DESIGN OF SLAB

FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
DESIGN OF SLAB
FOR TYPE II
CONDOMINIUM
 Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 6.5197 kPa
Live Load (LL) 1.9 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 144 mm
Depth at long 132 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (1-2s)

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

L L
> 2, One Way, < 2, Two Way
S S

5.7
= 01.425 < 2, therefore, 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛
4

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(4000 + 5700)

h= = = 107.7778 mm = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180
 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

Effective Depth, d

𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12) = 𝟖𝟕𝐦𝐦
𝟐 2

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮

ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)

ωu = 1.2 (6.5197) + 1.6 (1.9)

𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 9

𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
0.081 0.011
Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟏)(𝟒𝟐 )

𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (10.8626)(0.011)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
Check Shear Reinforcement

Wa = 0.89

Wb = 0.11

Wua = (0.89)(10.8636)(1) = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 9.6686 (0.099) = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√35(1000)(99) = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟖 𝐤𝐍

 𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟖 𝐤𝐍 > 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐍

𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
14.0793x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 5.4622 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(5.4622)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟗𝟎𝟓𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
386.9058

𝐒 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits
 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

386.9058
N= π
(12)2
4

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟐 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.8826x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 1.683 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(1.683)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
 Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
0.033 0.006
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐋𝐋
0.05 0.011
 Dead Load Live Load
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑)(𝟒𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟑. 𝟎𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)(𝟒𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚

𝐌𝐛 = (𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔)(𝟓. 𝟕𝟐 ) Mb = (3.04)(0.011)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟓𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚,𝐥𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
6.5629x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 2.5076 mm
 C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(2.5076)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟐𝟏𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12
 𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
2.6117x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 1.1285 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(1.1285)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟑 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits
 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
(12)2
4

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟗)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 1
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) Mb = (2.6117)
𝟑 3
Mb = 0.8706 kN − m
Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
2.1876x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 0.8288mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(0.8288)(1000) = As(420)
 𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
 𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
0.8706x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 0.3745 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(0.3745)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟑 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
 𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (2-2s)

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 154 mm
Depth at long 142 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

 L L
> 2, One Way, < 2, Two Way
S S

5.7
= 01.425 < 2, therefore, 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛
4

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(4000 + 5700)

h= = = 107.7778 mm = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180

, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

Effective Depth, d

𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12) = 𝟖𝟕𝐦𝐦
𝟐 2

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮

ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)

ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (4.8)

𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 8

@ 0.80
𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝑪𝒃𝒏𝒆𝒈
0.55 0.45
@ 0.75
 𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝑪𝒃𝒏𝒆𝒈
0.061 0.036
By interpolation @ 0.79
0.0562 0.04

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝑴𝒂 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒍𝟐𝒂 𝑀𝑎 = (13.0069)(0.0562)(3.32 )
𝑴𝒂 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑴𝒃 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒃𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒍𝟐𝒃 𝑀𝑏 = (13.0069)(0.04)(4.1752 )
𝑴𝒃 = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

Check Shear Reinforcement

𝑊𝑎 = 0.0562

𝑊𝑏 = 0.438
 𝑊𝑢𝑎 = (0.7)(13.0069)(1) = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵

𝑉𝑢 = 7.3099 (0.144) = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟕 𝒌𝑵

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 𝑥 0.17λ√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑤𝑑

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 𝑥 0.17(1)√35(1000)(144) = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝑵

𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟖 𝐤𝐍 > 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍

𝜱𝑽𝒄 > 𝑽𝒖 ∴ 𝑨𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
7.9605x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 3.0501 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(3.0501 )(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
 Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
9.0688x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 3.9844 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

 0.85(32)(3.9844 )(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
 Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

𝑪𝒂𝑫𝑳 𝑪𝒃𝑫𝑳
@ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively @ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively
0.032 0.015
0.036 0.013
By interpolating @0.79
0.0328 0.0146
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
𝑪𝒂𝑳𝑳 𝑪𝒃𝑳𝑳
@ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively @ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively
0.044 0.019
0.049 0.016
By interpolating @0.79
0.045 0.0184
Dead Load Live Load
 𝑴𝒂,𝑫𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒂 𝒍𝟐𝒂 𝑴𝒂,𝑳𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒂 𝒍𝟐𝒂
𝑀𝑎 = (5.3269)(0.0328)(3.32 ) 𝑀𝑎 = (7.68)(0.045)(3.32 )
𝑴𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑴𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑴𝒃,𝑫𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒃 𝒍𝟐𝒃 𝑴𝒃,𝑳𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒃 𝒍𝟐𝒃

𝑀𝑏 = (5.3269)(0.0146)(4.1752 ) 𝑀𝑏 = (7.68)(0.0184)(3.32 )
𝑴𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟕 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑴𝒃 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑴𝒂,𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂,𝑳𝑳 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑴𝒃,𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃,𝒍𝑳 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
5.6664x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 2.1613 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(2.1613)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.8189x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 1.6552 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(1.6552)(1000) = As(420)
 𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
 Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟒)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 1
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) Mb = (3.3189)
𝟑 3
Mb = 1.2730 kN − m

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.8888x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 0.7152 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(0.7152)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4 420)
(
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.2730x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 0.5482 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(0.5482)(1000) = As(420)
 𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
 Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (3-1s)

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
L 4.25 m
W 1.65 m
Effective Depth 154 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.9
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

L L
> 2, One Way, < 2, Two Way
S S
4.25
= 2.5758 > 2, therefore, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛
1.65

Thickness at One End Continuous, h

L 1650
h= = = 68.75 mm = 𝟕𝟎 𝐦𝐦
24 24
, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

Factored Load, Wu

ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
 ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (0)

𝛚𝐮 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟏𝟒𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Calculation of Shear Reinforcements

END SPAN
Shear
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 1.15Wu ln
𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 2

𝐕𝐮 5.2708 kN

Vu = ΦVc

ΦVc = 0.75 (0.17)λ√f′cbwd

5.2708x103 = 0.75(0.17)(1)√35(1000)(d)

d = 6.9877 mm

6.9877 mm < 125 mm

𝐝 < 𝐡 ∴ 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞

Calculation of Positive and Negative Moments for Main Reinforcements

END SPAN
Positive Moment
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 Wu ln2
11
𝐌𝐮 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 0.9658 kN − m
Negative Moment
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭
𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐬 Wu ln2
10
 𝐌𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 1.502 kN − m

Main Reinforcements at the Bottom

𝐚
𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝟗𝟗 − )
𝟐
a
0.9658x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝐦𝐦

𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝐀𝐬𝐟𝐲 (𝐝 − )
𝟐

0.365
0.9658x106 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟓𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.

Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225

𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits
 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 3(125) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

225
N=π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.

Main Reinforcements at the Top

𝐚
𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.5024x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟖𝟒 𝐦𝐦

𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝐀𝐬𝐟𝐲 (𝐝 − )
𝟐

0.5684
1.5024x106 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.

Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
 Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225

𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 3(125) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

225
N=π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.

For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcements

Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.

Ag = b x h = 180 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

 𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225

𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟓𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Smax = 5(125) = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

225
N=π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 450mm O.C.

Summary of Slab Design

Diameter of Rebar 12 mm
Two-way Slab (1-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 4 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
 Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (2-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
One-way Slab (3-1S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
(O.C) strip)
Top Bars 375 mm 2 pcs
Bottom Bars 375 mm 2 pcs
Shrinkage and Temperature 450 mm 2 pcs
DESIGN OF BEAM
FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
BEAM REVISED COMPUTATION (TYPE 2)

END SPAN

PARAMETERS VALUES
d 430 mm
𝜷 0.80
fy 420 Mpa
f’c 35 Mpa
b 290 mm
𝐟𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐱 1000 Mpa
Diameter of Main Bar 28 mm
Diameter of Stirrups 10 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
Effective Depth 366 mm
Mu 568.43 kN-m

1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB.

3
 Cmax = 8 (d)
3
Cmax = (366)
8
Cmax = 137.25 mm
 amax = βCmax
amax = (0.80)(137.25)
amax = 109.8 mm
f′ s −fy
 max
φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( 1000−fy )

1000 − 420
φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
1000 − 420
φmax = 0.90
amax
 Mumaxx106 = (φmax)(0.85f ′ camaxb)(d − )
2
 109.8
Mumaxx106 = (0.90) [(0.85)(35)(109.8)(290) (476 − )]
2
Mumax = 265.2334 kN − m
568.43 > 265.2334
Mu > Mumax
Since Mu > Mumax, therefore, design as DRB.
2. Determine the Nominal Moment
Mu
 Mn = φ

568.43
Mn =
0.90
Mn = 631.5889 kN − m
Mumax
 Mnmax = φ

265.2334
Mnmax =
0.90
Mnmax = 294.7049 kN − m
 Mn1 = Mnmax
Mn1 = 294.7094 kN − m
 Mn2 = Mn − Mn1

Mn2 = 631.5889 − 294.7049

Mn2 = 336.8840 kN − m

3. Determine the As1

Ccmax = Tsmax
0.85f ′ camax b = Asfy
(0.85)[(35)(109.8)(290)] = As1(420)
As1 = 2255.475 mm2
4. Determine the As2

db
d′ = cc + ds +
2

28
d′ = 40 + 10 + = 64 mm
2
 Mn2 = (As2)(fy)(d − d′ )

336.8840x106 = As2(420)(366 − 64)

As2 = 2655.475 mm2

5. Stress Check

d−c
fs = 600 ( )
c

366 − 137.25
fs = 600 ( ) = 1000 Mpa
137.25

fs ≥ 1000

1000 ≥ 1000

Since fs ≥ 1000, therefore, Tension Controlled

137.25 − 64
f ′ s = 600 ( )
137.25

137.25 − 64
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 320.2186 Mpa
137.25

f ′ s ≤ 1000

320.2186 ≤ 1000

Since f ′ s ≤ 1000, therefore, steel does not yield.

6. Determine the Area of Steel

As = As1 + As2

As = 2255.475 + 2655.9760

As = 4911. 4510 mm2

7. Since compression steel does not yield, recompute for A’s.

A′ sf ′ s = As2fy
 A′s(320.2186) = (2655.9760)(420)

A′s = 3483.5860 mm2

 Check Limits

1.4 √𝑓′𝑐
Asmin = (b)(d) Asmin = (b)(d)
fy 4fy
1.4
Asmin = (290)(466) √35
420 Asmin = (290)(366)
4(420)
Asmin = 353.8 mm2
Asmin = 373.7695 mm2

Therefore, use the value of:

As = 4911.4510mm2

A′s = 3493.5890 mm2

8. Determine the number of bars

 For Tension bars (Top)

As
N=
Ab

4911.4510
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

 For Compression bars (Bottom)

A′s
N=
Ab

3493.5890
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟕𝟑𝟕 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

MID SPAN
 PARAMETERS VALUES
d 430 mm
𝜷 0.80
fy 420 Mpa
f’c 35 Mpa
b 290 mm
𝐟𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐱 1000 Mpa
Diameter of Main Bar 28 mm
Diameter of Stirrups 10 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
Effective Depth 366 mm
Mu 266.72 kN-m

1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB.

3
2. Cmax = 8 (d)
3
Cmax = (366)
8
Cmax = 137.25 mm
3. amax = βCmax
amax = (0.80)(137.25)
amax = 109.8 mm
f′ s
max −fy
4. φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( 1000−fy )

1000 − 420
φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
1000 − 420
φmax = 0.90
amax
5. Mumaxx106 = (φmax)(0.85f ′ camaxb)(d − )
2
109.8
Mumaxx106 = (0.90) [(0.85)(35)(109.8)(290) (476 − )]
2
Mumax = 265.2334 kN − m
 266.72 > 265.2334
Mu > Mumax
Since Mu > Mumax, therefore, design as DRB.
6. Determine the Nominal Moment
Mu
 Mn = φ

266.72
Mn =
0.90
Mn = 296.3556 kN − m
Mumax
 Mnmax = φ

265.2344
Mnmax =
0.90
Mnmax = 296.3556 kN − m
 Mn1 = Mnmax
Mn1 = 296.3556 kN − m
 Mn2 = Mn − Mn1

Mn2 = 296.3556 − 294.7049

Mn2 = 1.6507 kN − m

7. Determine the As1

Ccmax = Tsmax
0.85f ′ camax b = Asfy
(0.85)[(35)(109.8)(366)] = As1(420)
As1 = 2255.475 mm2
8. Determine the As2

db
d′ = cc + ds +
2

28
d′ = 40 + 10 + = 64 mm
2

Mn2 = (As2)(fy)(d − d′ )

1.6507x106 = As2(420)(366 − 64)

 As2 = 13.0138 mm2

9. Stress Check

d−c
fs = 600 ( )
c

366 − 137.25
fs = 600 ( ) = 1000 Mpa
137.25

fs ≥ 1000

1000 ≥ 1000

Since fs ≥ 1000, therefore, Tension Controlled

c − d′
f ′ s = 600 ( )
c

137.25 − 64
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 320.2186 Mpa
137.25

f ′ s ≤ 1000

320.2186 ≤ 1000

Since f ′ s ≤ 1000, therefore, steel does not yield.

10. Determine the Area of Steel

As = As1 + As2

As = 2255.475 + 13.0138

As = 2286.4888 mm2

11. Since compression steel does not yield, recompute for A’s.

A′ sf ′ s = As2fy

A′ s(320.2186) = (13.0138)(420)

A′ s = 17.0689 mm2
  Check Limits

1.4 √𝑓′𝑐
Asmin = (b)(d) Asmin = (b)(d)
fy 4fy
1.4
Asmin = (290)(466) √35
420 Asmin = (290)(366)
4(420)
Asmin = 353.8 mm2
Asmin = 373.7695 mm2

Therefore, use the value of:

As = 2268.4888 mm2

A′ s = 373.7695 mm2

12. Determine the number of bars

 For Tension bars (Bottom)

As
N=
Ab

2268.4888
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

 For Compression bars (Top)

A′s
N=
Ab

373.7695
N= π
(28)2
4

𝐍 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟎 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

 DESIGN OF
COLUMN FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
 Design Parameters for Critical Column Member
Design Parameters
𝛒 0.021
L 600 mm2
W 600 mm2
f’c 35 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Mu 805.19 kN − m
Pu 5123.49 kN
Vu 435.24 kN
d 636 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of ties 10 mm
Number of Legs 3

Determine the Parameters

Required nominal axial and moment strength of column

Pu
Pn =
ϕ

5123.49 kN
Pn = = 7882.2923 kN
0.65

Mu
Mn =
ϕ
 805.19 kN − m
Mn = = 1238.7538 kN − m
0.65

Parameters of the column interaction diagram

γh = h − 2(concrete cover) − 2(dia. of lateral ties) − dia. of main rebars

γh = 600 − 2(40) − 2(10) − 28 = 472 mm

γh 472 mm
γ= = = 0.7867 = 𝟎. 𝟖
h 600 mm

Pn 7882.2923x103
Kn = = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟔
f′cAg (35)(600)2

Mn 1238.7538x106
Rn = = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟗
f′cAgh (35)(600)2 (600)
 Therefore, the value of 𝛒g to be used in the subsequent calculations is

approximately 0.028.

Required Area of Steel Reinforcements

Ast = ρAg

Ag = (600)(600) = 360,000 mm2

Ast = 0.025(360,000)

Ast = 9000 mm2

Po = 0.85f ′ c(Ag − Ast) + Astfy
Po = (0.85)(35)(360,000 − 9000 ) + 9000(420)

Po = 14,554.75 kN
 Pn = 0.80Po = 0.80(14,554.75) = 11,643.80 kN

ϕPn = 0.65(11,643.80) = 7568.47 kN

7568.47 kN > 5010.98 kN
Therefore, ϕPn > Pu.

Number of Bars:
9000
N=π = 14.62 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟔 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
(28)2
4

Maximum Spacing of Ties:

a. 16db = 16(28) = 448 mm

b. 48dt = 48(10) = 480 mm

c. Least column dimension = 600 mm

𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐒𝐭 = 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦 (𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐞)

Maximum Spacing of Column End Hoop:

1 1
a. of Least column dimension = (600) = 150 mm
4 4

b. 6db = 6(28) = 168 ≈ 160 mm

c. 100

∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Reinforcement Limits

π
As = (db)2 (N)
4
π
As = (28)2 (16) = 9,852.03 mm2
4
 Asmin = (0.01Ag) = (0.01(360,000)) = 3,600 mm2

Asmax = (0.08Ag) = (0.08(360,000)) = 28,800 mm2

𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝑨𝒔 < 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙, Adequate

Shear Reinforcements
Vu = 401.62 kN
Effective depth, d:

d = W − concrete cover − ⌀ of ties − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar

= 600 − 40 − 10 − 14
d = 536 mm

Vu < Φ(Vc + Vs)

Vc = 0.17√f′cbwd = 0.17√35(600)(536) = 323.44 kN

π π
Av = (dt)2 (No. of legs) = (10)2 (3) = 235.62 mm2
4 4
Av fytd 235.6194(280)(536)
VS = = = 353.62 kN
S (hoop spacing) 100

ΦVn = 0.75 (Vc + Vs) = 0.75(323.4439 + 353.6176) = 507.80 kN

401.62 kN < 507.80

Vu < ΦVn

Therefore, 𝑽𝒖 < 𝜱𝑽𝒏, adequate.

DESIGN OF MAT
FOOTING FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
Design of Mat Footing for Type II Building

Pu in all Columns (Kn)

𝑷𝒖𝑨 3137.2 𝑷𝒖𝒁 3035.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒚 4478.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒙 4174.7
𝑷𝒖𝑩 4316.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒂 2493.7 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒛 4339.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒚 3828.7
𝑷𝒖𝑪 4573 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒃 2401.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒂 3836.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒛 3140
𝑷𝒖𝑫 3126.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒄 2912.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒃 2971 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒂 3320.1
𝑷𝒖𝑬 3118.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒅 2565.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒄 3271.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒃 2596.3
𝑷𝒖𝑭 3078.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒆 2235.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒅 3362.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒄 2909.9
𝑷𝒖𝑮 3430 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒇 3347 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒆 3933.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒅 3494.9
𝑷𝒖𝑯 3769.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒈 3003.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒇 4234.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒆 3048
𝑷𝒖𝑰 3352 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒉 3795.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒈 4209.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒇 3112.4
𝑷𝒖𝑱 3659.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒊 4076.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒉 4203.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒈 3113.4
𝑷𝒖𝑲 3310.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒋 4204.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒊 4213.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒉 3071.5
𝑷𝒖𝑳 3355.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒌 4264.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒋 4280.3 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒊 3360
𝑷𝒖𝑴 3333.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒍 3912.8 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒌 4093.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒋 2774.2
𝑷𝒖𝑵 3330 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒎 4058.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒍 3051.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒌 3308.1
𝑷𝒖𝑶 3170.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒏 5179.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒎 3317.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒍 3328.7
𝑷𝒖𝑷 3360.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒐 2703.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒏 3749.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒎 3338.2
𝑷𝒖𝑸 3422.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒑 2577.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒐 4250.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒏 3268.1
𝑷𝒖𝑹 3044.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒒 3068.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒑 4275.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒐 3300.3
𝑷𝒖𝑺 3082.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒓 4210.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒒 4192.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒑 3417.8
𝑷𝒖𝑻 4355.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒔 4276.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒓 3014 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒒 3046.7
𝑷𝒖𝑼 4087.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒕 4176.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒔 3499.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒓 3072.2
𝑷𝒖𝑽 3048.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒖 2750.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒕 4070.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒔 3001.4
𝑷𝒖𝑾 2255.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒗 3285.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒖 4215.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒕 3340.5
𝑷𝒖𝑿 2585 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒘 4146.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒗 4198.3
𝑷𝒖𝒀 4126.2 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒙 4471.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒘 4190.5
 Design Parameters
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, 𝒒𝒂 242 kPa
f’c 48 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Φ 0.9
Depth of Soil, 𝑯𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 6m
Concrete Cover 75 mm
Total Pressure 344, 398.7 kN
Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 1)

Determine the sum of column strips

 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
A to J 35,561 kN
W to X 4,840.50 kN
Af to An 35,841.50 kN
Bd to Bk 32,530.10 kN
Cd to Ci, & Ca 22,520.30 kN
Maximum Column Strip 35,561 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
A,Af,Bd 9846.9 kN
B,W,Ag,Be,Cd 17003.4 kN
C,X,Ah,Bf,Ce 18235.7 kN
D,Ai,Bg,Cf 14524.8 kN
E,Aj,Bh,Cg 14639.2 kN
F,Ak,Bi,Ch 14628.5 kN
G,Al,Bj,Ci 14983.1 kN
 H,Am,Bk,Ca 15241.6 kN
I,An 8531.1 kN
J 3659.1 kN
Maximum Column Strip 18235.7 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu = 344,398.7 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

Sum of Column Loads

qT =
Area of Mat Foundation

344,398.7
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (55.23 x 18.75)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)

PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)

2.85
Tributary width = = 1.425 m
2

PT = (221.0477)(1.425)(37.95) = 11,938.23403 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip

Average load =
2

11,938.23403 + 35,561
Average load = = 23,749.6170 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
 23,749.6170
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 439.7466 kN/m3
11,938.23403

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip

23,749.6170
F= = 0.6679
35,561

Factored Loads on Column

Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu A 3137.2 2095.196943
Pu B 4316.3 2882.665615
Pu C 4573 3054.104176
Pu D 3126.8 2088.251244
Pu E 3118.1 2082.440899
Pu F 3078.9 2056.260955
Pu G 3430 2290.745096
Pu H 3769.6 2517.548896
Pu I 3352 2238.652351
Pu J 3659.1 2443.75084
Sum of Pu 23,749.61702

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu A 2095.196943 0 0
Pu B 2882.665615 2.9 8359.730283
Pu C 3054.104176 6.9 21073.31882
Pu D 2088.251244 10.9 22761.93856
Pu E 2082.440899 14.9 31028.3694
 Pu F 2056.260955 18.9 38863.33206
Pu G 2290.745096 22.9 52458.0627
Pu H 2517.548896 26.9 67722.06532
Pu I 2238.652351 30.9 69174.35764
Pu J 2443.75084 34.9 85286.90432
Sum 23749.61702 - 396728.0791

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )

(23749.61702)(𝑥) = 396728.0791

𝑥 = 16.7046 𝒎

Length of Long Span, L = 34.9 m

Additional offset distance, = 1.5 m

𝐿 34.9
= = 17.45 𝑚 > 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2

𝐿
𝑒=𝑥− = −0.7453904558 𝑚
2

Modified offset distance:

Left side = 1.5 + e = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝐦

Right side = 1.5 − e = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟒𝟔 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying 4573
kN. Therefore, U = 4573 kN or 4.573 MN.
 U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
4.573 = (2(( + 0.5 + ) + ( + 0.5
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.573 = (2(d + 0.5 + d + 0.5))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.573 = (2(2d + 1))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.573 = (4d + 2)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

d = 0.5459 m ≈ 0.550 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.550 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.657 ≈ 0.7 m

Factored Soil Pressure

𝑃𝑢 23,749.6170 𝒌𝑵
= = 𝟔𝟐𝟔. 𝟔𝟑𝟗𝟎
𝐿 37.95 𝒎

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 2,219.08 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

2,219.08
M ′ =. = 1557.2461 kN − m/m
1.425

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn =
∅bd2

1557.2461 x106
Rn = = 5.7199
(0.9)(1000)(550)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(5.7199)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.01474
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

0.85f ′ c 600 ρmax
ρmax = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( )
420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.01474

Solving for Area of Steel

 As = ρbd

As = (0.01474)(1000)(550) = 8105.1189 mm2

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab

8105.1189
n= π = 10.0779 say 11 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4

Total number of Bars = (11 bars )(17.75 m) = 195.25, say 196 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars

17750 − 2(75)
s= = 89.7959 ≈ 80 mm
196

Therefore, use 11-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 80mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu = 431982.9 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

Sum of Column Loads

qT =
Area of Mat Foundation

431,982.9
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (55.23 x 18.75)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
 PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)

4 4
Tributary width = + =4m
2 2

PT = (221.0477)(4)(17.75) = 15,650.1777 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip

Average load =
2

15,650.1777 + 18235.7
Average load = = 16942.9388 k𝑵
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT

16942.9388
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 239.3070 kN/m3
15,650.1777

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip

16942.9388
F= = 0.9291
18235.7

Factored Load on Columns

Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu

Factor
Pu C 4573 4248.811905
Pu X 2585 2401.744757
Pu Ah 3795.3 3526.24444
Pu Bf 4234.4 3934.215861
 Pu Ce 3048 2831.921864
Sum of Pu 16942.93883
Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu C 4248.811905 0 0

Pu X 2401.744757 2.85 6844.972558

Pu Ah 3526.24444 5.7 20099.59331

Pu Bf 3934.215861 9 35407.94274

Pu Ce 2831.921864 14.7 41629.25141

Sum 16942.93883 - 103981.76

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )

(16942.93883)(𝑥) = 103981.76

𝑥 = 6.1372 𝒎

Length of Long Span, L = 14.7 m

Additional offset distance, = 1.5 m

𝐿 14.7
= = 7.35 𝑚 > 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2

𝐿
𝑒=𝑥− = −1.212826215 𝑚
2

Modified offset distance:

Left side = 1.5 + e = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝐦

Right side = 1.5 − e = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟐 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation in Short Direction

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying 4573
kN. Therefore, U = 4573 kN or 4.573 MN.

U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
4.573 = (2(( + 0.5 + ) + ( + 0.5
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.573 = (2(d + 0.5 + d + 0.5))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.573 = (2(2d + 1))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.573 = (4d + 2)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

d = 0.5459 m ≈ 0.550 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.550 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.657 ≈ 0.7 m

Factored Soil Pressure

𝑃𝑢 16,942.93883 𝒌𝑵
= = 𝟗𝟓𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟐
𝐿 17.7 𝒎
Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 3,522.3336 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

3522.3336
M ′ =. = 880.5834 kN − m/m
4

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn =
∅bd2

880.5834 x106
Rn = = 3.2345
(0.9)(1000)(550)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(3.2345)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.008033
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

0.85f ′ c 600 ρmax
ρmax = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( )
420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033
 Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.008033

Solving for Area of Steel

As = ρbd

As = (0.008033)(1000)(550) = 4418.15 mm2

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab

4418.15
n= π = 5.4935 say 6 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4

Total number of Bars = (6 bars )(37.95 m) = 227.7, say 228 bars for short

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars

37950 − 2(75)
s= = 165.7895 ≈ 160 mm
228

Therefore, use 6-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 160mm

Determine the sum of column strips

 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
K to V 40,902.10 kN
Y to Ae 19,770.40 kN
Ao to Bc 54,562.90 kN
Bl to Bz 57,167.50 kN
Cb to Cc 5,506.20 kN
Maximum Column Strip 57,167.50 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
K,Aa,Aq,Bn,Cj 15396 kN
L,Ar,Bo,Ck 15124.6 kN
M,As,Bp,Cl 15214.2 kN
N,At,Bq,Cm 15036.7 kN
O,Ab,Au,Br,Cb,Cn 17201.5 kN
Ac,Av,Bs,Cc 12606.5 kN
P,Aw,Bt,Co 14878 kN
Q,Ax,Bu,Cp 15526.6 kN
R,Ay,Bv,Cq 14768.1 kN
S,Az,Bw,Cr 14684.5 kN
T,Ad,Ba,Bx,Cs 17934 kN
U,Ae,Bb,By,Ct 16463.1 kN
V,Bc,Bz 9460.4 kN
Y,Ao,Bl 9880.4 kN
Z,Ap,Bm 8930.7 kN
Maximum Column Strip 17934 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu = 344,398.7 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

Sum of Column Loads

qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
 431,982.9
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (55.23 x 18.75)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)

PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)

3.3 3.35
Tributary width = + = 3.325 m
2 2

PT = (221.0477)(3.325)(55.23) = 40,556.3965 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip

Average load =
2

40,556.3965 + 57,167.50
Average load = = 48,861.9482 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT

48,861.9482
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 263.5430 kN/m3
40,556.3965

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip

48,861.9482
F= = 0.8547
57,167.50

Factored Loads on Column

Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Bl 3051.1
2607.822456
Pu Bm 3317.5
2835.518665
Pu Bn 3749.6
3204.841231
Pu Bo 4250.4
3632.882753
Pu Bp 4275.5
3654.336112
Pu Bq 4192.2
3583.138311
Pu Br 3014
2576.112511
Pu Bs 3499.2
2990.820471
Pu Bt 4070.7
3479.290378
Pu Bu 4215.1
3602.711296
Pu Bv 4198.3
3588.352075
Pu Bw 4190.5
3581.685294
Pu Bx 4174.7
3568.18079
Pu By 3828.7
3272.449227
Pu Bz 3140
2683.806664
Sum of Pu 48861.94823

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu Bl 0 0
2607.822456
Pu Bm 3.9 11058.52279
2835.518665
Pu Bn 8.025 25879.09294
3204.841231
Pu Bo 12.1 43957.88131
3632.882753
Pu Bp 16.1 58834.8114
3654.336112
Pu Bq 20.1 72021.08005
3583.138311
Pu Br 24.1 62084.31152
2576.112511
Pu Bs 27.98 83683.15677
2990.820471
Pu Bt 30.285 105370.3091
3479.290378
Pu Bu 34.285 123518.9568
3602.711296
Pu Bv 38.285 137380.0592
3588.352075
Pu Bw 42.285 151451.5627
3581.685294
 Pu Bx 46.285 165153.2478
3568.18079
Pu By 50.285 164555.1094
3272.449227
Pu Bz 53.18 142724.8384
2683.806664
Sum 48861.94823 - 1347672.94

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )

(48861.94823)(𝑥) = 1347672.94

𝑥 = 27.5812 𝒎

Length of Long Span, L = 53.18 m

Additional offset distance, = 1 m

𝐿 53.18
= = 17.45 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2

𝐿
𝑒=𝑥− = 0.9912362968 𝑚
2

Modified offset distance:

Left side = 1 − e = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖 𝐦

Right side = 1 + e = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟏𝟐 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4275.5 kN. Therefore, U = 4275.5 kN or 4.2755 MN.

U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
 d d d
4.2755 = (2(( + 0.5 + ) + ( + 0.5
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.2755 = (2(d + 0.5 + d + 0.5))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.2755 = (2(2d + 1))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.2755 = (4d + 2)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

d = 0.5222 m ≈ 0.530 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.530 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.637 ≈ 0.650 m

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 4,248.44 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

4,248.44
M ′ =. = 1277.7271 kN − m/m
3.325

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
 1277.7271 x106
Rn = = 5.0541
(0.9)(1000)(530)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(5.0541)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.01289
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

0.85f ′ c 600 ρmax
ρmax = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( )
420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use ρ = 0.01289

Solving for Area of Steel

As = ρbd

As = (0.01289)(1000)(530) = 6,831.7 mm2

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab

6,831.7
n=π = 8.4945 say 9 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
 Total number of Bars = (9 bars )(18.75 m) = 168.75, say 169 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars

18750 − 2(75)
s= = 110.0592 ≈ 110 mm
169

Therefore, use 9-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 110 mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure

Pu = 431982.9 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

Sum of Column Loads

qT =
Area of Mat Foundation

431,982.9
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (55.23 x 18.75)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)

PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)

4 4
Tributary width = + =4m
2 2

PT = (221.0477)(4)(17.75) = 16,534.3685 kN

Determine the Average Load

 PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2

16,534.3685 + 17934
Average load = = 17,234.1842 kN
2

Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT

17,234.1842
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 230.4035 kN/m3
16,534.3685

Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip

17,234.1842
F= = 0.9610
17934

Factored Load on Columns

Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu

Factor
Pu T 4355.9
4185.925233
Pu Ad 2565.6
2465.485842
Pu Ba 3836.4
3686.697024
Pu Bx 4174.7
4011.795971
Pu Cs 3001.4
2884.280171
Sum of Pu 17234.18424

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu T 0 0
4185.925233
Pu Ad 2.85 7026.634649
2465.485842
 Pu Ba 5.7 21014.17303
3686.697024
Pu Bx 9 36106.16374
4011.795971
Pu Cs 14.7 42398.91851
2884.280171
Sum 17234.18424 - 106545.8899

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )

(17234.18424)(𝑥) = 106545.8899

𝑥 = 6.1822 𝒎

Length of Long Span, L = 14.7 m

Additional offset distance, = 2 m

𝐿 14.7
= = 7.35 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2

𝐿
𝑒=𝑥− = −1.167758448 𝑚
2

Modified offset distance:

Left side = 2 + e = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝐦

Right side = 2 − e = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation in Short Direction

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4355.9 kN. Therefore, U = 4355.9 kN or 4.3559 MN.

U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
 d d d
4.3559 = (2(( + 0.5 + ) + ( + 0.5
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.3559 = (2(d + 0.5 + d + 0.5))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.3559 = (2(2d + 1))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

4.3559 = (4d + 2)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48

d = 0.5287 m ≈ 0.530 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.530 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.637 ≈ 0.650 m

Determination of Reinforcements

Using the shear and moment diagram for long direction, the maximum

positive moment is Mu = 5,350.2071 kN-m

Nominal Maximum Moment

5,350.2071
M ′ =. = 1337.5518 kN − m/m
4

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
 1337.5518 x106
Rn = = 5.2907
(0.9)(1000)(530)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(5.2907)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.01354
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

0.85f ′ c 600 ρmax
ρmax = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( )
420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.01354

Solving for Area of Steel

As = ρbd

As = (0.01354)(1000)(530) = 7176.2 mm2

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab

7176.2
n=π = 8.9229 say 9 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
 Total number of Bars = (9 bars )(55.23 m) = 497.07, say 498 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars

55230 − 2(75)
s= = 110.6024 ≈ 110 mm
498

Therefore, use 9-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 110mm

Summary of Mat Footing Design 1

Use 37.95 x 17.75 m mat foundation with a total depth of 700 mm
With 11-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 80 mm for transverse (along
y)
With 6-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 160 mm for longitudinal
(along x)

Summary of Mat Footing Design 2

Use 55.23 x 18.75 m mat foundation with a total depth of 700 mm
With 9-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 110 mm for transverse (along
y)
With 9-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 110 mm for longitudinal
(along x)