbneg l b
M b=17.1394 kN−m

Check Shear Reinforcement

W a=0.638

W b =0.362

W ua= ( 0.638 ) ( 8.2984 ) ( 1 )=24.8621 kN

V u=24.8621 ( 0.104 )=24.8621 kN

Φ V c =0.75 x 0.17 λ √ f ' c bwd

Φ V c =0.75(0.17) ( 1 ) √ 35 ( 1000 ) ( 104 ) =78.4473 kN

 78.4473 kN > 24.8621 kN

Φ V c >V u ∴ Adequate for Shear

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
17.5595 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=6.5097 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(6.5097)(1000)=As (420)

2
As=461.1038 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab (12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
461.1038
 S=245.275 mm ≈240 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

461.1038
N=
π
(12 )2
4

N=4.08 say 5 bars

Therefore, use 5-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 240 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
17.1394 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=7.243 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(7.243)(1000)= As (420)

2
As=513.0458 m m
Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin =( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .

Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
513.0458

S=220.4428 mm ≈220 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

513.0458
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=4.54 say 5 bars

Therefore, use 5-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 210 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

@0.75 and @0.70, respectively @0.75 and @0.70, respectively
CaDL Cb DL
0.036 0.013
0.04 0.011
By interpolation @0.73
0.0376 0.0122
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
@0.75 and @0.70, respectively @0.75 and @0.70, respectively
Ca¿ Cb¿
0.049 0.016
0.054 0.014
By interpolation @0.73
0.051 0.0152
Dead Load Live Load
2
M a , DL =ωu C a l a M a ,≪¿=ω C l ¿ 2
u a a

M a=( 5.3269 )( 0.0376 ) ( 4.62 ) M a=( 7.68 )( 0.051 ) ( 4.62 )

M a=4.2382 kN−m M a=8.288 kN−m

2
M b , DL =ωu C b l b M b ,≪¿=ω C l ¿ 2
u a a

M b=( 5.3269 )( 0.0122 ) ( 6.32 ) M b=( 3.04 ) ( 0.0152 ) ( 6.32 )

M b=2.5794 kN −m M b=4.6333 kN −m
M a , DL + M a ,≪¿=12.5262kN −m ¿ M b , DL + M b ,≪¿=7.2127kN −m ¿

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2
 6 a
12.5262 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=4.6001 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(4.6001)(1000)=As (420)

2
As=325.8404 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin =( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm
Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
7.2127 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=2.9762 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(2.9762)(1000)= As(420)

2
As=210.8142 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin =( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

1 1
M a= (Positive moment) M a= (12.5262)
3 3
M a=4.1754 kN −m
1 1
M b= (Positive moment) M b= (7.2127)
3 3
M b=2.4042 kN −m
Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
4.1754 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=1.5104 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(1.5104 )(1000)= As(420)

2
As=106.9867 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450
 Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
2.4042 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=0.9812 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(0.9812)(1000)= As (420)

2
As=69.5017 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
 Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (2-2s)

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 3.5 m
Short Direction (La) 3.15 m
Depth at short 104 mm
Depth at long 92 mm
 bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 130 mm
Φ 0.75
λ 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

L L
>2 , OneWay , <2 ,Two Way
S S

3.5
=1.1111<2 , therefore, Two Way Slab
3.15

Thickness, h

2( La+ Lb) 2(3150+3500)

h= = =73.8889 mm=75 mm
180 180

, thereforeuse 130 mm thickness of slab

Effective Depth, d

1 1
d 1=h−cc − ( db ) d 1=130−20− (12 )=104 mm
2 2
1 1
d 2=h−cc −db− ( db ) d 2=130−20−12− ( 12 )=92 mm
2 2
Factored Load, ω u

ω u=1.2 ( DL ) +1.6 ( ¿ )

ω u=1.2 ( 4.4391 ) +1.6 ( 3.3 )

ω u=13.0069 kPa

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 9

@ 0.90

Ca¬¿ ¿ Cb¬¿ ¿
0.068 0.025

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

 M a=( 13.0069 )( 0.068 ) ( 3150 2)
2
M a=ωu Caneg l a
M a=8.7762kN −m

M b=( 13.0069 )( 0.04 ) ( 35002 )

2
M b=ωu Cbneg l b
M b=3.9834 kN −m

Check Shear Reinforcement

W a=0.75

W b =0.25

W ua= ( 0.75 ) (13.0069 )( 1 ) =3.2517 kN

V u=3.2517 ( 0.104 ) =5.1898 kN

Φ V c =0.75 x 0.17 λ √ f ' c bwd

Φ V c =0.75 x 0.17 ( 1 ) √ 32 ( 1000 ) ( 104 ) =78.4473 kN

 78.4473 kN > 5.1898 kN

Φ V c >V u ∴ Adequate for Shear

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
8.7762 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=3.201 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(3.201)(1000)= As(420)

2
As=226.7375 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335
 S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
3.9834 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=1.6316 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(1.6316)(1000)=As (420)

2
As=115.5717 mm

Check Limits
 Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin =( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment
CaDL Cb DL
0.026 0.015
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
Ca¿ Cb¿
0.036 0.022
Dead Load Live Load
2
M a , DL =ωu C a l a M a ,≪¿=ω C l ¿
u
2
a a

M a=( 5.3269 )( 0.026 ) ( 3.15 2 ) M a=( 7.68 )( 0.036 ) ( 3.15 2 )

M a=1.3743 kN −m M a=2.7434 kN −m
2
M b , DL =ωu C b l b M b ,≪¿=ω C l ¿ 2
u b b

M b=( 5.3269 )( 0.015 ) ( 3.5 2) M b=( 7.68 )( 0.022 ) ( 3.52 )

M b=2.7434 kN −m M b=2.0698 kN−m
M a , DL + M a ,≪¿=4.1177 kN −m ¿ M b , DL + M b ,≪¿=3.0487kN −m ¿

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
4.1177 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(104− )
2
 a=1.4894 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85(35)(1.4894 )(1000)= As(420)

2
As=105.4992 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab
 366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
3.0487 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=1.2461 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85(35)(1.2461)(1000)= As(420)

2
As=88.2655 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758
 S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

1 1
M a= (Positive moment) M a= (4.1177 )
3 3
M a=1.3726 kN−m
1 1
M b= (Positive moment) M b= (3.0487)
3 3
M b=1.0162 kN −m

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2
 6 a
1.3726 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=0.4941 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(0.4941)(1000)= As (420)

2
As=34.9988 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars
 As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
1.0162 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=0.4135 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(0.4135)(1000)=As (420)

2
As=29.2896 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing
 π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (3-2s)

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 4.57 m
Short Direction (La) 3.5 m
Depth at short 104 mm
Depth at long 92 mm
bw 1000 mm
 f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 130 mm
Φ 0.75
λ 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

L L
>2 , OneWay , <2 ,Two Way
S S

4.57
=1.3057 <2 ,therefore , Two Way Slab
3.5

Thickness, h

2( La+ Lb) 2(3500+ 4570)

h= = =89.6667 mm=90 mm
180 180

, thereforeuse 130 mm thickness of slab

Effective Depth, d

1 1
d 1=h−cc − ( db ) d 1=130−20− (12 )=104 mm
2 2
1 1
d 2=h−cc −db− ( db ) d 2=130−20−12− ( 12 )=92 mm
2 2
Factored Load, ω u

ω u=1.2 ( DL ) +1.6 ( ¿ )

ω u=1.2 ( 4.4391 ) +1.6 ( 4.8 )

ω u=13.0069 kPa

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 9

@0.80 and 0.75, respectively @0.80 and 0.75, respectively

Ca¬¿ ¿ Cb¬¿ ¿
0.075 0.017
0.078 0.014
By interpolation @0.77
0.0768 0.0152
Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

M a=( 13.0069 )( 0.0768 ) ( 3.5 2)

2
M a=ωu Caneg l a
M a=12.2370 kN −m

M b=( 13.0069 )( 0.0152 ) ( 4.572 )

2
M b=ωu Cbneg l b
M b=4.1291 kN−m

Check Shear Reinforcement

W a=0.848

W b =0.152

W ua= ( 0.848 ) (12.2370 )( 1 ) =11.0299kN

V u=11.0299 ( 0.104 )=23.5048 kN

 Φ V c =0.75 x 0.17 λ √ f ' c bwd

Φ V c =0.75(0.17) ( 1 ) √ 35 ( 1000 ) ( 104 ) =78.4473 kN

78.4473 kN > 23.5048 kN

Φ V c >V u ∴ Adequate for Shear

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
12.237 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=4.4915 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85( 35)(4.4915)(1000)= As(420)

2
As=318.1479 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

 π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
4.1291 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=1.6918 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy
 0.85(35)(1.6918)(1000)= As (420)

2
As=119.8358 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin =( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

 Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

@0.80 and @0.75, respectively @0.80 and @0.75, respectively
CaDL Cb DL
0.029 0.01
0.031 0.007
By interpolation @0.77
0.0302 0.0082
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
@0.80 and @0.75, respectively @0.80 and @0.75, respectively
Ca¿ Cb¿
0.042 0.017
0.046 0.013
By interpolation @0.77
0.0444 0.0146
Dead Load Live Load
2
M a , DL =ωu C a l a M a ,≪¿=ω C l ¿ 2
u a a

M a=( 5.3269 )( 0.0302 ) ( 3.52 ) M a=( 7.68 )( 0.0444 ) ( 3.52 )

 M a=1.9707 kN−m M a=4.1772 kN−m

2
M b , DL =ωu C b l b M b ,≪¿=ω C l ¿ 2
u a a

M b=( 5.3269 )( 0.0082 ) ( 4.572 ) M b=( 3.04 ) ( 0.0146 ) ( 4.57 2 )

M b=0.9123 kN−m M b=2.3418 kN−m
M a , DL + M a ,≪¿=6.1479kN −m ¿ M b , DL + M b ,≪¿=3.2541kN −m ¿

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
6.1479 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=2.2318 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85(35)(2.2318)(1000)=As (420)

2
As=158.0858 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
3.2541 x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=1.3307 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy
 0.85(35)(1.3307)(1000)=As (420)

2
As=94.258 mm

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4
 N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

1 1
M a= (Positive moment) M a= (6.1479)
3 3
M a=2.0493 kN−m
1 1
M b= (Positive moment) M b= (3.2541)
3 3
M b=1.0847 kN−m

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
6 ' a
M a x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
2.0493 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)( a)(1000)(104− )
2

a=0.7386 mm

C=T

'
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85(35)(0.7386)(1000)= As(420)

2
As=52.3175 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) (104 )
2
Asmin =346.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(104)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
 2
Asmin =366.2335 mm
Choose larger value .
Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
366.2335

S=308.8118mm ≈ 300 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

366.2335
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=3.24 say 4 bars

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
6 ' a
M b x 10 =(0.9)(0.85)(f c)(a)(b)(d− )
2

6 a
1.0847 x 10 =(0.9)( 0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(92− )
2

a=0.4414 mm

C=T
 '
0.85 f cab= Asfy

0.85(35)(0.4414)(1000)= As(420)

2
As=31.2658 m m

Check Limits

Asmin =(
1.4
fy
)(bd ) Asmin = ( 420
1.4
) ( 1000) ( 92)
2
Asmin =306.6667 m m

Asmin =( √ √ 35 )(1000)(92)
f 'c
)(bd ) Asmin =(
4(fy) 4 ( 420 )
2
Asmin =323.9758 mm
Choose larger value .

Determine the Spacing

π
Ab ( 12 )2
Spacing= x 1000 4
As S= x 1000
323.9758

S=349.0916 mm ≈ 340 mm

Check Limits

Smax =2 h∨450

Smax =2(130)∨450

Smax =260 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab
 323.9758
N=
π
( 12 )2
4

N=2.86 say 3 bars

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Summary of Slab Design

Diameter of Rebar 12 mm
Two-way Slab (1-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 240 mm 5 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 4 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 4 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 220 mm 5 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (2-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 4 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 4 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 4 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (3-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 4 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 4 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 4 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
DESIGN OF BEAM
FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
END SPAN

PARAMETERS VALUES
d 450 mm
β 0.80
fy 420 Mpa
f’c 35 Mpa
b 320 mm
fsmax 1000 Mpa

Diameter of Main Bar 32 mm

Diameter of Stirrups 10 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
Effective Depth 384 mm
Mu 427.97 kN-m

1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB.

3
 C max= (d )
8
3
C max= (384)
8
C max=144 mm
 a max=β C max
a max= ( 0.80 ) (144 )
a max=115.2 mm
'
f s max −fy
 φ max=0.65+0.25( )
1000−fy

φ max=0.65+0.25 ( 1000−420
1000−420 )
φ max=0.90

6 ' amax
 Mu max x 10 =(φ¿¿ max)(0.85 f c amax b)(d− )¿
2
 [ (
Mu max x 106 =( 0.90 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 35 ) ( 115.2 ) ( 320 ) 384−
115.2
2 )]
Mu max=322.1678 kN−m
427.97 >322.1678
Mu> Mumax Since Mu> Mumax , therefore, design as DRB.
2. Determine the Nominal Moment
Mu
 Mn=
φ
427.97
Mn=
0.90
Mn=475.5222 kN −m
Mu max
 Mn max=
φ
322.1678
Mn max=
0.90
Mn max=357.9642 kN −m
 Mn 1=Mn max
Mn 1=357.9642 kN −m
 Mn 2=Mn−Mn 1

Mn 2=475.5222−357.9642

Mn 2=117.5580 kN −m

3. Determine the As1

Cc max=Tsmax
'
0.85 f c amax b= Asfy
( 0.85 ) [ ( 35 ) ( 115.2 ) ( 320 ) ] = As 1 ( 420 )
2
As 1=2611.2 m m
4. Determine the As2

' db
d =cc+ ds+
2

' 32
d =40+10+ =66 mm
2
 Mn 2= ( As 2 ) ( fy ) ( d−d ' )

6
117.5580 x 10 = As 2 ( 420 ) ( 384−66 )

2
As 2=880.1887 m m

5. Stress Check

fs=600 ( d −cc )
fs=600 ( 384−144
144 )
=1000 Mpa

fs≥ 1000

1000 ≥1000

Since fs≥ 1000, therefore, Tension Controlled

f ' s=60 0 ( 144−66

144 )

f ' s=600 ( 144−66

144 )
=325 Mpa

'
f s ≤1000

325 ≤ 1000

Since f ' s ≤1000 , therefore, steel does not yield.

6. Determine the Area of Steel

As= As 1+ As 2

As=2611.2 +880.1887

2
As=3491.3887 mm

7. Since compression steel does not yield, recompute for A’s.

' '
A s f s= As 2 fy
 A' s (325 )=( 880.1887 )( 420 )

' 2
A s=1137.4746 mm

 Check Limits

Asmin= √
1.4 f 'c
Asmin= ( b) ( d ) ( b )( d )
fy 4 fy
1.4 √ 35 (320 )( 450 )
Asmin= ( 320 ) ( 450 ) Asmin=
420 4 (420)
2
Asmin=409.6 mm Asmin=432.719 mm
2

Therefore, use the value of:

2
As=3491.3887 mm
' 2
A s=1137.4746 mm

8. Determine the number of bars

 For Tension bars (Top)

As
N=
Ab

3491.3887
N=
π
( 32 ) 2
4

N=4.3412 say 5 bars

 For Compression bars (Bottom)

A' s
N=
Ab

1137.4746
N=
π
( 32 ) 2
4

N=1.4143 say 2 bars

MID SPAN
 PARAMETERS VALUES
d 450 mm
β 0.80
fy 420 Mpa
f’c 35 Mpa
b 320 mm
fsmax 1000 Mpa

Diameter of Main Bar 32 mm

Diameter of Stirrups 10 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
Effective Depth 384 mm
Mu 326.88 kN-m

1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB.

3
a. C max= (d )
8
3
C max= (384)
8
C max=144 mm
b. a max=β C max
a max= ( 0.80 ) (144 )
a max=115.2 mm
'
f s max −fy
c. φ max=0.65+0.25( )
1000−fy

φ max=0.65+0.25 ( 1000−420
1000−420 )
φ max=0.90
amax
d. Mu max x 106 =(φ¿¿ max)(0.85 f ' c amax b)(d− )¿
2
 [ (
Mu max x 106 =( 0.90 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 35 ) ( 115.2 ) ( 320 ) 384−
115.2
2 )]
Mu max=322.1678 kN−m
326.88>322.1678
Mu> Mumax Since Mu> Mumax , therefore, design as DRB.
2. Determine the Nominal Moment
Mu
 Mn=
φ
326.88
Mn=
0.90
Mn=363.200 kN −m
Mu max
 Mn max=
φ
322.1678
Mn max=
0.90
Mn max=357.9642 kN −m
 Mn 1=Mn max
Mn 1=357.9642 kN −m
 Mn 2=Mn−Mn 1

Mn 2=363.200−357.9642

Mn 2=5.2358 kN−m

3. Determine the As1

Cc max=Tsmax
'
0.85 f c amax b= Asfy
( 0.85 ) [ ( 35 ) ( 115.2 ) ( 366 ) ] = As 1 ( 420 )
2
As 1=2611.2 m m
4. Determine the As2

' db
d =cc+ ds+
2

' 32
d =40+10+ =66 mm
2
 Mn 2= ( As 2 ) ( fy ) ( d−d ' )

6
5.2358 x 10 =As 2 ( 420 ) (384−66 )

2
As 2=39.2017 m m

5. Stress Check

fs=600 ( d −cc )
fs=600 ( 384−144
144 )
=1000 Mpa

fs≥ 1000

1000 ≥1000

Since fs≥ 1000, therefore, Tension Controlled

( )
'
' c−d
f s=600
c

f ' s=600 ( 144−66

144 )
=325 Mpa

'
f s ≤1000

325 ≤ 1000

Since f ' s ≤1000 , therefore, steel does not yield.

6. Determine the Area of Steel

As= As 1+ As 2

As=2611.2+39.2017

2
As=2650.4017 mm

7. Since compression steel does not yield, recompute for A’s.

' '
A s f s= As 2 fy
 A' s (325 )=( 39.2017 )( 420 )

' 2
A s=50.6606 m m

 Check Limits

Asmin= √
1.4 f 'c
Asmin= ( b) ( d ) ( b )( d )
fy 4 fy
1.4 √ 35 (320 )( 450 )
Asmin= ( 320 ) ( 450 ) Asmin=
420 4 (420)
2
Asmin=409.6 mm Asmin=432.719 mm
2

Therefore, use the value of:

2
As=2650.4017 mm
' 2
A s=432.719 mm

8. Determine the number of bars

 For Tension bars (Bottom)

As
N=
Ab

2650.4017
N=
π
( 32 ) 2
4

N=3.2955 say 4 bars

 For Compression bars (Top)

A' s
N=
Ab

432.719
N=
π
( 32 ) 2
4

N=0.5380 say 2 bars

Stirrups Design
At End Span:
V u=428.52 kN

V c =0.17 λ √ f ' c bwd

V c =0.17 (1) √ 35(290)(366)

V c =106.7486 kN

V u=ϕ (V c + V s )

428.52=(0.75)(106.7486 +V s )

V s =464.6114 kN

Solving Parameters for Spacing

ϕ V c =( 0.75 )( 106.7486 ) =80.0615 kN

0.5 ϕ V c =( 0.5 )( 0.75 )( 106.7486 ) =40.0307 kN

V u> ϕ V c

No . of legs , n=4

π 2
( (10 ) (4))(280)(366)
A v fytd 4
S= =
Vs 464.6114 x 10
3

S=69.2945 mm
Solving Parameters for Maximum Spacing

0.33 √ f ' c bwd=0.33 √ 35 ( 290 ) ( 366 ) =207.2178 kN

0.66 √ f ' c bwd=0.66 √ 35 ( 290 )( 366 )=414.4356 kN

V s > 0.33 √ f ' c bwd

464.6114 kN >207.2178 kN
d 366
Smax ∨600 mm= =91.5 mm
4 4
∴ Use S=69.2945 ≈ 65 mm
At Mid Span:
V u=376.61 kN

V c =0.17 λ √ f ' c bwd

V c =0.17 (1) √ 35(290)(366)

V c =106.7486 kN

V u=ϕ (V c + V s )

376.61=(0.75)(106.7486+V s)

V s =395.3981 kN

Solving Parameters for Spacing

ϕ V c =( 0.75 )( 106.7486 ) =80.0615 kN

0.5 ϕ V c =( 0.5 )( 0.75 )( 106.7486 ) =40.0307 kN

V u> ϕ V c

No . of legs , n=4

π 2
( (10 ) (4))(280)(366)
A v fytd 4
S= =
Vs 395.3981 x 10
3

S=81.4243 mm
Solving Parameters for Maximum Spacing

0.33 √ f ' c bwd=0.33 √ 35 ( 290 ) ( 366 ) =207.2178 kN

0.66 √ f ' c bwd=0.66 √ 35 ( 290 )( 366 )=414.4356 kN

V s > 0.33 √ f ' c bwd

395.3981 kN <207.2178 kN
d 366
Smax ∨600 mm= =91.5 mm
2 4
∴ Use S=81.4243 ≈ 80 mm
Torsion Design
At End Span:
T u=4.63 kN−m

Solving Parameters
2
Acp=bwh=( 290 ) ( 430 ) =124,700 mm

Pcp=2 ( bw+ h )=2 ( 290+ 430 )=1440 mm

X 1=bw−2 ( cc )−⌀ of stirrups=290−2 ( 40 )−10=200 mm

Y 1=h−2 ( cc )−⌀ of stirrups=430−2 ( 40 )−10=340 mm

Aoh=X 1 Y 1=( 200 ) ( 340 )=68,000 mm 2

2
Ao=0.85 Aoh=0.85 ( 68,000 ) =57,800 mm

Ph=2 ( X 1+Y 1 )=2 ( 200+340 )=1080 mm

1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required

( )
2
A cp
ΦTₜₕ=( Φ ) ( 0.083 ) ( λ ) √ f ' c
Pcp

( )
2
124,700
ΦTₜₕ=( 0.75 )( 0.083 )( 1 ) √ 35 =3.9769 kN −m
1440

3.9769 kN −m<4.63 kN −m ∴Torsion Reinforcements is Required

2.) Check Concrete Adequacy

√
2 2
Vu TuPh Vc
+ 0.66 √ f c)
'
( ) +( 2
) <Φ (
bwd 1.7 A oh bwd

√
2 2
428.52 (4.63)(1080) 106.7486
( ) +( ) <(0.75)( + 0.66 √35)
( 290)(366) 1.7(68,000)
2
(290)(366)

0.004037309264 <2.929213793 ∴ Adequate

3.) Required Area of Transverse Torsional Reinforcements

Tn= ( 2( Ao)(SAt )(fyt) )cot ⁡(θ)

Tn= ( TuΦ )=( 4.63
0.75 )
=6.1733 kN −m

Tn= ( 2( Ao)(SAt )(fyt) )cot ⁡(θ)

6.1733= ( 2(57,800)(S At )(280) ) cot ⁡(45)
At
=0.1907
S

4.) Combined Shear and Torsion Spacing

Av fyt d
S=
Vs

Av ( 280 ) (366)
S=
445.0089

Av
=4.3424
S

nAs nAt Av
= +
S S S

π
( 4 ¿( ( 10 ) ) ¿ =4(0.1907)+ 4.3424
2
4 S

S=61.5360 mm

5.) Check Limits

Ph
Smax = ∨300 mm
8

1080
Smax = =135 mm∨300 mm >S
8
 ∴ Use S=61.5360 ≈ 60 mm

At Mid Span:
T u=4.63 kN−m

Solving Parameters
2
Acp=bwh=( 290 ) ( 430 ) =124,700 mm

Pcp=2 ( bw+ h )=2 ( 290+ 430 )=1440 mm

X 1=bw−2 ( cc )−⌀ of stirrups=290−2 ( 40 )−10=200 mm

Y 1=h−2 ( cc )−⌀ of stirrups=430−2 ( 40 )−10=340 mm

2
Aoh=X 1 Y 1=( 200 ) ( 340 )=68,000 mm

2
Ao=0.85 Aoh=0.85 ( 68,000 ) =57,800 mm

Ph=2 ( X 1+Y 1 )=2 ( 200+340 )=1080 mm

1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required

( )
2
A cp
ΦTₜₕ=( Φ ) ( 0.083 ) ( λ ) √ f ' c
Pcp

( )
2
124,700
ΦTₜₕ=( 0.75 )( 0.083 )( 1 ) √ 35 =3.9769 kN −m
1440

3.9769 kN −m<4.63 kN −m ∴Torsion Reinforcements is Required

2.) Check Concrete Adequacy

√
2 2
Vu TuPh Vc
+ 0.66 √ f c)
'
( ) +( 2
) <Φ (
bwd 1.7 A oh bwd

√
2 2
376.61 (4.63)(1080) 106.7486
( ) +( ) <(0.75)( + 0.66 √35)
( 290)(366) 1.7(68,000)
2
(290)(366)

0.003548238233< 2.929213793∴ Adequate

3.) Required Area of Transverse Torsional Reinforcements

Tn= ( 2( Ao)(SAt )(fyt) )cot ⁡(θ)

Tn= ( TuΦ )=( 4.63
0.75 )
=6.1733 kN −m

Tn= ( 2( Ao)(SAt )(fyt) )cot ⁡(θ)

6.1733= ( 2(57,800)(S At )(280) ) cot ⁡(45)
At
=0.1907
S

4.) Combined Shear and Torsion Spacing

Av fyt d
S=
Vs

Av ( 280 ) (366)
S=
353.1924

Av
=3.4465
S

nAs nAt Av
= +
S S S

π
( 4 ¿( ( 10 ) ) ¿ =4(0.1907)+3.4465
2
4 S

S=74.6338 mm

5.) Check Limits

Ph
Smax = ∨300 mm
8

1080
Smax = =135 mm∨300 mm >S
8
 ∴ Use S=74.6338 ≈ 70 mm

DESIGN OF
COLUMN FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
 Design Parameters for Critical Column Member
Design Parameters
ρ 0.021
L 600 m m2
W 600 m m2
f’c 35 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Mu 805.19 kN −m
Pu 5123.49 kN
Vu 435.24 kN
d 636 mm
Concrete Cover 40mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of ties 10 mm
Number of Legs 3

Determine the Parameters

Required nominal axial and moment strength of column

Pu
P n=
ϕ

5123.49 kN
P n= =7882.2923 kN
0.65

Mu
M n=
ϕ
 805.19 kN −m
M n= =1238.7538 kN−m
0.65

Parameters of the column interaction diagram

γ h=h−2( concrete cover)−2(dia . of lateral ties)−dia . of main rebars

γ h=600−2(40)−2(10)−28=472 mm

γ h 472 mm
γ= = =0.7867=0.8
h 600 mm

3
Pn 7882.2923 x 10
Kn= = 2
=0.6256
f ' cAg (35)(600)

6
Mn 1238.7538 x 10
Rn= = =0.1639
f ' cAgh (35)(600)2 (600)
 Therefore, the value of ρ g to be used in the subsequent calculations is

approximately 0.045.

Required Area of Steel Reinforcements

Ast=ρAg

2
Ag=(600)(600)=360,000 mm

Ast=0.045(360,000)

'
Ast=16,200 mm Po=0.85 f c ( Ag− Ast ) + Astfy
2

Po=(0.85)(3 5) ( 360,000−16,200 ) +16,200( 420)

 Po=17,438.32 kN

Pn=0.80 Po=0.80 (17,438.32 )=13,950.65 kN

ϕPn=0.65 ( 13,950.65 )=9067.93 kN

9067.93 kN > 6196.23 kN

Therefore, ϕPn > Pu.

16,200
N= =26.31 say 28 bars
Number of Bars: π 2
( 28 )
4

Maximum Spacing of Ties: a . 16 d b=16 ( 28 )=448 mmb . 48 d t =48 (10 )=480 mm

c . Least column dimension=6 00 mm

Max St=440 mm ( ColumnTie )

Maximum Spacing of Column End Hoop:

1 1
a. of Least column dimension= ( 6 0 0 )=150 mm
4 4

b . 6 db=6 ( 28 ) =168 ≈160 mm

c .100

∴ Use S=100 mm

Reinforcement Limits

π 2
As= ( db ) ( N)
4
π 2 2
As= ( 28 ) ( 28 )=17,241.06 mm
4

Asm∈¿ ( 0.0 1 Ag ) =( 0.0 1 ( 360,000 ) )=3,600 m m

2
 Asmax= ( 0.08 Ag )= ( 0.08 ( 360,000 ) )=28,800 mm
2

Asmin< As< Asmax , Adequate

Shear Reinforcements
Vu = 426.18 kN
Effective depth, d:
1
d=W −concrete cover−⌀ of ties− ⌀ rebar
2
¿ 6 00−40−10−14
d=536 mm

Vu<Φ(Vc+Vs)

Vc=0.17 √ f ' c bwd=0.17 √ 3 5 ( 6 00 ) (5 36 )=323.44 kN

π 2 π 2 2
A v = ( dt ) ( No. of legs ) = ( 10 ) ( 3 )=235.6 2m m
4 4
A v fytd 235.6 194 (280)(536)
V S= = =353.62 kN
S (hoop spacing) 100

Φ V n =0.75 ( Vc+Vs )=0.75 ( 323.4439+353.6176 ) =507.80 kN

4 26.18 kN <507.80
Vu<ΦVn

Therefore, Vu<ΦVn, adequate.

 DESIGN OF MAT
FOOTING FOR
TYPE III BUILDING

Design of Mat Footing for Type III Building

Pu in all Columns (Kn)

Pu A 3956.4 PuY 5742.3 Pu Aw 4675.5 PuBu 6089
PuB 5072.5 PuZ 3396.4 Pu Ax 5021.6 PuBv 6126.6
PuC 5185.5 Pu Aa 5847.9 Pu Ay 3836.6 PuBw 3439.1
PuD 5181 Pu Ab 6289 Pu Az 3928.9 PuBx 3749.8
PuE 3924.8 Pu Ac 3569.6 PuBa 6321.4 PuBy 3785.6
PuF 3815.6 Pu Ad 3819.9 PuBb 5934.2 PuBz 3547.2
PuG 4999.1 Pu Ae 3792.4 PuBc 3781.8 PuCa 6216.8
PuH 4572.8 Pu Af 3469.1 PuBd 6020 PuCb 6208.7
PuI 2939.6 Pu Ag 6177.3 PuBe 5030.2 PuCc 3723.1
PuJ 3122 Pu Ah 6259.1 PuBf 3033.1 PuCd 5923.1
PuK 3018.3 Pu Ai 4982.4 PuBg 3132.8 PuCe 4812.3
PuL 4713.9 Pu Aj 3562.5 PuBh 4962.9 PuCf 3539.9
PuM 5785 Pu Ak 3562.7 PuBi 6121 PuCg 3547.5
PuN 3640.8 Pu Al 4942.6 PuBj 6038.2 PuCh 2950.2
PuO 6079.6 Pu Am 5901.1 PuBk 3417.9 PuCi 4498.1
PuP 6143.4 Pu An 3711.3 PuBl 3955.6 PuCj 4927.5
PuQ 3552.7 Pu Ao 5820.7 PuBm 4001.9 PuCk 3913
PuR 3975 Pu Ap 6062.5 PuBn 3569 PuCl 3921.5
PuS 3922.1 Pu Aq 3946.3 PuBo 6200.7 PuCm 4958.9
PuT 3395.5 Pu Ar 3964.8 PuBp 5713 PuCn 5077.5
PuU 6003.1 Pu As 4968.3 PuBq 3311.2 PuCo 4968.1
PuV 5956.4 Pu At 4622.6 PuBr 5600.2 PuCp 3884.6
PuW 3878.1 Pu Au 3885.2 PuBs 4788.4
Pu X 4885.8 Pu Av 3856.8 PuBt 3906.9

Design Parameters
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, q a 242 kPa
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
 Φ 0.9
Depth of Soil, H soil 6m
Concrete Cover 75 mm
Total Pressure 431, 982.9 kN

Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 1)

Determine the sum of column strips

 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
A to I 39,647.30 kN
J to K 6,140.30 kN
L to W 57,045.60 kN
X to Ai 58,231.20 kN
Aj to Ak 19,412.80 kN
Al to Au 47,825.40 kN
Maximum Column Strip 58,231.20 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
A,L,X,Al 18498.7 kN
B,M,Y,Am 22500.9 kN
N,Z,An 10748.5 kN
C,O,Aa,Ao 17113 kN
D,P,Ab,Ap 23675.9 kN
Q,Ac 7122.3 kN
E,J,R,Ad,Aj,Aq 22350.5 kN
F,K,S,Ae,Ak,Ar 22075.9 kN
T,Af 6864.6 kN
G,U,Ag,As 22147.8 kN
H,V,Ah,At 21410.9 kN
 I,W,Ai,Au 3885.2 kN
Maximum Column Strip 23675.9 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu=431982.9 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

q T=
∑ of Column Loads
Areaof Mat Foundation

431,982.9 3
q T= =219.1056 kN /m
(49.77 x 19.15)+(21.45 x 2.45)+(49.77 x 19.15)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction

Total soil reaction beneaththe interested strip(strip of highest loads)

PT =(q¿¿ T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)¿

2.8 3.5
Tributary width= + =3.1505 m
2 2

PT =( 219.1056 ) ( 3.1505 ) ( 49.77 )=34 , 321.3275 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + ∑ of column loads on strip

Average load=
2

34,321.3275+ 58,231.20
Average load= =46,276.2638 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod =q T ( )
PT
 q mod =( 219.1056 ) ( 46,276.2638
34,321.3275 )
=295.4253 kN /m 3

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
∑ of Column Loads on Strip
46,276.2638
F= =0.7947
58,231.20

Factored Loads on Column

Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu X 4885.8 3882.739312
Pu Y 5742.3 4563.398819
Pu Z 3396.4 2699.114945
Pu Aa 5847.9 4647.31901
Pu Ab 6289 4997.860643
Pu Ac 3569.6 2836.756774
Pu Ad 3819.9 3035.669879
Pu Ae 3792.4 3013.815663
Pu Af 3469.1 2756.889546
Pu Ag 6177.3 4909.092789
Pu Ah 6259.1 4974.09915
Pu Ai 4982.4 3959.507214
Sum of Pu 46276.26375

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu X 3882.739312 0 0
Pu Y 4563.398819 4.57 20854.7326
Pu Z 2699.114945 10.87 29339.37945
 Pu Aa 4647.31901 14.02 65155.41253

Pu Ab 4997.860643 17.17 85813.26725

Pu Ac 2836.756774 21.52 61047.00578

Pu Ad 3035.669879 24.67 74889.97592
Pu Ae 3013.815663 27.82 83844.35174
Pu Af 2756.889546 34.12 94065.07133

Pu Ag 4909.092789 37.27 182961.8883

Pu Ah 4974.09915 40.42 201053.0876

Pu Ai 3959.507214 46.72 184988.177
Sum 46276.26375 - 1084012.35

(ΣPu)(x̄ )=Σ(Pun x n )

(46276.26375)(x̄ )=1084012.35

x̄=23.4248 m

Length of Long Span , L=46.72 m

Additional offset distance ,=3 m

L 46.72
= =23.36 m< x̄ , thereforeC p offsets ¿ side ¿ C g
2 2

L
e= x̄− =0.06480273462 m
2

Modified offset distance :

¿=1.5−e=1.4352 m

¿ side=1.5+ e=1.5648 m

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying 6289
kN. Therefore, U = 6289 kN or 6.289 MN.

U =bo d ∅ (0.34) √ f ' c

6.289=(2( ( d2 + 0.5+ d2 )+( d2 + 0.5+ d2 )))(d )(0.85)(0.34) √ 48

6.289=¿

6.289=¿

6.289=( 4 d +2)(d )(0.85)(0.34) √ 48

d=0.6707 m≈ 0.680 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h=d +cc +diameter of steel ¯¿

h=0.690+0.075+ 0.025=0.78 ≈ 0.8 m

Factored Soil Pressure

Pu 46276.26375 kN
= =930.7374
L 49.72 m

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 5,280.00 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

' 5,280.00
M =. =1675.9259 kN −m/m
3.15

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn = 2
∅ bd
6
1675.9259 x 10
Rn = =4.0271
( 0.9 )( 1000 ) ( 680 )2

0.85 fc
ρ= ¿
fy

0.85 ( 48 )
ρ= ¿
420

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax =0.75 ¿ ρmax =0.75 ¿
ρmax =0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio

ρmin = √
f'c 1.4 ρmin = √ 48 but not less than 1.4
but not less than
4 fy fy 4 ( 420 ) 420
ρmin =0.0041∨0.0033

Therefore, use ρ=0.01011

Solving for Area of Steel

As= ρbd

2
As=( 0.01011 ) ( 1000 )( 680 )=6874.8 m m

Solving for Number of Bars

 As
n=
Ab

6874.8
n= =14.0052 say 15 bars every 1 m strip
π
( 25 )2
4

Total number of Bars = (15 bars )(19.15 m) = 287.25, say 288 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L−2 ( cover )
s=
Total Number of Bars

19150−2 ( 75 )
s= =65.9722≈ 60 mm
288

Therefore, use 15-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 60mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu=431982.9 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

q T=
∑ of Column Loads
Areaof Mat Foundation

431,982.9 3
q T= =219.1056 kN /m
(49.77 x 19.15)+(21.45 x 2.45)+(49.77 x 19.15)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction

Total soil reaction beneaththe interested strip(strip of highest loads)

PT =(q¿¿ T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)¿

 3.15 6.3
Tributary width= + =4.725 m
2 2

PT =( 219.1056 ) ( 4.725 )( 19.15 ) =19,773.7324 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + ∑ of column loads on strip

Average load=
2

19773.73244 +23 , 675.9

Average load= =21,724.8162 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod =q T ( )
PT

q mod=( 219.1056 ) ( 19,773.7324

21,724.8162
)=240.7249 kN /m 3

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
∑ of Column Loads on Strip
21, 724.8162
F= =0.9176
23 , 675.9

Factored Load on Columns

Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu

Factor
Pu D 5181 4754.044106
Pu P 6143.4 5637.134638
Pu Ab 6289 5770.736032
Pu Ap 6062.5 5562.901446
Sum of Pu 21724.81622
Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu D 4754.044106 0 0

Pu P 5637.134638 6.3 35513.94822

Pu Ab 5770.736032 9.8 56553.21311

Pu Ap 5562.901446 16.1 89562.71328

Sum 21724.81622 - 181629.8746

(ΣPu)(x̄ )=Σ(Pun x n )

(21724.81622)( x ̄ )=181629.8746

x̄=8.3605 m

Length of Long Span , L=16.1m

Additional offset distance ,=3 m

L 16.1
= =8.05 m< x̄ ,therefore C p offsets ¿ side ¿ C g
2 2

L
e= x̄− =0.3104792215 m
2

Modified offset distance :

¿=1.5−e=1.1895 m

¿ side=1.5+ e=1.8105 m

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying 6289
kN. Therefore, U = 6289 kN or 6.289 MN.

U =bo d ∅ (0.34) √ f ' c

6.289=(2( ( d2 + 0.5+ d2 )+( d2 + 0.5+ d2 )))(d )(0.85)(0.34) √ 48

6.289=¿

6.289=¿

6.289=( 4 d +2)(d )(0.85)(0.34) √ 48

d=0.6707 m≈ 0.680 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h=d +cc +diameter of steel ¯¿

h=0.680+0.075+ 0.025=0.78 ≈ 0.8 m

Factored Soil Pressure

Pu 21724.81622 kN
= =1137.4249
L 19.1 m

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 2363.6526 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

' 2363.6526
M =. =500.2439 kN−m/m
4.725

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn = 2
∅ bd
6
500.2439 x 10
Rn = =1.202
( 0.9 )( 1000 ) ( 680 )2

0.85 fc
ρ= ¿
fy

0.85 ( 48 )
ρ= ¿
420

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax =0.75 ¿ ρmax =0.75 ¿
ρmax =0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio

ρmin = √
f'c 1.4 ρmin = √ 48 but not less than 1.4
but not less than
4 fy fy 4 ( 420 ) 420
ρmin =0.0041∨0.0033

Therefore, use ρmin =0.0033

Solving for Area of Steel

As= ρbd

2
As=( 0.0033 )( 1000 )( 680 )=2244 m m

Solving for Number of Bars

 As
n=
Ab

2244
n= =4.5714 say 5 bars every 1 m strip
π
( 25 )2
4

Total number of Bars = (5 bars )(49.77 m) = 248.85, say 249 bars for short

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L−2 ( cover )
s=
Total Number of Bars

49770−2 ( 75 )
s= =199.2771 ≈ 190 mm
249

Therefore, use 5-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 190mm

Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 3)

Determine the sum of column strips

 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
Av to Be 48,407.00 kN
Bf to Bg 6,165.90 kN
Bh to Bs 57,680 kN
Bt to Ce 57,528.20 kN
Cf to Cg 7,087.40 kN
Ch to Cp 39,099.40 kN
Maximum Column Strip 57,680 kN
  Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
Av, Bh, Bt, Ch 15676.8 kN
Aw, Bi, Bu, Ci 21383.6 kN
Ax, Bj, Bv, Cj 22113.9 kN
Bk, Bw 6857 kN
Ay, Bf, Bl, Bx, Cf, Ck 22028 kN
Az,Bg,Bm,By,Cg,Cl 22318.2 kN
Bn, Bz 7116.2 kN
Ba,Bo,Ca,Cm 23697.8 kN
Bb,Bp,Cb,Cn 22933.4 kN
Bc,Bq,Cc 10816.1 kN
Bd, Br,Cd,Co 22511.4 kN
Be,Bs,Ce,Cp 18515.5 kN
Maximum Column Strip 23697.8 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu=431982.9 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

q T=
∑ of Column Loads
Areaof Mat Foundation

431,982.9 3
q T= =219.1056 kN /m
(49.77 x 19.15)+(21.45 x 2.45)+(49.77 x 19.15)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction

Total soil reaction beneaththe interested strip(strip of highest loads)

PT =(q¿¿ T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)¿

 3.1 3.5
Tributary width= + =3.3 m
2 2

PT =( 219.1056 ) ( 3.5 ) ( 49.72 ) =35,949.9701 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + ∑ of column loads on strip

Averageload=
2

35,949.9701+57,680
Average load = =46,814.9850 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod=q T ( )
PT

q mod =( 219.1056 ) ( 46,814.9850

35,949.9701 )
=285.3250 kN /m
3

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
∑ of Column Loads on Strip
46,814.9850
F= =0.8116
57,680

Factored Loads on Column

Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Bh 4962.9 4028.052865
Pu Bi 6121 4968.004914
Pu Bj 6038.2 4900.80171
Pu Bk 3417.9 2774.080051
Pu Bl 3955.6 3210.495056
Pu Bm 4001.9 3248.073658
Pu Bn 3569 2896.717781
Pu Bo 6200.7 5032.692055
Pu Bp 5713 4636.858695
Pu Bq 3311.2 2687.478822
Pu Br 5600.2 4545.306505
Pu Bs 4788.4 3886.422926
Sum of Pu 46814.98504

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu Bh 4028.052865 0 0
Pu Bi 4968.004914 4.57 22703.78245
Pu Bj 4900.80171 10.87 53271.71459
Pu Bk 2774.080051 14.02 38892.60232
Pu Bl 3210.495056 17.17 55124.20011
Pu Bm 3248.073658 21.52 69898.54513
Pu Bn 2896.717781 24.67 71462.02765
Pu Bo 5032.692055 27.82 140009.493
Pu Bp 4636.858695 34.12 158209.6187
Pu Bq 2687.478822 37.27 100162.3357
Pu Br 4545.306505 40.42 183721.2889
Pu Bs 3886.422926 46.72 181573.6791
Sum 46814.98504 - 1075029.288

(ΣPu)(x̄ )=Σ(Pun x n )

(46814.98504)(x̄ )=1075029.288

x̄=22.9634 m

Length of Long Span , L=46.72 m

Additional offset distance ,=3 m

 L 46.72
= =23.36 m< x̄ , thereforeC p offsets ¿ ¿ C g
2 2

L
e= x̄− =−0.3966414355 m
2

Modified offset distance :

¿=1.5+e=1.8966 m

¿ side=1.5−e=1.1034 m

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
6200.7 kN. Therefore, U = 6200.7 kN or 6.2007 MN.

U =bo d ∅ (0.34) √ f ' c

6.2007=(2 ( ( d2 + 0.5+ d2 )+( d2 +0.5+ d2 )))(d)(0.85)(0.34 )√ 48

6.2007=¿

6.2007=¿

6.2007=(4 d +2)(d )(0.85)(0.34) √ 48

d=0.6647 m≈ 0.670 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter
 h=d +cc +diameter of steel ¯¿

h=0.670+0.075+ 0.025=0.77 ≈ 0.8 m

Factored Soil Pressure

Pu 46814.98504 kN
= =941.5725
L 49.72 m

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 3,044.61 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

' 3,044.61
M =. =922.6101 kN −m/m
3.3

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn = 2
∅ bd
6
922.6101 x 10
Rn = =2.2836
( 0.9 )( 1000 ) ( 670 )2

0.85 fc
ρ= ¿
fy

0.85 ( 48 )
ρ= ¿
420

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax =0.75 ¿ ρmax =0.75 ¿
ρmax =0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
 ρmin = √
f'c 1.4 ρmin =
√ 48 but not less than 1.4
but not less than
4 fy fy 4 ( 420 ) 420
ρmin =0.0041∨0.0033

Therefore, use ρ=0.005598

Solving for Area of Steel

As= ρbd

2
As=( 0.005598 )( 1000 )( 670 )=3750.66 m m

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab

3750.66
n= =7.6408 say 8 bars
π 2
( 25 )
4

Total number of Bars = (8 bars )(19.15 m) = 152.8, say 153 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L−2 ( cover )
s=
Total Number of Bars

19150−2 ( 75 )
s= =124.183 ≈ 120 mm
153

Therefore, use 8-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 120mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

 Pu=431982.9 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

q T=
∑ of Column Loads
Areaof Mat Foundation

431,982.9 3
q T= =219.1056 kN /m
(49.77 x 19.15)+(21.45 x 2.45)+(49.77 x 19.15)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction

Total soil reaction beneaththe interested strip(strip of highest loads)

PT =(q¿¿ T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)¿

3.15 6.3
Tributary width= + =4.725 m
2 2

PT =( 219.1056 ) ( 4.725 )( 19.1 )=19,773.7324 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + ∑ of column loads on strip

Averageload=
2

19773.73244 +23697.8
Average load = =21735.7662 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod=q T ( )
PT

q mod =( 219.1056 ) ( 21,735.76622

19,773.7324 )
=240.8462 kN /m
3

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
∑ of Column Loads on Strip
 21,735.76622
F= =0.9176
23697.8

Factored Load on Columns

Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu

Factor
Pu Ba 6321.4 5798.026508
Pu Bo 6200.7 5687.319735
Pu Ca 6216.8 5702.086753
Pu Cm 4958.9 4548.333226
Sum of Pu 21735.76622

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu Ba 5798.026508 0 0
Pu Bo 5687.319735 6.3 35830.11433
Pu Ca 5702.086753 9.8 55880.45018
Pu Cm 4548.333226 16.1 73228.16493
Sum 21735.76622 - 164938.7294

(ΣPu)(x̄ )=Σ(Pun x n )

(21724.81622)( x ̄ )=181629.8746

x̄=7.5884 m

Length of Long Span , L=16.1m

Additional offset distance ,=3 m

L 16.1
= =8.05 m> x̄ ,therefore C p offsets ¿ ¿ C g
2 2
 L
e= x̄− =−0.4616441189 m
2

Modified offset distance :

¿=1.5+e=1.9616 m

¿ side=1.5−e=1.0384 m

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
6321.4 kN. Therefore, U = 6321.4 kN or 6.3214 MN.

U =bo d ∅ (0.34) √ f ' c

6.3214=(2( ( d2 +0.5+ d2 )+( d2 +0.5+ d2 )))(d)( 0.85)(0.34) √ 48

6.3214=¿

6.3214=¿

6.3214=(4 d+2)(d)(0.85)(0.34 ) √ 48

d=0.6729 m≈ 0.680 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h=d +cc +diameter of steel ¯¿

h=0.680+0.075+ 0.025=0.780 ≈ 0.8 m

Factored Soil Pressure

Pu 21735.76622 kN
= =1137.9982
L 19.1 m

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 2309.351 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

' 2309.351
M =. =488.7515 kN −m/m
4.725

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn = 2
∅ bd
6
488.7515 x 10
Rn = =1.4594
( 0.9 )( 1000 ) ( 680 )2

0.85 fc
ρ= ¿
fy

0.85 ( 48 )
ρ= ¿
420

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax =0.75 ¿ ρmax =0.75 ¿
ρmax =0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio

ρmin = √
f'c 1.4 ρmin = √ 48 but not less than 1.4
but not less than
4 fy fy 4 ( 420 ) 420
ρmin =0.0041∨0.0033
 Therefore, use ρ=0.0033

Solving for Area of Steel

As= ρbd

2
As=( 0.0033 )( 1000 )( 680 )=2244 m m

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab

2244
n= =4.5714 say 5 bars every 1 m strip
π 2
( 25 )
4

Total number of Bars = (5 bars )(49.77 m) = 248.85, say 249 bars for short

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L−2 ( cover )
s=
Total Number of Bars

49770−2 ( 75 )
s= =199.2771 ≈ 190 mm
249

Therefore, use 5-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 190mm

Summary of Mat Footing Design 1

Use 49.77 x 19.15 m mat foundation with a total depth of 800 mm
With 15-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 60 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal
(along x)

Summary of Mat Footing Design 2

Adopt rebar design from Mat Footing Design 3
 Use 21.5 x 2.45 m mat foundation with a total depth of 800 mm
With 8-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 120 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal
(along x)

Summary of Mat Footing Design 3

Use 49.77 x 19.15 m mat foundation with a total depth of 800 mm
With 8-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 120 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal
(along x)
.