APPENDIX D

(Detailed Design Computation

SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS EXTRACTED FROM MIDAS ANALYSIS
TYPE I STORY DRIFT

TYPE I BEAM TABLE

TYPE I COLUMN AXIAL, SHEAR AND MOMENT RESULT

TYPE I BASE REACTIONS

TYPE I WIND LOAD DIRECTIONS
DESIGN OF SLAB
FOR TYPE I
CONDOMINIUM
Slab Design
Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 6.5197 kPa
Live Load (LL) 1.9 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 154 mm
Depth at long 142 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12)
𝟐 2
= 𝟖𝟕𝐦𝐦

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (6.5197) + 1.6 (1.9)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
Moment Coefficient Values
Using Case 8
 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
0.068 0.029

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖)(𝟒𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (10.8626)(0.029)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
Check Shear Reinforcement
Wa = 0.68
Wb = 0.32

Wua = (0.68)(10.8636)(1) = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 7.3873 (0.099) = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√32(1000)(99) = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍
𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫
Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
11.8197x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 5.0035 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(5.0035)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 √𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
10.2359x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 4.9468 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(4.9468)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
 𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
320.3642
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟏 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
0.040 0.011
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
 𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐋𝐋
0.054 0.014

Dead Load Live Load

𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟒)(𝟒𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟑. 𝟎𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟒)(𝟒𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚

𝐌𝐛 = (𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏)(𝟓. 𝟕𝟐 ) Mb = (3.04)(0.014)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗𝟔𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟖𝟐𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚,𝐥𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟖𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
7.6338x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 3.2017 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(3.2017)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
 𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3053
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 ≈ 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
333.3503
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
4.1789x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 1,9848 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.9848)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
292.9442
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟖)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟒𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 1
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) Mb = (4.1789)
𝟑 3
Mb = 1.3930 kN − m
Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
2.5446x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 1.0556 mm
 C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.0556)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟑𝟔𝟐𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
333.3503
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.3930x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
 a = 0.6565 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.6565)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
292.9442
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (2-2s)
Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 154 mm
Depth at long 142 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12)
𝟐 2
= 𝟖𝟕𝐦𝐦

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (4.8)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
Moment Coefficient Values
Using Case 8
𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
 0.064 0.0278

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟒)(𝟒𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (13.0069)(0.0278)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
Check Shear Reinforcement
Wa = 0.7
Wb = 0.364

Wua = (0.7)(13.0069)(1) = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 9.1048 (0.099) = 17.5359 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√32(1000)(99) = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍
𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫
Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
9.0654x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 3.8141 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(3.8141)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4 420)
(
 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
5.9311x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 2.8309 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(2.8309)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 √𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
@ 0.85 and @ 0.80, respectively @ 0.85 and @ 0.80, respectively
0.024 0.012
0.026 0.011
By interpolating @0.81
0.0256 0.0112
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
 𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 CbLL
@ 0.85 and @ 0.80, respectively @ 0.85 and @ 0.80, respectively
0.037 0.019
0.041 0.017
By interpolating @0.81
0.0402 0.0174

Dead Load Live Load

𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟔)(𝟑. 𝟑𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟔𝟖)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟔)(𝟑. 𝟑𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛 𝐥𝟐𝐛 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛 𝐥𝟐𝐛

𝐌𝐛 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐)(𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝟐 ) Mb = (7.68)(0.0174)(3.32 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟖𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚,𝐥𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
4.8473x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 2.0207 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(2.0207)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.1705x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 1.5016 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.5016)(1000) = As(420)
 𝐀𝐬 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟒. 𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
 𝟏 1
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) Mb = (3.1705)
𝟑 3
Mb = 1.0583 kN − m

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.6158x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 0.669 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.669)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝟓𝟕𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.0568x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 0.4976 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.4976)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (3-1s)
Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
L 4.25 m
W 1.65 m
Effective Depth 154 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.9
Continuation of the Table _....
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

At One End Continuous

𝐋 1650
= = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟐𝟒 24
𝐋 𝐟𝐲 420
𝐡= (𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 + ) = 68.75 (0.40 + ) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟐𝟒 𝟕𝟎𝟎 700
Factored Load, Wu
 ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (0)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
Table 12.
Calculation of Positive and Negative Moments for Main Reinforcements
END SPAN
Positive Moment
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 Wu ln2
11
𝐌𝐮 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 1.9983 kN − m
Negative Moment
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭
𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐬 Wu ln2
10
𝐌𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 2.1982 kN − m

Main Reinforcements at the Bottom

𝐚
𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝟗𝟗 − )
𝟐
a
10.5357x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟖 𝐦𝐦
𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝐀𝐬𝐟𝐲 (𝐝 − )
𝟐
0.828
10.5357 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
 Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑(𝟏𝟐𝟓) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.
Main Reinforcements at the Top
𝐚
𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
7.0238x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐦
𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝐀𝐬𝐟𝐲 (𝐝 − )
𝟐
1.8745
7.0238 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑(𝟏𝟐𝟓) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.
For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcements
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 180 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑(𝟏𝟐𝟓) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.
Summary of the Computation of Slab Design in Type I Building
Summary of Slab Design
Diameter of Rebar 12 mm
Two-way Slab (1-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (2-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
One-way Slab (3-1S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
(O.C) strip)
Top Bars 375 mm 2 pcs
Bottom Bars 375 mm 2 pcs
Shrinkage and Temperature 450 mm 2 pcs
 DESIGN OF
BEAM FOR TYPE
I CONDOMINIUM
Beam Design
Design Parameters
Vu (Endspan) 525.37 kN
Vu (Midspan) 475.37 kN
Mu ( Positive Endspan) 502.69 kN - m
Mu (Negative Endspan) 690.65 kN - m
Mu ( Positive Midspan) 543.92 kN - m
Mu (Negative Midspan) 451.61 kN - m
d 586 mm
b 400 mm
h 650 mm
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
𝛃1 0.8214
Φ 0.90
Φ (for shear) 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of stirrups 10 mm
No. of Legs 4

At Positive Endspan:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 650 − 10 − 40 – 14
d = 586 mm
1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
 3
cmax = (586) = 251.1429mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (251.1429)(0.8214) = 206.2888mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
206.2888
Mumax = (0.8139)(0.85)(32)(206.2888)(450) (586 − )
2
Mumax = 998.8376 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

2. Assume Tension Controlled

a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
502.69x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(586 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟑 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
95.3653 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦

b.) Stress Check

586 − 116.1009
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 2759.1471 Mpa
116.1009
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 < 𝐟𝐲 ∴ 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥 𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝s

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(95.3653)(400) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 d.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟖𝟔) = 𝟕𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (400)(586) = 789.2659 mm2
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

As 2470.4154
N= = π = 4.012 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟓 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬 ≈ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝟔 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (28) 2
4
f.) Therefore, use 6 - 28 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

At Negative Endspan:
Solution:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 650 − 10 − 40 – 14
d = 586 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (586) = 251.1429mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (251.1429)(0.8214) = 206.2888mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
206.2888
Mumax = (0.8139)(0.85)(32)(206.2888)(450) (586 − )
2
Mumax = 998.8376 kN − m
 𝐌𝐮 < 𝐌𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐱 ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

2.) Assume Tension Controlled

a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
690.65x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(586 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟗 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
136.1869 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟕𝟗𝟖𝟓 𝐦𝐦
b.) Stress Check
586 − 165.7985
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 1752.2529 Mpa
165.7985
Since 𝐟 ′ 𝐬 < 𝐟𝐲 ∴ 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥 𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝s

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(136.1869)(450) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟓𝟐𝟕. 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
d.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟖𝟔)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
= 𝟕𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (400)(586)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
= 789.2659 mm2

e.) Number of Bars

As 3527.8892
N= = π = 5.7294 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (28) 2
4
 Therefore, use 6 - 28 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.
Stirrups Design
𝐕𝐮 = 𝟓𝟐𝟓. 𝟑𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Vc = 0.17λ√f ′ c bwd
Vc = 0.17(1)√32 (400)(586)
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝐤𝐍
Vu = ϕ(Vc + Vs )
525.37 = (0.75)(225.4143 + Vs )
𝐕𝐬 = 𝟒𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟎 𝐤𝐍
Solving Parameters for Spacing
ϕVc = (0.75)(225.4143) = 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟕 𝐤𝐍
0.5ϕVc = (0.5)(0.75)(225.4143) = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝐕𝐮 > 𝛟𝐕𝐜
𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒔, 𝒏 = 𝟒
π
Av fytd (4 (10)2 (4))(280)(586)
S= =
Vs 475.0790 x 103
𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐦𝐦
𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤 𝐋𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐬:
Solving Parameters for Maximum Spacing
0.33√f ′ c bwd = 0.33√32 (400)(586) = 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟎 𝐤𝐍
0.66√f ′ c bwd = 0.66√32 (400)(586) = 𝟖𝟕𝟓. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍
𝐕𝐬 > 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑√𝐟 ′ 𝐜 𝐛𝐰𝐝
𝟒𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟎 𝐤𝐍 > 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟎 𝐤𝐍
d 586
Smax or 300 mm = = 146.5 mm
4 4
∴ Use S = 108.5024 ≈ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
At Positive Midspan:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 650 − 10 − 40 – 14
 d = 586 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (586) = 251.1429mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (251.1429)(0.8214) = 206.2888mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
206.2888
Mumax = (0.8139)(0.85)(32)(206.2888)(400) (586 − )
2
Mumax = 998.8376 kN − m
Since Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝
2.) Assume Tension Controlled
a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
543.92x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(586 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟔 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
104.0236 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟖 𝐦𝐦
b.) Stress Check
586 − 126.6418
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 2479.5519 Mpa
126.6418
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟 ′𝐬 < 𝐟𝐲 ∴ 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥 𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝s
c.) Summation of Forces
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(57.2470)(400) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟔𝟗𝟒. 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 d.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟖𝟔)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
= 𝟕𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (400)(586)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
= 789.2659 mm2

e.) Number of Bars

As 2694.7066
N= = π = 4.3763 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟓 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬 ≈ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝟔 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (28) 2
4
Therefore, use 6 - 28 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.
At Negative Midspan:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 650 − 10 − 40 – 14
𝐝 = 𝟓𝟖𝟔 𝐦𝐦
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (586) = 251.1429mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (251.1429)(0.8214) = 206.2888mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
206.2888
Mumax = (0.8139)(0.85)(32)(206.2888)(400) (586 − )
2
Mumax = 998.8376 kN − m
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐌𝐮 < 𝐌𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐱 ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝
2.) Assume Tension Controlled
 a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
451.61x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(586 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟖𝟒𝟓𝟗 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
84.8459 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟑 𝐦𝐦
b.) Stress Check
586 − 103.2943
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 3175.6198 Mpa
103.2943
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟 ′𝐬 < 𝐟𝐲 ∴ 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥 𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝s
c.) Summation of Forces
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(56.3910)(400) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
d.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟓𝟎)(𝟓𝟖𝟔)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
= 𝟕𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (450)(586)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
= 789.2659 mm2

e.) Number of Bars

As 2197.9128
N= = π = 3.5695 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (28) 2
4
Therefore, use 4 - 28 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.
Stirrups Design
𝐕𝐮 = 𝟒𝟕𝟓. 𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍
Vc = 0.17λ√f ′ c bwd
 Vc = 0.17(1)√32 (400)(586)
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝐤𝐍
Vu = ϕ(Vc + Vs )
475.37 = (0.75)(225.4143 + Vs )
𝐕𝐬 = 𝟒𝟎𝟖. 𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠
ϕVc = (0.75)(225.4143) = 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟕 𝐤𝐍
0.5ϕVc = (0.5)(0.75)(225.4143) = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝑽𝒖 > 𝝓𝑽𝒄
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑠, 𝑛 = 4
π
Av fytd (4 (10)2 (4))(280)(586)
S= =
Vs 408.4124 x 103
𝐒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟔 𝐦𝐦
Solving Parameters for Maximum Spacing
0.33√f ′ c bwd = 0.33√32 (400)(586) = 437.5690 kN
0.66√f ′ c bwd = 0.66√32 (400)(586) = 875.1380 kN
Vs < 0.33√f ′ c bwd
𝟒𝟎𝟖. 𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟒 𝐤𝐍 < 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟎 𝐤𝐍
d 586
Smax or 600 mm = = 293 mm
2 2
∴ Use S = 126.2136 ≈ 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Torsion Design
At End Span:
𝐓𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐀𝐜𝐩 = bwh = (400)(650) = 260,000 mm2
𝐏𝐜𝐩 = 2( bw + h) = 2(400 + 650) = 2100 mm
𝐗𝟏 = bw − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 400 − 2(40) − 10 = 310 mm
𝐘𝟏 = h − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 650 − 2(40) − 10 = 560 mm
𝐀𝐨𝐡 = X1Y1 = (310)(560) = 173,600 mm2
 𝐀𝐨 = 0.85Aoh = 0.85(173,600) = 147,560 mm2
𝐏𝐡 = 2(X1 + Y1) = 2(310 + 560) = 1740 mm
1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required
A2 𝑐𝑝
ΦTₜₕ = (Φ)(0.083)(λ)√f′c ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
260,0002
ΦTₜₕ = (0.75)(0.083)(1)√32 ( ) = 11.3355 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2100

11.3355 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 < 13.9 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

∴ 𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
2.) Check Concrete Adequacy

𝑉𝑢 2 𝑇𝑢𝑃ℎ 2 𝑉𝑐
√( ) +( 2
) < Φ( + 0.66√𝑓 ′𝑐)
𝑏𝑤𝑑 1.7𝐴 𝑜ℎ 𝑏𝑤𝑑

525.37 2 (13.9)(1749) 2
√( ) +( )
(400)(650) 1.7(173,600)2

225.4143
< (0.75) ( + 0.66√32)
(400)(650)
0.002412414722 < 2.800864102 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞
3.) Required Area of Transverse Torsional Reinforcements
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
Tu 13.9
Tn = ( ) = ( ) = 18.5333 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Φ 0.75
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
2 (147,560)(At)(280)
18.5333 = ( ) cot(45)
S
𝐴𝑡
= 0.2243
𝑆
4.) Additional Longitudinal Reinforcements to Resist Torsion
𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡
Al = 𝑃ℎ ( ) cot 2 (𝜃)
𝑆 fy
280
Al = (0.2243)(1740) ( ) cot 2 (45)
420
 Al = 260.188
5.) Number of Bars
Al 260.188
N= = π = 0.4226 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟏 𝐁𝐚𝐫 ≈ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝟐 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (28) 2
4

At Mid Span:
𝐓𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐀𝐜𝐩 = bwh = (400)(650) = 260,000 mm2
𝐏𝐜𝐩 = 2( bw + h) = 2(400 + 650) = 2100 mm
𝐗𝟏 = bw − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 400 − 2(40) − 10 = 310 mm
𝐘𝟏 = h − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 650 − 2(40) − 10 = 560 mm
𝐀𝐨𝐡 = X1Y1 = (310)(560) = 173,600 mm2
𝐀𝐨 = 0.85Aoh = 0.85(173,600) = 147,560 mm2
𝐏𝐡 = 2(X1 + Y1) = 2(310 + 560) = 1740 mm
1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required
A2 𝑐𝑝
ΦTₜₕ = (Φ)(0.083)(λ)√f′c ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
260,0002
ΦTₜₕ = (0.75)(0.083)(1)√32 ( ) = 11.3355 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2100

11.3355 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 < 13.9 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

∴ 𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
2.) Check Concrete Adequacy

𝑉𝑢 2 𝑇𝑢𝑃ℎ 2 𝑉𝑐
√( ) +( 2
) < Φ( + 0.66√𝑓 ′𝑐)
𝑏𝑤𝑑 1.7𝐴 𝑜ℎ 𝑏𝑤𝑑

475.37 2 (13.9)(1749) 2
√( ) +( )
(400)(650) 1.7(173,600)2

225.4143
< (0.75) ( + 0.66√32)
(400)(650)
0.00198070839 < 2.800864102 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞
3.) Required Area of Transverse Torsional Reinforcements
 2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
Tu 13.9
Tn = ( ) = ( ) = 18.5333 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Φ 0.75
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
2 (147,560)(At)(280)
18.5333 = ( ) cot(45)
S
𝐴𝑡
= 0.2243
𝑆
4.) Additional Longitudinal Reinforcements to Resist Torsion
𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡
Al = 𝑃ℎ ( ) cot 2 (𝜃)
𝑆 fy
280
Al = (0.2243)(1740) ( ) cot 2 (45)
420
Al = 260.188
5.) Number of Bars
Al 260.188
N= = π = 0.4226 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟏 𝐁𝐚𝐫 ≈ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝟐 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (28) 2
4

Summary of Beam Design

Beam Dimension 650x400 mm
Diameter of Rebar 28 mm
Number of Bars Spacing

Positive 6 pcs Spaced at 100

Endspan mm using 10mm

Negative 6 pcs ⌀ four-legged

stirrups
Number of Bars Spacing

Positive 4 pcs Spaced at 120

Midspan
mm using 10mm
Negative 4 pcs
⌀ four-legged
 stirrups
Torsion Number of Bars
Reinforcements Spaced at 40
Endspan 2 pcs millimeter on
center
Spaced at 40
Midspan 2 pcs millimeter on
center
 DESIGN OF
COLUMN FOR
TYPE I
CONDOMINIUM
Column Design
Design Parameters
rho 0.01
L 650 mm2
W 650 mm2
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Area 422500 mm2
Ast for N 4225 mm2
As for Po 4926.0128 mm2
Ab 615.7516 mm2
Mu 805.19 kN − m
d 590 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of ties 10 mm

Pu = 5123.49 kN
Ag = 650 × 650 = 422500 mm2
Po = 0.85f ′ c(Ag − Ast) + Astfy
Po = (0.85)(32)(422500 − 4926.0128) + 4926.0128(420)
Po = 13426.9378 kN
Pn = 0.80Po = 0.80(13426.9378) = 10741.5503 kN
ϕPn = 0.65(10741.5503) = 6982. 0077 kN
Number of Bars:
4225
N=π = 6.8615 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
(28)2
4

Maximum Spacing of Ties:

a. 16db = 16(28) = 448 mm
b. 48dt = 48(10) = 480 mm
c. Least column dimension = 650 mm
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦 (𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐞)

Maximum Spacing of Column End Hoop:

1 1
a. of Least column dimension = (650) = 162.5 ≈ 160 mm
4 4
b. 6db = 6(28) = 168 ≈ 160 mm
c. 100
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒𝐡 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Additional Bars for Moment

𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝐑𝐧 =
(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝐛𝐰𝐝𝟐
805.16x106
Rn =
(0.65)(650)(5902 )
𝐑𝐧 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟖
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′ 𝐜 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐱 𝟑𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟖
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟐𝐑𝐧 2Rn
= 0.4026
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟′𝐜 0.85f′c

Steel Ratio

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′ 𝐜 𝟐𝐑𝐧
𝛒= (𝟏 − √𝟏 − )
𝐟𝐲 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′𝐜

𝛒 = (0.0648) x (1 − 0.4026)
𝛒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟕
Area of Steel
𝐀𝐬𝐭
𝛒=
𝐛𝐝
As = (0.0147) x (650) x (590)
As = 5639.2169 mm2
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
5639.2169
N= π
(28)2
4
N = 9.1582 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟎 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Reinforcement Limits
π
As = (db)2 (N)
4
π
As = (28)2 (24) = 14,778.0518 mm2
4
Asmin = (0.01Ag) = (0.01(422500)) = 4225 mm2
Asmax = (0.08Ag) = (0.08(422500)) = 33,800 mm2
𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝑨𝒔 < 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙, Adequate

Summary of Column Design

Column Dimension 650x650 mm
Diameter of Rebar 28 mm
No. of Bars 24 pcs.
Spacing of Ties 250 mm
Spacing of End Hoops 100 mm
DESIGN OF MAT
FOOTING FOR
TYPE I BUILDING
Design of Mat Footing for Type I Building

Pu in all Columns (Kn)

𝑷𝒖𝑨 4214.2 𝑷𝒖𝑾 3321.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒔 4709.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒐 4465.1
𝑷𝒖𝑩 3767.2 𝑷𝒖𝑿 3330.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒕 4842.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒑 3745.2
𝑷𝒖𝑪 3877.4 𝑷𝒖𝒀 3063.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒖 4838.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒒 3736.7
𝑷𝒖𝑫 3893.6 𝑷𝒖𝒁 4465.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒗 4723.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒓 3715.5
𝑷𝒖𝑬 3906.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒂 4772.7 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒘 4761.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒔 3718.2
𝑷𝒖𝑭 5073.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒃 4792.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒙 4816 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒕 5281.2
𝑷𝒖𝑮 1684.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒄 4792.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒚 4816 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒖 4986.8
𝑷𝒖𝑯 1605.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒅 4788.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒛 4631.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒗 4039
𝑷𝒖𝑰 4706.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒆 4609.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒂 2757.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒘 3933.1
𝑷𝒖𝑱 3888.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒇 2787 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒃 3149.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒙 3936.8
𝑷𝒖𝑲 3894.7 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒈 3175.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒄 4754.8 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒚 5303.4
𝑷𝒖𝑳 3890.2 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒉 4731.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒅 4871.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒛 4931.2
𝑷𝒖𝑴 4705 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒊 4861.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒆 4812.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒂 3890.7
𝑷𝒖𝑵 1610.7 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒋 4806.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒇 4853.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒃 3898.8
𝑷𝒖𝑶 1693.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒌 4850.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒈 4667.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒄 3884.6
𝑷𝒖𝑷 5129.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒍 4657 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒉 3124.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒅 4908.7
𝑷𝒖𝑸 3922.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒎 3155.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒊 2748.9 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒆 5232
𝑷𝒖𝑹 3926.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒏 2784 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒋 4597.8 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒇 3900.4
𝑷𝒖𝑺 4033.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒐 4610.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒌 4714.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒈 3893.6
𝑷𝒖𝑻 4983.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒑 4726.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒍 4781.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒉 3879.1
𝑷𝒖𝑼 5287.2 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒒 4793.8 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒎 4794.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒊 3768.6
𝑷𝒖𝑽 3047.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒓 4751.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒏 4776.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒋 4217.4

Design Parameters
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, 𝒒𝒂 242 kPa
 f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Φ 0.75
Depth of Soil, 𝑯𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 6m
Concrete Cover 75 mm
Total Pressure 366,180 kN

Determine the sum of column strips

 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
A to U 79,695 kN
V to Y 12,763.20 kN
Z to At 92,464 kN
Au to Bo 92,456.80 kN
Bp to Bs 14,915.60 kN
Bt to Cj 73,885.40 kN
Maximum Column Strip 92,464 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
A, Z, Au, Bt 18798.7 kN
B, Aa, Av, Bu 18250.3 kN
C, Ab, Aw, Bv 17470.2 kN
D, Ac, Ax, Bw 17435.5 kN
E, Ad, Ay, Bx 17447.7 kN
F, Ae, Az, By 19618.3 kN
G, V, Af, Ba, Bp 14022.6 kN
H, W, Ag, Bb, Bq 14989 kN
I, Ah, Bc, Bz 19123.9 kN
 J, Ai, Bd, Ca 17512.4 kN
K, Aj, Be, Cb 17412.8 kN
L, Ak, Bf, Cc 17478.2 kN
M, Al, Bg, Cd 18938.4 kN
N, X, Am, Bh, Br 14936.2 kN
O, Y, Am, Bi, Bs 14008 kN
P, Ao, Bj, Ce 19569.3 kN
Q, Ap, Bk, Cf 17263 kN
R, Aq, Bl, Cg 17395.5 kN
S, Ar, Bm, Ch 17459.1 kN
T, As, Bn, Ci 18238.9 kN
U, At, Bo, Cj 18812 kN
Maximum Column Strip 19618.3 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 366,180 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
366,180
qT = = 233.1169 kN/m3
84x18.7
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
3.75 3.3
Tributary width = + = 3.525 m
2 2
PT = (233.1169)(3.525)(84) = 69025.9091 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
 69,025.9091 + 92,464
Average load = = 80,744.9546 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
80,744.9546
q mod = (233.1169) ( ) = 272.6948 kN/m3
69,025.9091
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
80,744.9546
F= = 0.8733
92,464
Factored Loads on Column
Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Z 4465.1 3899.185592
Pu Aa 4772.7 4167.799842
Pu Ab 4792.4 4185.00303
Pu Ac 4792.8 4185.352333
Pu Ad 4788.5 4181.597323
Pu Ae 4609.7 4025.45874
Pu Af 2787 2433.770855
Pu Ag 3175.5 2773.031701
Pu Ah 4731.6 4131.908926
Pu Ai 4861.5 4245.345178
Pu Aj 4806.9 4197.665275
Pu Ak 4850.2 4235.477359
Pu Al 4657 4066.763857
Pu Am 3155.3 2755.391883
Pu An 2784 2431.15108
Pu Ao 4610.2 4025.89537
Pu Ap 4726.1 4127.106005
 Pu Aq 4793.8 4186.225592
Pu Ar 4751.7 4149.461418
Pu As 4709.7 4112.784569
Pu At 4842.3 4228.578619
Sum of Pu 80744.95455

Factored Soil Pressure

Pu 80,744.9546 kN
= = 961.2495
L 84 m
Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation
The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4861.5 kN. Therefore, U = 4861.5 kN or 4.8615 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
d d d d
4.8615 = (2 ( + 0.65 + ) + ( + 0.65 + )(d)(0.85)(0.34)√32
2 2 2 2
d = 0.6832 ≈ 0.684 m
Determine the Total Thickness of Slab
Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.684 + 0.075 + 0.025 = 0.784 ≈ 0.79 m
Determination of Reinforcements
Nominal Maximum Moment
2,116.92
M ′ =. = 600.5434 kN − m/m
3.525
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
600.5434x106
Rn = = 1.4262
(0.9)(1000)(684)2
 0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(32) 2(1.4262)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0035
420 0.85(32)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(32) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0243
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √32 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0034 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0033

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.0033)(1000)(684) = 2387.033 m𝑚2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
2387.033
n= π = 4.86 say 5 bars
(25)2
4
Total number of Bars = 95 for long direction.
Solve for Spacing
L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
84000 − 2(75)
s= = 197.34 ≈ 190 mm
94
Therefore, use 5-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 190mm
For Short Direction
Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 366,180 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
366,180
qT = = 233.1169 kN/m3
84x18.7
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
4 3.95
Tributary width = + = 3.975 m
2 2
PT = (233.1169)(3.975)(84) = 17328.1607 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
17328.1607 + 19618.3
Average load = = 18473.2304 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
18473.2304
q mod = (233.1169) ( ) = 248.5216 kN/m3
17328.1697
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
18473.2304
F= = 0.9416
19618.3
Factored Load on Columns
Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu F 5073.8 4777.655362
Pu Az 4631.4 4361.07711
 Pu Ae 4609.7 4340.643684
Pu By 5303.4 4993.854201
Sum of Pu 18473.23036

Factored Soil Pressure

Pu 18473.23036 kN
= = 987.8733
L 18.7 m
Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation
The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
5303.4 kN. Therefore, U = 5303.4 kN or 5.3034 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
d d d d
5.3034 = (2 ( + 0.65 + ) + ( + 0.65 + )(d)(0.85)(0.34)√32
2 2 2 2
d = 0.6612 ≈ 0.662 m
Determine the Total Thickness of Slab
Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.662 + 0.075 + 0.025 = 0.7762 ≈ 0.77 m
Determination of Reinforcements

Nominal Maximum Moment

2145.7053
M ′ =. = 539.80 kN − m/m
3.975
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
539.80x106
Rn = = 1.3686
(0.9)(1000)(662)2
 0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(32) 2(1.3686)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0033
420 0.85(32)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(32) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0243
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √32 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0034 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0033

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.0033)(1000)(662) = 2229.07 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
2229.07
n= π = 4.54 say 5 bars
(25)2
4
Total number of bars = 420 pcs for short direction.
Solve for Spacing
L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
84000 − 2(75)
s= = 199.64 ≈ 190 mm
420
Therefore, use 5-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 190mm
 Summary of Mat Footing Design
Use 84x18.7 m mat foundation with a total depth of 900 mm
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal
(along x)
SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS EXTRACTED FROM MIDAS ANALYSIS
TYPE II STORY DRIFT

TYPE II BEAM TABLE

TYPE II BASE REACTIONS

TYPE II COLUMN AXIAL, SHEAR AND MOMENT RESULT

TYPE II WIND LOAD DIRECTIONS

DESIGN OF SLAB
FOR TYPE II
CONDOMINIUM
Slab Design
Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 6.5197 kPa
Live Load (LL) 1.9 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 144 mm
Depth at long 132 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

1-2S

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span

S S
< 0.5, One Way, > 0.5, Two Way
L L

4
= 0.7018 > 0.5, therefore, Two Way Slab
5.7

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(4000 + 5700)

h= = = 107.7778 mm = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180

, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

2-2S

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span

S S
< 0.5, One Way, > 0.5, Two Way
L L

4
= 0.7018 > 0.5, therefore, Two Way Slab
5.7

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(4000 + 5700)

h= = = 107.7778 mm = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180

, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

3-1S

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span
S S
< 0.5, One Way, > 0.5, Two Way
L L
1.65
= 0.3882 < 0.5, therefore, One Way Slab
4.25

Thickness at One End Continuous, h

L 1650
h= = = 68.75 mm = 𝟕𝟎 𝐦𝐦
24 24
, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (1-2s)

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12)
𝟐 2
= 𝟖𝟕𝐦𝐦
Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (6.5197) + 1.6 (1.9)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
Moment Coefficient Values
Using Case 9
𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
0.081 0.011

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟏)(𝟒𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (10.8626)(0.011)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
Check Shear Reinforcement
Wa = 0.89
Wb = 0.11

Wua = (0.89)(10.8636)(1) = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 9.6686 (0.099) = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√32(1000)(99) = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍
𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫
Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
14.0793x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 5.9907 mm
C=T
 0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(5.9907)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟗𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4 420)
(
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
387.9681
𝐒 = 𝟐𝟗𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
387.9681
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.8826x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 1.8425 mm
 C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.8425)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
292.9442
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

 Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment
𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
0.033 0.006
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐋𝐋
0.05 0.011

Dead Load Live Load

𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑)(𝟒𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟑. 𝟎𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)(𝟒𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚

𝐌𝐛 = (𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔)(𝟓. 𝟕𝟐 ) Mb = (3.04)(0.011)(5.72 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟓𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚,𝐥𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
6.5629x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 2.7461 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(2.7461)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4 420)
(
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3053
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 ≈ 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
333.3503
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
2.6117x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 1.2351 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.2351)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 √𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
292.9442
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟗)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 1
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) Mb = (2.6117)
𝟑 3
Mb = 0.8706 kN − m
Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
 a
2. a876x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 0.9068 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)9086)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
333.3503
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
 𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
0.8706x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 0.4097 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.4097)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
292.9442
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (2-2s)
Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 154 mm
Depth at long 142 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12)
𝟐 2
= 𝟖𝟕𝐦𝐦

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (4.8)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
Moment Coefficient Values
Using Case 8
@ 0.80
𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝑪𝒃𝒏𝒆𝒈
0.55 0.45
@ 0.75
𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝑪𝒃𝒏𝒆𝒈
0.061 0.036
By interpolation @ 0.79
0.0562 0.04

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝑴𝒂 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒍𝟐𝒂 𝑀𝑎 = (13.0069)(0.0562)(3.32 )
𝑴𝒂 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑴𝒃 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒃𝒏𝒆𝒈 𝒍𝟐𝒃 𝑀𝑏 = (13.0069)(0.04)(4.1752 )
𝑴𝒃 = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

Check Shear Reinforcement

𝑊𝑎 = 0.0562
𝑊𝑏 = 0.438

𝑊𝑢𝑎 = (0.7)(13.0069)(1) = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵

𝑉𝑢 = 7.3099 (0.144) = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟕 𝒌𝑵
𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 𝑥 0.17λ√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑤𝑑

𝛷𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 𝑥 0.17(1)√32(1000)(144) = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟖𝟓𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵

𝜱𝑽𝒄 > 𝑽𝒖 ∴ 𝑨𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
7.9605x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
 a = 3.3411 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(3.3411)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟕𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
 a
9.0688x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 4.3678 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(4.3678)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

𝑪𝒂𝑫𝑳 𝑪𝒃𝑫𝑳
@ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively @ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively
0.032 0.015
0.036 0.013
By interpolating @0.79
0.0328 0.0146
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
𝑪𝒂𝑳𝑳 𝑪𝒃𝑳𝑳
@ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively @ 0.80 and @ 0.75, respectively
0.044 0.019
0.049 0.016
By interpolating @0.79
0.045 0.0184

Dead Load Live Load

𝑴𝒂,𝑫𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒂 𝒍𝟐𝒂 𝑴𝒂,𝑳𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒂 𝒍𝟐𝒂
𝑀𝑎 = (5.3269)(0.0328)(3.32 ) 𝑀𝑎 = (7.68)(0.045)(3.32 )
𝑴𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑴𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑴𝒃,𝑫𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒃 𝒍𝟐𝒃 𝑴𝒃,𝑳𝑳 = 𝝎𝒖 𝑪𝒃 𝒍𝟐𝒃

𝑀𝑏 = (5.3269)(0.0146)(4.1752 ) 𝑀𝑏 = (7.68)(0.0184)(3.32 )
𝑴𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟕 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑴𝒃 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑴𝒂,𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂,𝑳𝑳 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑴𝒃,𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃,𝒍𝑳 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
 a
5.6664x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 2.3364 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(2.3364)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
(12)2
4
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
 Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.8189x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 1.812 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.812)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
 320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟒)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 1
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) Mb = (3.3189)
𝟑 3
Mb = 1.2730 kN − m

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.8888x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 0.7825mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.7825)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟐𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟗)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

 𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
333.3503
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
339.2745
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.2730x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 0.5998 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.5998)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
292.9442
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(125) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
320.3642
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (3-1s)

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
L 4.25 m
W 1.65 m
Effective Depth 154 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
 Φ 0.9
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

At One End Continuous

𝐋 1650
= = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟐𝟒 24
𝐋 𝐟𝐲 420
𝐡= (𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 + ) = 68.75 (0.40 + ) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟐𝟒 𝟕𝟎𝟎 700
Factored Load, Wu
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (0)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟏𝟒𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
Table 12.
Calculation of Positive and Negative Moments for Main Reinforcements
END SPAN
Positive Moment
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 Wu ln2
11
𝐌𝐮 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 0.9658 kN − m
Negative Moment
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭
𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐬 Wu ln2
10
𝐌𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 1.502 kN − m

Main Reinforcements at the Bottom

𝐚
𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝟗𝟗 − )
𝟐
a
0.9658x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟑 𝐦𝐦
 𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝐀𝐬𝐟𝐲 (𝐝 − )
𝟐
0.828
0.9658 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑(𝟏𝟐𝟓) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.
Main Reinforcements at the Top
𝐚
𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.5024x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟏𝟗 𝐦𝐦
 𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝐀𝐬𝐟𝐲 (𝐝 − )
𝟐
1.8745
1.5024 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑(𝟏𝟐𝟓) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.
For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcements
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 180 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟒𝟐𝟎
(𝐀𝐠) (𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝐀𝐠 0.0014(125,000) = 175
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒= (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟓𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟓(𝟏𝟐𝟓) = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 450mm O.C.

Summary of Slab Design

Diameter of Rebar 12 mm
Two-way Slab (1-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 4 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
 Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (2-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 250 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 250 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
One-way Slab (3-1S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
(O.C) strip)
Top Bars 375 mm 2 pcs
Bottom Bars 375 mm 2 pcs
Shrinkage and Temperature 450 mm 2 pcs
 DESIGN OF
BEAM FOR TYPE
II CONDOMINIUM
Beam Design
Design Parameters
Vu (Endspan) 458.73 kN
Vu (Midspan) 434.32 kN
Mu ( Positive Endspan) 659.39 kN - m
Mu (Negative Endspan) 716.88 kN - m
Mu ( Positive Midspan) 368.62 kN - m
Mu (Negative Midspan) 371.98 kN - m
d 534 mm
b 400 mm
h 600 mm
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
𝛃1 0.8214
Φ 0.90
Φ (for shear) 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 32 mm
⌀ of stirrups 10 mm
No. of Legs 4

At Positive Endspan:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 600 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 534 mm
3. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
 3
cmax = (534) = 228.8571 mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (228.8571)(0.8214) = 187.9832 mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
187.9832
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(187.9832)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 732.3633 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

4. Assume Tension Controlled

g.) Mu
𝐚
𝐌𝐮 = 𝚽𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟′𝐜𝐚𝐛(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
659.39x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(534 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟖 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
146.0868 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟓𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦

h.) Stress Check

534 − 177.8510
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 1201.5080 Mpa
177.8510
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

i.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(146.0868)(400) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 j.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟑𝟒) = 𝟕𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛)(𝐝) (400)(534) = 719.2286 mm2
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)

k.) Number of Bars

As 3784.3438
N= = π = 4.7054 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 6 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

At Negative Endspan:
Solution:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 600 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 534 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (534) = 228.8571 mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (228.8571)(0.8214) = 187.9832 mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
187.9832
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(187.9832)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 732.3633 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝
 2.) Assume Tension Controlled
a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
716.88x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(534 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟔𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟑 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
161.5293 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟗𝟔. 𝟔𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝐦

b.) Stress Check

534 − 196.6512
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 1029.2807 Mpa
196.6512
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(161.5293)(400) = As(420)
As = 4184.3781 mm2
d.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟑𝟒) = 𝟕𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛)(𝐝) (400)(534) = 719.2286 mm2
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

As 4184.3781
N= = π = 5.2028 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 6 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

Stirrups Design
 𝐕𝐮 = 𝟒𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐍
Vc = 0.17λ√f ′ c bwd
Vc = 0.17(1)√32 (400)(534)
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓. 𝟒𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐍
Vu = ϕ(Vc + Vs )
459.73 = (0.75)(205.4117 + Vs )
𝐕𝐬 = 𝟒𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝟔𝟏𝟔 𝐤𝐍

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠

ϕVc = (0.75)(205.4117) = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝐤𝐍
0.5ϕVc = (0.5)(0.75)(205.4117) = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝐕𝐮 > 𝛟𝐕𝐜
No. of legs, n = 4

π
Av fytd (4 (10)2 (4))(280)(534)
S= =
Vs 407.5616 x 103
𝐒 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠
0.33√f ′ c bwd = 0.33√32 (400)(534) = 398.7403 kN
0.66√f ′ c bwd = 0.66√32 (400)(534) = 797.4807 kN
Vs > 0.33√f ′ c bwd
407.5616 kN > 398.7403 kN
d 534
Smax or 600 mm = = 133.5 mm
4 4
∴ Use S = 115.2539 ≈ 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦

At Positive Midspan:
Solution:
Effective depth, d:
 d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 600 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 534 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (534) = 228.8571 mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (228.8571)(0.8214) = 187.9832 mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
187.9832
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(187.9832)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 732.3633 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

2.) Assume Tension Controlled

a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
368.62x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(534 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟕 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
75.8887 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟖𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝐦

b.) Stress Check

534 − 92.3895
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 2867.9266 Mpa
92.3895
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝
 c.) Summation of Forces
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(75.8887)(400) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
d.) Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟑𝟒) = 𝟕𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛)(𝐝) (400)(534) = 719.2286 mm2
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

As 1965.8787
N= = π = 2.4444 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 4 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

At Negative Midspan:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 600 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 534 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (534) = 228.8571 mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (228.8571)(0.8214) = 187.9832 mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
 187.9832
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(187.9832)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 732.3633 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

2.) Assume Tension Controlled

a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
371.98x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(400)(534 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟔𝟑𝟖𝟑 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
76.6383 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐦
b.) Stress Check
534 − 93.3021
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 2834.0064 Mpa
93.3021
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(76.6383)(400) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟓. 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟗 𝐦𝐦𝟐

d.) Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛𝐝) (𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟓𝟑𝟒) = 𝟕𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
√𝟑𝟐 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = (𝐛)(𝐝) (400)(534) = 719.2286 mm2
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

 As 1985.2969
N= = π = 2.4685 ≈ Say 4 Bars
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 4 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

Stirrups Design

𝐕𝐮 = 𝟒𝟑𝟒. 𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐍
Vc = 0.17λ√f ′ c bwd
Vc = 0.17(1)√32 (400)(534)
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓. 𝟒𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐍
Vu = ϕ(Vc + Vs )
434.32 = (0.75)(205.4117 + Vs )
𝐕𝐬 = 𝟑𝟕𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟔 𝐤𝐍

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠

ϕVc = (0.75)(205.4117) = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝐤𝐍
0.5ϕVc = (0.5)(0.75)(205.4117) = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝐕𝐮 > 𝛟𝐕𝐜
No. of legs, n = 4
π
Av fytd (4 (10)2 (4))(280)(534)
S= =
Vs 373.6816 x 103
𝐒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓. 𝟕𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐦𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠
0.33√f ′ c bwd = 0.33√32 (400)(534) = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟑 𝐤𝐍
0.66√f ′ c bwd = 0.66√32 (400)(534) = 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟕 𝐤𝐍
Vs > 0.33√f ′ c bwd
𝟑𝟕𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟔 𝐤𝐍 < 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟑 𝐤𝐍
d 534
Smax or 600 mm = = 267 mm
2 2
∴ Use S = 125.7024 ≈ 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Torsion Design
At End Span:
𝐓𝐮 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐀𝐜𝐩 = bwh = (400)(650) = 260,000 mm2
𝐏𝐜𝐩 = 2( bw + h) = 2(400 + 650) = 2100 mm
𝐗𝟏 = bw − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 400 − 2(40) − 10 = 310 mm
𝐘𝟏 = h − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 650 − 2(40) − 10 = 560 mm
𝐀𝐨𝐡 = X1Y1 = (310)(560) = 173,600 mm2
𝐀𝐨 = 0.85Aoh = 0.85(173,600) = 147,560 mm2
𝐏𝐡 = 2(X1 + Y1) = 2(310 + 560) = 1740 mm
1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required
A2 𝑐𝑝
√
ΦTₜₕ = (Φ)(0.083)(λ) f′c ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
260,0002
ΦTₜₕ = (0.75)(0.083)(1)√32 ( ) = 11.3355 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2100

11.3355 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 > 4.63 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

∴ 𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
Summary of Beam Design
Beam Dimension 650x450 mm
Diameter of Rebar 32 mm
Number of Bars Spacing

Positive 6 pcs Spaced at 140

Endspan mm using 10mm

Negative 6 pcs ⌀ four-legged

stirrups
Number of Bars Spacing

Positive 4 pcs Spaced at 150

Midspan mm using 10mm

Negative 4 pcs ⌀ four-legged

stirrups
 DESIGN OF
COLUMN FOR
TYPE II
CONDOMINIUM
Column Design
Design Parameters
rho 0.01
L 650 mm
W 650 mm
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Area 422500 mm2
Ast for N 4225 mm2
Ast for Po 4926.0128 mm2
Ab 615.7516 mm2
Mu 745.89 kN − m
d 590 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of ties 10 mm

Pu = 5010.98 kN
Ag = 650 × 650 = 422500 mm2
Po = 0.85f ′ c(Ag − Ast) + Astfy
Po = (0.85)(32)(422500 − 4926.0128) + 4926.0128(420)
Po = 13426.9378 kN
Pn = 0.80Po = 0.80(13426.9378) = 10741.5503 kN
ϕPn = 0.65(10741.5503) = 6982. 0077 kN
Number of Bar
4225
N=π = 6.8615 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
(28)2
4
Maximum Spacing of Ties:
a. 16db = 16(28) = 440 mm
b. 48dt = 48(10) = 480 mm
c. Least column dimension = 650 mm
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦 (𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐞)

Maximum Spacing of Column End Hoop:

1 1
a. of Least column dimension = (650) = 162.5 ≈ 160 mm
4 4
b. 6db = 6(28) = 168 ≈ 160 mm
c. 100
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒𝐡 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Additional Bars for Moment

𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝐑𝐧 =
(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝐛𝐰𝐝𝟐
745.89x106
Rn =
(0.65)(650)(5902 )
𝐑𝐧 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟔

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′ 𝐜 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐱 𝟑𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟖
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟐𝐑𝐧 2Rn
= 0.3729
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟′𝐜 0.85f′c

Steel Ratio

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′ 𝐜 𝟐𝐑𝐧
𝛒= (𝟏 − √𝟏 − )
𝐟𝐲 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′𝐜

𝛒 = (0.0648) x (1 − 0.3729)
𝛒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟓
Area of Steel
𝐀𝐬𝐭
𝛒=
𝐛𝐝
As = (0.0135) x (650) x (590)
 As = 5168.6710 mm2
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
5168.6710
N= π
( )2
4 28
N = 8.3941 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟎 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Reinforcement Limits
π
As = (db)2 (N)
4
π
As = (28)2 (24) = 14,778.0518 mm2
4
Asmin = (0.01Ag) = (0.01(422500)) = 4225 mm2
Asmax = (0.08Ag) = (0.08(422500)) = 33,800 mm2
𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝑨𝒔 < 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙, Adequate

Summary of Column Design

Column Dimension 650x650 mm
Diameter of Rebar 28 mm
No. of Bars 24 pcs.
Spacing of Ties 250 mm
Spacing of End Hoops 100 mm
DESIGN OF MAT
FOOTING FOR
TYPE II BUILDING
Design of Mat Footing for Type II Building

Pu in all Columns (Kn)

𝑷𝒖𝑨 3137.2 𝑷𝒖𝒁 3035.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒚 4478.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒙 4174.7
𝑷𝒖𝑩 4316.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒂 2493.7 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒛 4339.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒚 3828.7
𝑷𝒖𝑪 4573 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒃 2401.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒂 3836.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒛 3140
𝑷𝒖𝑫 3126.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒄 2912.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒃 2971 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒂 3320.1
𝑷𝒖𝑬 3118.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒅 2565.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒄 3271.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒃 2596.3
𝑷𝒖𝑭 3078.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒆 2235.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒅 3362.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒄 2909.9
𝑷𝒖𝑮 3430 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒇 3347 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒆 3933.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒅 3494.9
𝑷𝒖𝑯 3769.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒈 3003.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒇 4234.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒆 3048
𝑷𝒖𝑰 3352 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒉 3795.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒈 4209.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒇 3112.4
𝑷𝒖𝑱 3659.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒊 4076.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒉 4203.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒈 3113.4
𝑷𝒖𝑲 3310.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒋 4204.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒊 4213.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒉 3071.5
𝑷𝒖𝑳 3355.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒌 4264.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒋 4280.3 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒊 3360
𝑷𝒖𝑴 3333.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒍 3912.8 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒌 4093.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒋 2774.2
𝑷𝒖𝑵 3330 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒎 4058.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒍 3051.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒌 3308.1
𝑷𝒖𝑶 3170.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒏 5179.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒎 3317.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒍 3328.7
𝑷𝒖𝑷 3360.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒐 2703.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒏 3749.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒎 3338.2
𝑷𝒖𝑸 3422.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒑 2577.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒐 4250.4 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒏 3268.1
𝑷𝒖𝑹 3044.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒒 3068.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒑 4275.5 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒐 3300.3
𝑷𝒖𝑺 3082.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒓 4210.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒒 4192.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒑 3417.8
𝑷𝒖𝑻 4355.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒔 4276.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒓 3014 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒒 3046.7
𝑷𝒖𝑼 4087.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒕 4176.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒔 3499.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒓 3072.2
𝑷𝒖𝑽 3048.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒖 2750.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒕 4070.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒔 3001.4
𝑷𝒖𝑾 2255.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒗 3285.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒖 4215.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒕 3340.5
𝑷𝒖𝑿 2585 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒘 4146.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒗 4198.3
𝑷𝒖𝒀 4126.2 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒙 4471.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒘 4190.5
 Design Parameters
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, 𝒒𝒂 242 kPa
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Φ 0.75
Depth of Soil, 𝑯𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 6m
Concrete Cover 75 mm
Total Pressure 344, 398.7 kN
Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 1)
Determine the sum of column strips
 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
A to J 35,561 kN
W to X 4,840.50 kN
Af to An 35,841.50 kN
Bd to Bk 32,530.10 kN
Cd to Ci, & Ca 22,520.30 kN
Maximum Column Strip 35,561 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
A,Af,Bd 9846.9 kN
B,W,Ag,Be,Cd 17003.4 kN
C,X,Ah,Bf,Ce 18235.7 kN
D,Ai,Bg,Cf 14524.8 kN
E,Aj,Bh,Cg 14639.2 kN
F,Ak,Bi,Ch 14628.5 kN
G,Al,Bj,Ci 14983.1 kN
H,Am,Bk,Ca 15241.6 kN
I,An 8531.1 kN
 J 3659.1 kN
Maximum Column Strip 18235.7 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 344,398.7 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
344,398.7
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (56.23 x 17.75)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
2.85
Tributary width = = 1.425 m
2
PT = (221.0477)(1.425)(37.95) = 11,938.23403 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
11,938.23403 + 35,561
Average load = = 23,749.6170 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
23,749.6170
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 439.7466 kN/m3
11,938.23403
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
23,749.6170
F= = 0.6679
35,561
Factored Loads on Column
Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu A 3137.2 2095.196943
Pu B 4316.3 2882.665615
Pu C 4573 3054.104176
Pu D 3126.8 2088.251244
Pu E 3118.1 2082.440899
Pu F 3078.9 2056.260955
Pu G 3430 2290.745096
Pu H 3769.6 2517.548896
Pu I 3352 2238.652351
Pu J 3659.1 2443.75084
Sum of Pu 23,749.61702

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu A 2095.196943 0 0
Pu B 2882.665615 2.9 8359.730283
Pu C 3054.104176 6.9 21073.31882
Pu D 2088.251244 10.9 22761.93856
Pu E 2082.440899 14.9 31028.3694
Pu F 2056.260955 18.9 38863.33206
Pu G 2290.745096 22.9 52458.0627
Pu H 2517.548896 26.9 67722.06532
Pu I 2238.652351 30.9 69174.35764
Pu J 2443.75084 34.9 85286.90432
Sum 23749.61702 - 396728.0791

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(23749.61702)(𝑥) = 396728.0791
𝑥 = 16.7046 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 34.9 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m

𝐿 34.9
= = 17.45 𝑚 > 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = −0.7453904558 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 + e = 2.2454 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 − e = 0.7546 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4573 kN. Therefore, U = 4573 kN or 4.573 MN.

U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
4.573 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.573 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.573 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.573 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.4828 m ≈ 0.490 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.
h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar
h = 0.490 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.597 ≈ 0.6 m
Determination of Reinforcements
 The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 2,219.08 kN-m, was

obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored loads

on Type II Building for Long Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment

2,219.08
M ′ =. = 1557.2461 kN − m/m
1.425

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
1557.2461 x106
Rn = = 7.2065
(0.9)(1000)(490)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(7.2065)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.019
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.019

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
 As = (0.019)(1000)(490) = 9310 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
9310
n=π = 11.576 say 12 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
Total number of Bars = (12 bars )(17.75 m) = 213 bars for long direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
17750 − 2(75)
s= = 82.6291 ≈ 80 mm
213
Therefore, use 12-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 80mm
For Short Direction
Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 431982.9 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (56.23 x 17.75)

Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
4 4
Tributary width = + =4m
2 2
PT = (221.0477)(4)(17.75) = 15,650.1777 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
 15,650.1777 + 18235.7
Average load = = 16942.9388 k𝑵
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
16942.9388
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 239.3070 kN/m3
15,650.1777
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
16942.9388
F= = 0.9291
18235.7
Factored Load on Columns
Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu C 4573 4248.811905
Pu X 2585 2401.744757
Pu Ah 3795.3 3526.24444
Pu Bf 4234.4 3934.215861
Pu Ce 3048 2831.921864
Sum of Pu 16942.93883

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu C 4248.811905 0 0
Pu X 2401.744757 2.85 6844.972558
Pu Ah 3526.24444 5.7 20099.59331
Pu Bf 3934.215861 9 35407.94274
Pu Ce 2831.921864 14.7 41629.25141
Sum 16942.93883 - 103981.76

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(16942.93883)(𝑥) = 103981.76
 𝑥 = 6.1372 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 14.7 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m

𝐿 14.7
= = 7.35 𝑚 > 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = −1.212826215 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 + e = 2.7128 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 − e = 0.2872 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4573 kN. Therefore, U = 4573 kN or 4.573 MN.

U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
4.573 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.573 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.573 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.573 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.4828 m ≈ 0.490 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.
h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar
h = 0.490 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.597 ≈ 0.6 m
Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 3522.3336 kN-m,

was obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored

loads on Type II Building for Short Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment

3522.3336
M ′ =. = 880.5834 kN − m/m
4
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
880.5834 x106
Rn = = 4.0751
(0.9)(1000)(490)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(4.0751)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0102
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.0102

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.0102)(1000)(490) = 4998 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
4998
n=π = 6.2145 say 7 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
Total number of Bars = (7 bars )(37.95 m) = 265.65, say 266 bars for short

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
37950 − 2(75)
s= = 142.1053 ≈ 140 mm
266
Therefore, use 7-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 140mm
Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 2)
Determine the sum of column strips
 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
K to V 40,902.10 kN
Y to Ae 19,770.40 kN
Ao to Bc 54,562.90 kN
Bl to Bz 57,167.50 kN
Cb to Cc 5,506.20 kN
Maximum Column Strip 57,167.50 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
K,Aa,Aq,Bn,Cj 15396 kN
L,Ar,Bo,Ck 15124.6 kN
 M,As,Bp,Cl 15214.2 kN
N,At,Bq,Cm 15036.7 kN
O,Ab,Au,Br,Cb,Cn 17201.5 kN
Ac,Av,Bs,Cc 12606.5 kN
P,Aw,Bt,Co 14878 kN
Q,Ax,Bu,Cp 15526.6 kN
R,Ay,Bv,Cq 14768.1 kN
S,Az,Bw,Cr 14684.5 kN
T,Ad,Ba,Bx,Cs 17934 kN
U,Ae,Bb,By,Ct 16463.1 kN
V,Bc,Bz 9460.4 kN
Y,Ao,Bl 9880.4 kN
Z,Ap,Bm 8930.7 kN
Maximum Column Strip 17934 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 344,398.7 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (56.23 x 17.75)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
3.3 3.35
Tributary width = + = 3.325 m
2 2
PT = (221.0477)(3.325)(56.23) = 41,291.3801 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
 41,291.3801 + 57,167.50
Average load = = 49,229.4401 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
49,229.4401
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 263.5430 kN/m3
41,291.3801
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
49,229.4401
F= = 0.8611
57,167.50
Factored Loads on Column
Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Bl 3051.1 2627.435947
Pu Bm 3317.5 2856.844664
Pu Bn 3749.6 3228.944914
Pu Bo 4250.4 3660.205746
Pu Bp 4275.5 3681.820456
Pu Bq 4192.2 3610.087175
Pu Br 3014 2595.487511
Pu Bs 3499.2 3013.314499
Pu Bt 4070.7 3505.458199
Pu Bu 4215.1 3629.807368
Pu Bv 4198.3 3615.340152
Pu Bw 4190.5 3608.62323
Pu Bx 4174.7 3595.017158
Pu By 3828.7 3297.061392
Pu Bz 3140 2703.991634
Sum of Pu 49,229.44005
 Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn
Pu Bl 2627.435947 0 0
Pu Bm 2856.844664 3.9 11141.69419
Pu Bn 3228.944914 8.025 26073.73018
Pu Bo 3660.205746 12.1 44288.48952
Pu Bp 3681.820456 16.1 59277.30934
Pu Bq 3610.087175 20.1 72562.75221
Pu Br 2595.487511 24.1 62551.24902
Pu Bs 3013.314499 27.98 84312.53967
Pu Bt 3505.458199 30.285 106162.8016
Pu Bu 3629.807368 34.285 124447.9456
Pu Bv 3615.340152 38.285 138413.2977
Pu Bw 3608.62323 42.285 152590.6333
Pu Bx 3595.017158 46.285 166395.3691
Pu By 3297.061392 50.285 165792.7321
Pu Bz 2703.991634 53.18 143798.2751
Sum 49229.44005 - 1357808.819

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(49229.44005)(𝑥) = 1357808.819
𝑥 = 27.5812 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 53.18 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m

𝐿 53.18
= = 17.45 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = 0.9912362968 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 − e = 0.5088 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 + e = 2.4912 𝐦
Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation
The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4275.5 kN. Therefore, U = 4275.5 kN or 4.2755 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
4.2755 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.2755 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.2755 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.2755 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.4601 m ≈ 0.470 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.
h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar
h = 0.470 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.577 ≈ 0.6 m
Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 10,249.49 kN-m,

was obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored

loads on Type II Building for Long Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment

10,249.49
M ′ =. = 3082.5532 kN − m/m
3.325
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
 3082.5532 x106
Rn = = 15.5050
(0.9)(1000)(470)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(11.4470)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0496
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0364

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.0364)(1000)(470) = 17,108 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
17,108
n=π = 21.2721 say 22 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
Total number of Bars = (22 bars )(17.75 m) = 390.5, say 391 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

 L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
17750 − 2(75)
s= = 45.0128 ≈ 40 mm
391
Therefore, use 22-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 40mm
For Short Direction
Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 431982.9 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 221.0477 kN/m3
(37.95 x 17.75) + (56.23 x 17.75)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
4 4
Tributary width = + =4m
2 2
PT = (221.0477)(4)(17.75) = 15,650.1777 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
15,650.1777 + 17934
Average load = = 16,792.0888 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
16,792.0888
q mod = (221.0477) ( ) = 239.3070 kN/m3
15,650.1777
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
16,792.0888
F= = 0.9363
17934
Factored Load on Columns
Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu T 4355.9 4078.546879
Pu Ad 2565.6 2402.24061
Pu Ba 3836.4 3592.12499
Pu Bx 4174.7 3908.884422
Pu Cs 3001.4 2810.291926
Sum of Pu 16792.08883

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu T 4078.546879 0 0
Pu Ad 2402.24061 2.85 6846.385738
Pu Ba 3592.12499 5.7 20475.11244
Pu Bx 3908.884422 9 35179.9598
Pu Cs 2810.291926 14.7 41311.29132
Sum 16792.08883 - 103812.7493

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(16792.08883)(𝑥) = 103812.7493
𝑥 = 6.1822 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 14.7 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m

𝐿 14.7
= = 7.35 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = −1.167758448 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 + e = 2.6678 𝐦
 Right side = 1.5 − e = 0.3322 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4355.9 kN.
Therefore, U = 4355.9 kN or 4.3559 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
4.3559 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.3559 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.3559 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.3559 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.4663 m ≈ 0.470 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.
h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar
h = 0.470 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.577 ≈ 0.6 m
Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 3375.9416 kN-m,

was obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored

loads on Type II Building for Long Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment

3375.9416
M ′ =. = 843.9854 kN − m/m
4
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
 843.9854 x106
Rn = = 4.2452
(0.9)(1000)(470)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(4.2452)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0107
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.0107

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.0107)(1000)(470) = 5029 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
5029
n=π = 6.253 say 7 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
Total number of Bars = (7 bars )(56.23 m) = 393.61, say 394 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

 L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
56230 − 2(75)
s= = 142.335 ≈ 140 mm
394
Therefore, use 7-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 140mm
Summary of Mat Footing Design 1
Use 37.95 x 17.75 m mat foundation with a total depth of 600 mm
With 12-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 80 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 7-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 140 mm for longitudinal
(along x)

Summary of Mat Footing Design 2

Use 56.23 x 17.15 m mat foundation with a total depth of 600 mm
With 22-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 40 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 7-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 140 mm for longitudinal
(along x)
SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS EXTRACTED FROM MIDAS ANALYSIS
TYPE III STORY DRIFT

TYPE III BEAM TABLE

TYPE III BASE REACTIONS

TYPE III COLUMN AXIAL, SHEAR AND MOMENT RESULT

TYPE III WIND LOAD DIRECTIONS

DESIGN OF SLAB
FOR TYPE III
CONDOMINIUM
Slab Design

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 6.3 m
Short Direction (La) 4.6 m
Depth at short 104 mm
Depth at long 92 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 1 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

1-2S

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span

S S
< 0.5, One Way, > 0.5, Two Way
L L

4.6
= 0.7302 > 0.5, therefore, Two Way Slab
6.3

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(4600 + 6300)

h= = = 121.1111 mm = 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180

, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

2-2S

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span

S S
< 0.5, One Way, > 0.5, Two Way
L L

3.15
= 0.9 > 0.5, therefore, Two Way Slab
3.5

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(3150 + 3500)

h= = = 73.8889 mm = 𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦
180 180

, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

3-2S

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span

S S
< 0.5, One Way, > 0.5, Two Way
L L

3.5
= 0.7659 > 0.5, therefore, Two Way Slab
4.57

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(3500 + 4570)

h= = = 89.6667 mm = 𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180

, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (1-2s)

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 130 − 20 − 12 − (12) = 𝟗𝟐 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 2
Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (4.8)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 8
@0.75 and 0.7, respectively @0.75 and 0.7, respectively
𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
0.61 0.036
0.068 0.029
By interpolation @0.73
0.638 0.362

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

Ma = ωu 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟖)(𝟒. 𝟔𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝟓𝟗𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (13.0069)(0.362)(6.32 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Check Shear Reinforcement

Wa = 0.638
Wb = 0.362

Wua = (0.638)(8.2984)(1) = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 24.8621(0.104) = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√32(1000)(104) = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟗 𝐤𝐍
 𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
17.5595x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 7.1424 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(7.1424)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
462.5554
𝐒 = 𝟐𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟑 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
462.5554
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 5-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 240 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
17.1394x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 7.954 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(7.954)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
515.1162
 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟏𝟗. 𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
515.1162
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 5-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 210 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment
@0.75 and @0.70, respectively @0.75 and @0.70, respectively
𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
0.036 0.013
0.04 0.011
By interpolation @0.73
0.0376 0.0122
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
@0.75 and @0.70, respectively @0.75 and @0.70, respectively
𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐋𝐋
0.049 0.016
0.054 0.014
By interpolation @0.73
0.051 0.0152

Dead Load Live Load

 𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟔)(𝟒. 𝟔𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟔𝟖)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟏)(𝟒. 𝟔𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛 𝐥𝟐𝐛 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚

𝐌𝐛 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐)(𝟔. 𝟑𝟐 ) Mb = (3.04)(0.0152)(6.32 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
12.5262x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 5.0423 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(5.0423)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟒𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
 π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
7.2127x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 3.2603 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(3.2603)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟐)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐛 = (𝟕. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟒𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
 a
4.1754x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 1.6532 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.6532)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
( )2
4 12
 𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
2.4042x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 1.0738 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.0738)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
(12)2
4
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (2-2s)
Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 3.5 m
Short Direction (La) 3.15 m
Depth at short 104 mm
Depth at long 92 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
fy 420 Mpa
h 130 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 130 − 20 − 12 − (12) = 𝟗𝟐 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 2

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
 ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (3.3)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 9
@ 0.90

𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
0.068 0.025
Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge
𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖)(𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟕𝟔𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (13.0069)(0.04)(35002 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Check Shear Reinforcement

Wa = 0.75
Wb = 0.25

Wua = (0.75)(13.0069)(1) = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 3.2517 (0.104) = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟖 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√32(1000)(104) = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟗 𝐤𝐍
𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
8.7762x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
 a = 3.5063 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(3.5063)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟐𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
  Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.9834x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 1.786 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.786)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
 309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment
𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
0.026 0.015
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐋𝐋
0.036 0.022

Dead Load Live Load

𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟔)(𝟑. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟔𝟖)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔)(𝟑. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟑𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝟑𝟒𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛 𝐥𝟐𝐛 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛 𝐥𝟐𝐛
𝐌𝐛 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓)(𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 ) Mb = (7.68)(0.022)(3.52 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
4.1177x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 1.6301 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
 0.85(32)(1.6301)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟓𝟔𝟖𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
3.0487x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
 a = 1.3638 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.3638)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟒. 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐛 = (𝟑. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟕)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.3726x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 0.5405 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.5405)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
 π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.0162x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 0.4523 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.4523)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (3-2s)

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
Live Load (LL) 4.8 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 4.57 m
Short Direction (La) 3.5 m
Depth at short 104 mm
Depth at long 92 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 32
 fy 420 Mpa
h 130 mm
Φ 0.75
λ 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (1-2s)

Effective Depth, d
𝟏 𝟏
𝐝𝟏 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − (𝐝𝐛) 𝐝𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 − (𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 1
𝐝𝟐 = 𝐡 − 𝐜𝐜 − 𝐝𝐛 − (𝐝𝐛) d2 = 130 − 20 − 12 − (12) = 𝟗𝟐 𝐦𝐦
𝟐 2

Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮
ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)
ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (4.8)
𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 9
@0.80 and 0.75, respectively @0.80 and 0.75, respectively
Caneg Cbneg
0.075 0.017
0.078 0.014
By interpolation @0.77
0.0768 0.0152

Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟖)(𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 )
 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟎 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (13.0069)(0.0152)(4.572 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Check Shear Reinforcement

Wa = 0.848
Wb = 0.152

Wua = (0.848)(12.2370)(1) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟗 𝐤𝐍

Vu = 11.0299(0.104) = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝐤𝐍

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17λ√f′cbwd

ΦVc = 0.75 x 0.17(1)√32(1000)(104) = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟗 𝐤𝐍
𝚽𝐕𝐜 > 𝐕𝐮 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
12.237x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 4.923 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(4.923)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟗 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
462.5554
𝐒 = 𝟐𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟑 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
462.5554
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 5-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 240 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
4.1291x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 1.852 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.852)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟑𝟗 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Spacing
𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan
Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment
@0.80 and @0.75, respectively @0.80 and @0.75, respectively
𝐂𝐚𝐃𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐃𝐋
 0.029 0.01
0.031 0.007
By interpolation @0.77
0.0302 0.0082
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
@0.80 and @0.75, respectively @0.80 and @0.75, respectively
𝐂𝐚𝐋𝐋 𝐂𝐛𝐋𝐋
0.042 0.017
0.046 0.013
By interpolation @0.77
0.0444 0.0146

Dead Load Live Load

𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚
𝐌𝐚 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟐)(𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 ) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟕. 𝟔𝟖)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟒)(𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 )
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟎𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐚 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛 𝐥𝟐𝐛 𝐌𝐛,𝐋𝐋 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚 𝐥𝟐𝐚

𝐌𝐛 = (𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟐)(𝟒. 𝟓𝟕𝟐 ) Mb = (3.04)(0.0146)(4.572 )
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟖𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐌𝐚,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐚,𝐋𝐋 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝐌𝐛,𝐃𝐋 + 𝐌𝐛,𝐥𝐋 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
6.1479x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 2.4435 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
 0.85(32)(2.4435)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
 a
3.2541x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 1.4564 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(1.4564)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟑𝟏𝟗𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
 𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐚 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟔. 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟗)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝟏 𝟏
𝐌𝐛 = (𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) 𝐌𝐛 = (𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟏)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐌𝐛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟒𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

Flexural Reinforcements
 Short Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
2.0493x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(104 − )
2
a = 0.8081 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.8081)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟒)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(104)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Spacing
 𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
350.1862
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
350.1862
N= π
(12)2
4
𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C.
 Long Direction
𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
1.0847x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(32)(a)(1000)(92 − )
2
a = 0.4829 mm
C=T
0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
0.85(32)(0.4829)(1000) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟗𝟐)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 √𝐟′𝐜 √32
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(92)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

𝐀𝐛
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐀𝐬
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
309.7801
𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝟒𝟓𝟎
Smax = 2(130) or 450
𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Number of Bars
𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛
309.7801
N= π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 260 mm O.C

Summary of Slab Design

Diameter of Rebar 12 mm
Two-way Slab (1-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 240 mm 5 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 4 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 4 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 210 mm 5 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (2-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 4 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 4 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 4 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
Two-way Slab (3-2S)
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Short Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 4 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 4 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 4 pcs
Discontinuous
Spacing No. of Bars (every 1m
Long Direction
(O.C) strip)
Negative Moment at Continuous 260 mm 3 pcs
Positive Moment at Midspan 260 mm 3 pcs
Negative Moment at 260 mm 3 pcs
Discontinuous
 DESIGN OF
BEAM FOR TYPE
III CONDOMINIUM
Beam Design
Design Parameters
Vu (Endspan) 669.43 kN
Vu (Midspan) 650.95 kN
Mu ( Positive Endspan) 915.85 kN - m
Mu (Negative Endspan) 965.46 kN - m
Mu ( Positive Midspan) 484.10 kN - m
Mu (Negative Midspan) 500.09 kN - m
d 634 mm
b 500 mm
h 700 mm
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
𝛃1 0.8214
Φ 0.90
Φ (for shear) 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 32 mm
⌀ of stirrups 10 mm
No. of Legs 4

At Positive Endspan:
Solution:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 700 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 634 mm
5. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
 3
cmax = (634) = 271.7143mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (271.7143)(0.8214) = 223.1861mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
223.1861
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(223.1861)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 1290.4247 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

6. Assume Tension Controlled

l.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
915.85x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(500)(634 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
131.6980 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟔 𝐦𝐦

m.) Stress Check

634 − 160.3336
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 1772.5532 Mpa
160.3336
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

n.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(131.6980)(500) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝟎𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐
 o.) Check Limits
1.4 1.4
Asmin = (bd) = (500)(634) = 1056.6667 mm2
fy 420

√32 √32
Asmin = (b)(d) = (500)(634) = 1067.3945 mm2
4(fy) 4(420)

p.) Number of Bars

As 4264.5067
N= = π = 5.3025 ≈ Say 6 Bars
Ab (32)2
4
Therefore, use 6 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

At Negative Endspan:
Solution:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 700 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 634 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (634) = 271.7143mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (271.7143)(0.8214) = 223.1861mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
223.1861
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(223.1861)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 1290.4247 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝
2.) Assume Tension Controlled
a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
965.46x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(500)(634 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟗 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
139.8329 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝐦𝐦

b.) Stress Check

634 − 170.2373
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 1634.5279 Mpa
170.2373
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(139.8329)(500) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
d.) Check Limits
1.4 1.4
Asmin = (bd) = (500)(634) = 1056.6667 mm2
fy 420

√32 √32
Asmin = (b)(d) = (500)(634) = 1067.3945 mm2
4(fy) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

As 4527.9225
N= = π = 5.6300 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 6 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.
Stirrups Design

𝐕𝐮 = 𝟔𝟔𝟗. 𝟒𝟑 𝐤𝐍
Vc = 0.17λ√f ′ c bwd
Vc = 0.17(1)√32 (500)(636)
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟑𝟎𝟓. 𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟓 𝐤𝐍
Vu = ϕ(Vc + Vs )
669.43 = (0.75)(305.8095 + Vs )
𝐕𝐬 = 𝟓𝟖𝟔. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟖 𝐤𝐍

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠

ϕVc = (0.75)(305.8095) = 229.3571 kN
0.5ϕVc = (0.5)(0.75)(305.8095) = 114.6786 kN
𝐕𝐮 > 𝛟𝐕𝐜
No. of legs, n = 4

π
Av fytd (4 (10)2 (4))(280)(634)
S= =
Vs 586.7638 x 103
𝐒 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠
0.33√f ′ c bwd = 0.33√32 (500)(634) = 𝟓𝟗𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝐤𝐍
0.66√f ′ c bwd = 0.66√32 (500)(634) = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝐤𝐍
Vs > 0.33√f ′ c bwd
𝟓𝟔𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐤𝐍 < 𝟓𝟗𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝐤𝐍
d 634
Smax or 600 mm = = 317 mm
2 2
∴ Use S = 95.0460 ≈ 𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦
At Positive Midspan:
Solution:
 Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 700 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 634 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (634) = 271.7143mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (271.7143)(0.8214) = 223.1861mm
800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
223.1861
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(223.1861)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 1290.4247 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

2.) Assume Tension Controlled

a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
484.10x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(500)(634 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟕𝟗𝟕𝟎 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
65.7970 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟒 𝐦𝐦

b.) Stress Check

634 − 80.1034
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 4148.8621 Mpa
80.1034
 𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(65.7970)(500) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
d.) Check Limits
1.4 1.4
Asmin = (bd) = (500)(634) = 1056.6667 mm2
fy 420

√32 √32
Asmin = (b)(d) = (500)(634) = 1067.3945 mm2
4(fy) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

As 2130.5695
N= = π = 2.6491 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 4 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

At Negative Midspan:
Solution:
Effective depth, d:
d = h − ⌀ of stirrups − concrete cover − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 700 − 10 − 40 – 16
d = 634 mm
1.) Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB
3
cmax = (d)
7
3
cmax = (634) = 271.7143mm
7
amax = (cmax )(β1)
amax = (271.7143)(0.8214) = 223.1861mm
 800 − 420
ϕmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( ) = 0.8138
1000 − 420
amax
Mumax = (ϕmax)(0.85)(f′c)(amax)(b) (d − )
2
223.1861
Mumax = (0.8138)(0.85)(32)(223.1861)(500) (634 − )
2
Mumax = 1290.4247 kN − m
Mu < Mumax ∴ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝

2.) Assume Tension Controlled

a.) Mu
a
Mu = Φ0.85f′cab(d − )
2
a
500.09x106 = (0.90)(0.85)(32)(a)(500)(634 − )
2
𝐚 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝐦𝐦
a = (c)(β1)
68.1008 = (c)(0.8214)
𝐜 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟗𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝐦𝐦

b.) Stress Check

634 − 82.9082
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 3988.2072 Mpa
82.9082
𝐟 ′ 𝐬 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∴ 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝

c.) Summation of Forces

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy
(0.85)(32)(68.1008)(500) = As(420)
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟓. 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐
d.) Check Limits
1.4 1.4
Asmin = (bd) = (500)(634) = 1056.6667 mm2
fy 420
 √32 √32
Asmin = (b)(d) = (500)(634) = 1067.3945 mm2
4(fy) 4(420)

e.) Number of Bars

As 2205.1688
N= = π = 2.7419 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4
Therefore, use 4 - 32 mm ⌀ rebars for tension.

Stirrups Design

𝐕𝐮 = 𝟔𝟓𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 𝐤𝐍
Vc = 0.17λ√f ′ c bwd
Vc = 0.17(1)√32 (500)(636)
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟑𝟎𝟓. 𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟓 𝐤𝐍
Vu = ϕ(Vc + Vs )
650.95 = (0.75)(305.8095 + Vs )
𝐕𝐬 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐤𝐍

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠

ϕVc = (0.75)(305.8095) = 229.3571 kN
0.5ϕVc = (0.5)(0.75)(305.8095) = 114.6786 kN
𝐕𝐮 > 𝛟𝐕𝐜
No. of legs, n = 4

π
Av fytd (4 (10)2 (4))(280)(636)
S= =
Vs 562.1238 x 103
𝐒 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠
0.33√f ′ c bwd = 0.33√32 (500)(634) = 𝟓𝟗𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝐤𝐍
0.66√f ′ c bwd = 0.66√32 (500)(634) = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝐤𝐍
 Vs > 0.33√f ′ c bwd
𝟓𝟔𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝐤𝐍 < 𝟓𝟗𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝐤𝐍
d 634
Smax or 600 mm = = 317 mm
2 2
∴ Use S = 99.2122 ≈ 𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Torsion Design
At End Span:
𝐓𝐮 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟏𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐀𝐜𝐩 = bwh = (350)(600) = 210,000 mm2
𝐏𝐜𝐩 = 2( bw + h) = 2(350 + 600) = 1900 mm
𝐗𝟏 = bw − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 350 − 2(40) − 10 = 260 mm
𝐘𝟏 = h − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 600 − 2(40) − 10 = 510 mm
𝐀𝐨𝐡 = X1Y1 = (260)(510) = 132,600 mm2
𝐀𝐨 = 0.85Aoh = 0.85(132,600 ) = 112,710 mm2
𝐏𝐡 = 2(X1 + Y1) = 2(260 + 510) = 1540 mm
1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required
A2 𝑐𝑝
√
ΦTₜₕ = (Φ)(0.083)(λ) f′c ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
210,0002
ΦTₜₕ = (0.75)(0.083)(1)√32 ( 1900
) = 8.1733 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

8.1733𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 < 41.13 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

∴ 𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
2.) Check Concrete Adequacy

𝑉𝑢 2 𝑇𝑢𝑃ℎ 2 𝑉𝑐
√( ) +( ) < Φ ( + 0.66√𝑓 ′𝑐)
𝑏𝑤𝑑 1.7𝐴2 𝑜ℎ 𝑏𝑤𝑑

525.37 2 (13.9)(1540) 2
√( ) +( )
(350)(600) 1.7(132,600)2

180.4084
< (0.75) ( + 0.66√32)
(350)(600)
0.001561621907 < 2.800864102 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞
3.) Required Area of Transverse Torsional Reinforcements
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
Tu 41.13
Tn = ( ) = ( ) = 54.84 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Φ 0.75
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
2 (112,710)(At)(280)
54.84 = ( ) cot(45)
S
𝐴𝑡
= 0.9322
𝑆
4.) Additional Longitudinal Reinforcements to Resist Torsion
𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡
Al = 𝑃ℎ ( ) cot 2 (𝜃)
𝑆 fy
280
Al = (0.9322)(1540) ( ) cot 2 (45)
420
Al = 805.728
5.) Number of Bars
Al 805.728
N= = π = 1.002 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4

At Mid Span:
𝐓𝐮 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟏𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
𝐀𝐜𝐩 = bwh = (350)(600) = 210,000 mm2
𝐏𝐜𝐩 = 2( bw + h) = 2(350 + 600) = 1900 mm
𝐗𝟏 = bw − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 350 − 2(40) − 10 = 260 mm
𝐘𝟏 = h − 2(cc) − ⌀ of stirrups = 600 − 2(40) − 10 = 510 mm
𝐀𝐨𝐡 = X1Y1 = (260)(510) = 132,600 mm2
𝐀𝐨 = 0.85Aoh = 0.85(132,600 ) = 112,710 mm2
𝐏𝐡 = 2(X1 + Y1) = 2(260 + 510) = 1540 mm
1.) Check if Torsion Reinforcement is Required
 A2 𝑐𝑝
( )( )( ) √
ΦTₜₕ = Φ 0.083 λ f′c ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
210,0002
ΦTₜₕ = (0.75)(0.083)(1)√32 ( ) = 8.1733 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
1900

8.1733𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 < 41.13 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

∴ 𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝
2.) Check Concrete Adequacy

𝑉𝑢 2 𝑇𝑢𝑃ℎ 2 𝑉𝑐
√( ) +( ) < Φ ( + 0.66√𝑓 ′𝑐)
𝑏𝑤𝑑 1.7𝐴2 𝑜ℎ 𝑏𝑤𝑑

525.37 2 (13.9)(1540) 2
√( ) +( )
(350)(600) 1.7(132,600)2

180.4084
< (0.75) ( + 0.66√32)
(350)(600)
0.001561621907 < 2.800864102 ∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞
3.) Required Area of Transverse Torsional Reinforcements
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
Tu 41.13
Tn = ( ) = ( ) = 54.84 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Φ 0.75
2 (Ao)(At)(fyt)
Tn = ( ) cot(𝜃)
S
2 (112,710)(At)(280)
54.84 = ( ) cot(45)
S
𝐴𝑡
= 0.9322
𝑆
4.) Additional Longitudinal Reinforcements to Resist Torsion
𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡
Al = 𝑃ℎ ( ) cot 2 (𝜃)
𝑆 fy
280
Al = (0.9322)(1540) ( ) cot 2 (45)
420
Al = 805.728
5.) Number of Bars
 Al 805.728
N= = π = 1.002 ≈ 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬
Ab (32) 2
4

Lagyan nalang ng table kagaya sa TYPE 1 MANUSCRIPT

Summary of Beam Design

Beam Dimension 650x450 mm
Diameter of Rebar 28 mm
Number of Bars Spacing

Positive 6 pcs Spaced at 150

Endspan mm using 10mm

Negative 6 pcs ⌀ four-legged

stirrups
Number of Bars Spacing

Positive 4 pcs Spaced at 150

Midspan mm using 10mm

Negative 4 pcs ⌀ four-legged

stirrups
Torsion Reinforcements
Spaced at 40
Midspan 2 pcs millimeter on
center
Spaced at 40
Endspan 2 pcs millimeter on
center
 DESIGN OF
COLUMN FOR
TYPE III
CONDOMINIUM
Column Design

Design Parameters
ρ 0.01
L 700 mm
W 700 mm
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Mu 974.97 kN − m
Vu 426.18 kN
d 590 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of ties 10 mm
Number of Legs 3

𝑃𝑢 = 6196.23𝑘𝑁

As = ρAg

Ag = 700 × 700 = 490000 mm2

As = 0.01(490000) = 4900 mm2

Po = 0.85f ′ c(Ag − Ast) + Astfy

Po = (0.85)(32)(490000 − 4900) + 4900(420)
Po = 15,262.9378 kN
Pn = 0.80Po = 0.80(15,262.9378 ) = 12,210.3503 kN
ϕPn = 0.65(12,210.3503) = 7936.7277 kN
𝐏𝐮 < 𝚽𝐏𝐧, Safe

Number of Bar
 4900
N=π = 7.9577 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
(28)2
4

Maximum Spacing of Ties:

a. 16db = 16(28) = 440 mm
b. 48dt = 48(10) = 480 mm
𝑐. 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 700𝑚𝑚

𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐒𝐭 = 𝟒𝟒𝟖 𝐦𝐦 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒𝟒𝟎 (𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐞)

Maximum Spacing of Column End Hoop:

1 1
a. of Least column dimension = (650) = 162.5 ≈ 160 mm
4 4
b. 6db = 6(28) = 168 ≈ 160 mm
c. 100
∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Additional Bars for Moment

Effective depth, d:
d = W − concrete cover − ⌀ of ties − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar
= 700 − 40 − 10 − 14 14
d = 636 mm

𝐌𝐮𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝐑𝐧 =
(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝐛𝐰𝐝𝟐
974.97x106
Rn = = 5.2974
(0.65)(700)(636)2

Steel Ratio

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′ 𝐜 𝟐𝐑𝐧
𝛒= (𝟏 − √𝟏 − )
𝐟𝐲 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝐟 ′𝐜
 0.85(32) 2(5.2974)
ρ= (1 − √1 − )
420 0.85(32)

ρ = 0.0142
Area of Steel
Ast
ρ=
bd
As = (0.0142 ) x (700) x (636)
As = 6321.84 mm2
Number of Bars
As
N=
Ab
6321.84
N= π
(28)2
4
N = 10.2669 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Total Number of Bars

N = 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
For equal distribution of bars, use 𝟐𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Reinforcement Limits
π
As = (db)2 (N)
4
π
As = (28)2 (24) = 14,778.0518 mm2
4
Asmin = (0.01Ag) = (0.01(490000)) = 4900 mm2
Asmax = (0.08Ag) = (0.08(490000)) = 39,200 mm2
𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝑨𝒔 < 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙, Adequate

Shear Reinforcements
Vu = 426.18 kN
Vu < Φ(Vc + Vs)
Vc = 0.17√f′cbwd = 0.17√32(700)(636) = 428.1334 kN
π π
Av = (dt)2 (No. of legs) = (10)2 (3) = 235.62 mm2
4 4
 Av fytd 235.62(280)(636)
VS = = = 419.5921 kN
S (hoop spacing) 100
ΦVn = 0.75 (Vc + Vs) = 0.75(428.1334 + 419.5921) = 635.7931 kN

𝐕𝐮 < 𝚽𝐕𝐧, adequate

Summary of Column Design

Column Dimension 700x700 mm
Diameter of Rebar 28 mm
No. of Bars 24 pcs.
Spacing of Ties 440 mm
Spacing of End Hoops 100 mm
DESIGN OF MAT
FOOTING FOR
TYPE III
BUILDING
DESIGN
Design of Mat Footing for Type III Building
Pu in all Columns (Kn)
𝑷𝒖𝑨 3956.4 𝑷𝒖𝒀 5742.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒘 4675.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒖 6089
𝑷𝒖𝑩 5072.5 𝑷𝒖𝒁 3396.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒙 5021.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒗 6126.6
𝑷𝒖𝑪 5185.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒂 5847.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒚 3836.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒘 3439.1
𝑷𝒖𝑫 5181 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒃 6289 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒛 3928.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒙 3749.8
𝑷𝒖𝑬 3924.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒄 3569.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒂 6321.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒚 3785.6
𝑷𝒖𝑭 3815.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒅 3819.9 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒃 5934.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒛 3547.2
𝑷𝒖𝑮 4999.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒆 3792.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒄 3781.8 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒂 6216.8
𝑷𝒖𝑯 4572.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒇 3469.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒅 6020 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒃 6208.7
𝑷𝒖𝑰 2939.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒈 6177.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒆 5030.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒄 3723.1
𝑷𝒖𝑱 3122 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒉 6259.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒇 3033.1 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒅 5923.1
𝑷𝒖𝑲 3018.3 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒊 4982.4 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒈 3132.8 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒆 4812.3
𝑷𝒖𝑳 4713.9 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒋 3562.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒉 4962.9 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒇 3539.9
𝑷𝒖𝑴 5785 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒌 3562.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒊 6121 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒈 3547.5
𝑷𝒖𝑵 3640.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒍 4942.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒋 6038.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒉 2950.2
𝑷𝒖𝑶 6079.6 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒎 5901.1 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒌 3417.9 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒊 4498.1
𝑷𝒖𝑷 6143.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒏 3711.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒍 3955.6 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒋 4927.5
𝑷𝒖𝑸 3552.7 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒐 5820.7 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒎 4001.9 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒌 3913
𝑷𝒖𝑹 3975 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒑 6062.5 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒏 3569 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒍 3921.5
𝑷𝒖𝑺 3922.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒒 3946.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒐 6200.7 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒎 4958.9
𝑷𝒖𝑻 3395.5 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒓 3964.8 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒑 5713 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒏 5077.5
𝑷𝒖𝑼 6003.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒔 4968.3 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒒 3311.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒐 4968.1
𝑷𝒖𝑽 5956.4 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒕 4622.6 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒓 5600.2 𝑷𝒖𝑪𝒑 3884.6
𝑷𝒖𝑾 3878.1 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒖 3885.2 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒔 4788.4
𝑷𝒖𝑿 4885.8 𝑷𝒖𝑨𝒗 3856.8 𝑷𝒖𝑩𝒕 3906.9
 Design Parameters
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, 𝒒𝒂 242 kPa
f’c 32 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Φ 0.75
Depth of Soil, 𝑯𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 6m
Concrete Cover 75 mm
Total Pressure 431, 982.9 kN

Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 1)

Determine the sum of column strips
 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
A to I 39,647.30 kN
J to K 6,140.30 kN
L to W 57,045.60 kN
X to Ai 58,231.20 kN
Aj to Ak 19,412.80 kN
Al to Au 47,825.40 kN
Maximum Column Strip 58,231.20 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
A,L,X,Al 18498.7 kN
B,M,Y,Am 22500.9 kN
N,Z,An 10748.5 kN
C,O,Aa,Ao 17113 kN
D,P,Ab,Ap 23675.9 kN
 Q,Ac 7122.3 kN
E,J,R,Ad,Aj,Aq 22350.5 kN
F,K,S,Ae,Ak,Ar 22075.9 kN
T,Af 6864.6 kN
G,U,Ag,As 22147.8 kN
H,V,Ah,At 21410.9 kN
I,W,Ai,Au 3885.2 kN
Maximum Column Strip 23675.9 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 431982.9 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 219.1056 kN/m3
(49.77 x 19.15) + (21.45 x 2.45) + (49.77 x 19.15)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
2.8 3.5
Tributary width = + = 3.1505 m
2 2
PT = (219.1056)(3.1505)(49.77) = 34, 321.3275 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
34,321.3275 + 58,231.20
Average load = = 46,276.2638 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
46,276.2638
q mod = (219.1056) ( ) = 295.4253 kN/m3
34,321.3275
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
46,276.2638
F= = 0.7947
58,231.20
Factored Loads on Column
Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu X 4885.8 3882.739312
Pu Y 5742.3 4563.398819
Pu Z 3396.4 2699.114945
Pu Aa 5847.9 4647.31901
Pu Ab 6289 4997.860643
Pu Ac 3569.6 2836.756774
Pu Ad 3819.9 3035.669879
Pu Ae 3792.4 3013.815663
Pu Af 3469.1 2756.889546
Pu Ag 6177.3 4909.092789
Pu Ah 6259.1 4974.09915
Pu Ai 4982.4 3959.507214
Sum of Pu 46276.26375

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

0 0
Pu X 3882.739312
4.57 20854.7326
Pu Y 4563.398819
10.87 29339.37945
Pu Z 2699.114945
14.02 65155.41253
Pu Aa 4647.31901
17.17 85813.26725
Pu Ab 4997.860643
 21.52 61047.00578
Pu Ac 2836.756774
24.67 74889.97592
Pu Ad 3035.669879
27.82 83844.35174
Pu Ae 3013.815663
34.12 94065.07133
Pu Af 2756.889546
37.27 182961.8883
Pu Ag 4909.092789
40.42 201053.0876
Pu Ah 4974.09915
Pu Ai 3959.507214 46.72 184988.177
Sum 46276.26375 - 1084012.35

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(46276.26375)(𝑥) = 1084012.35
𝑥 = 23.4248 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 46.72 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m

𝐿 46.72
= = 23.36 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = 0.06480273462 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 − e = 1.4352 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 + e = 1.5648 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
6289 kN. Therefore, U = 6289 kN or 6.289 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
 d d d
6.289 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
6.289 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.289 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.289 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.6028m ≈ 0.610 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.610 + 0.075 + 0.025 = 0.71 ≈ 0.750 m

Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 5,280 kN-m, was

obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored loads

on Type II Building for Short Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment

5,280.00
M ′ =. = 1675.9259 kN − m/m
3.15
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
1675.9259 x106
Rn = = 5.004
(0.9)(1000)(610)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c
 0.85(48) 2(5.004)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0128
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.0128

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.0128)(1000)(610) = 7808 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
7808
n=π = 15.9063 say 16 bars every 1m strip
(25)2
4
Total number of Bars = (16 bars )(19.15 m) = 306.4, say 307 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
19150 − 2(75)
s= = 61.8893 ≈ 60 mm
307
Therefore, use 16-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 60mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 431982.9 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 219.1056 kN/m3
(49.77 x 19.15) + (21.45 x 2.45) + (49.77 x 19.15)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
3.15 6.3
Tributary width = + = 4.725 m
2 2
PT = (219.1056)(4.725)(19.15) = 19,773.7324 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
19773.73244 + 23, 675.9
Average load = = 21,724.8162 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
21,724.8162
q mod = (219.1056) ( ) = 240.7249 kN/m3
19,773.7324
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
21, 724.8162
F= = 0.9176
23, 675.9
Factored Load on Columns
Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu D 5181 4754.044106
 Pu P 6143.4 5637.134638
Pu Ab 6289 5770.736032
Pu Ap 6062.5 5562.901446
Sum of Pu 21724.81622

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu D 4754.044106 0 0
Pu P 5637.134638 6.3 35513.94822
Pu Ab 5770.736032 9.8 56553.21311
Pu Ap 5562.901446 16.1 89562.71328
Sum 21724.81622 - 181629.8746

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(21724.81622)(𝑥) = 181629.8746
𝑥 = 8.3605 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 16.1 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m

𝐿 16.1
= = 8.05 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = 0.3104792215 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 − e = 1.1895 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 + e = 1.8105 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
6289 kN. Therefore, U = 6289 kN or 6.289 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
 d d d
6.289 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
6.289 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.289 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.289 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.6028m ≈ 0.610 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.610 + 0.075 + 0.025 = 0.71 ≈ 0.750 m

Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 2363.6526 kN-m,

was obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored

loads on Type III Building for Long Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment

2363.6526
M ′ =. = 500.2439 kN − m/m
4.725
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
500.2439 x106
Rn = = 1.4938
(0.9)(1000)(610)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c
 0.85(48) 2(1.4938)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.0036
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use ρ = 0.0036

Solving for Area of Steel
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0036)(1000)(610) = 2196 𝑚𝑚2
Solving for Number of Bars
𝐴𝑠
𝑛=
𝐴𝑏
2196
𝑛=𝜋 = 4.4737 say 5 bars every 1m strip
(25)2
4
Total number of Bars = (5 bars )(49.77 m) = 248.85, say 249 bars for short

direction.

Solve for Spacing

𝐿 − 2(𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟)
𝑠=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑠
49770 − 2(75)
𝑠= = 199.2771 ≈ 190 𝑚𝑚
249
Therefore, use 5-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 190mm

Computation of Mat Foundation (MF - 3)

Determine the sum of column strips
 Long Direction
Sum of Column Strips
Av to Be 48,407.00 kN
Bf to Bg 6,165.90 kN
Bh to Bs 57,680 kN
Bt to Ce 57,528.20 kN
Cf to Cg 7,087.40 kN
Ch to Cp 39,099.40 kN
Maximum Column Strip 57,680 kN

 Short Direction
Summary of Column Strips
Av, Bh, Bt, Ch 15676.8 kN
Aw, Bi, Bu, Ci 21383.6 kN
Ax, Bj, Bv, Cj 22113.9 kN
Bk, Bw 6857 kN
Ay, Bf, Bl, Bx, Cf, Ck 22028 kN
Az,Bg,Bm,By,Cg,Cl 22318.2 kN
Bn, Bz 7116.2 kN
Ba,Bo,Ca,Cm 23697.8 kN
Bb,Bp,Cb,Cn 22933.4 kN
Bc,Bq,Cc 10816.1 kN
Bd, Br,Cd,Co 22511.4 kN
Be,Bs,Ce,Cp 18515.5 kN
Maximum Column Strip 23697.8 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 431982.9 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 219.1056 kN/m3
(49.77 x 19.15) + (21.45 x 2.45) + (49.77 x 19.15)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
3.1 3.5
Tributary width = + = 3.3 m
2 2
PT = (219.1056)(3.5)(49.72) = 35,949.9701 kN
Determine the Average Load
PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
35,949.9701 + 57,680
Average load = = 46,814.9850 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
46,814.9850
q mod = (219.1056) ( ) = 285.3250 kN/m3
35,949.9701
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
46,814.9850
F= = 0.8116
57,680
Factored Loads on Column
Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Bh 4962.9 4028.052865
Pu Bi 6121 4968.004914
Pu Bj 6038.2 4900.80171
Pu Bk 3417.9 2774.080051
 Pu Bl 3955.6 3210.495056
Pu Bm 4001.9 3248.073658
Pu Bn 3569 2896.717781
Pu Bo 6200.7 5032.692055
Pu Bp 5713 4636.858695
Pu Bq 3311.2 2687.478822
Pu Br 5600.2 4545.306505
Pu Bs 4788.4 3886.422926
Sum of Pu 46814.98504

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu Bh 4028.052865 0 0
Pu Bi 4968.004914 4.57 22703.78245
Pu Bj 4900.80171 10.87 53271.71459
Pu Bk 2774.080051 14.02 38892.60232
Pu Bl 3210.495056 17.17 55124.20011
Pu Bm 3248.073658 21.52 69898.54513
Pu Bn 2896.717781 24.67 71462.02765
Pu Bo 5032.692055 27.82 140009.493
Pu Bp 4636.858695 34.12 158209.6187
Pu Bq 2687.478822 37.27 100162.3357
Pu Br 4545.306505 40.42 183721.2889
Pu Bs 3886.422926 46.72 181573.6791
Sum 46814.98504 - 1075029.288

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(46814.98504)(𝑥) = 1075029.288
𝑥 = 22.9634 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 46.72 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m
 𝐿 46.72
= = 23.36 𝑚 < 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = −0.3966414355 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 + e = 1.8966 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 − e = 1.1034 𝐦
Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation
The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
6200.7 kN. Therefore, U = 6200.7 kN or 6.2007 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
6.2007 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
6.2007 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.2007 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.2007 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.5970 m ≈ 0.600 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.600 + 0.075 + 0.025 = 0.700 m
Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 3044.61 kN-m, was

obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored loads

on Type III Building for Long Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment
3,044.61
M ′ =. = 922.6101 kN − m/m
3.3
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
922.6101 x106
Rn = = 2.8476
(0.9)(1000)(600)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(2.8476)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.00703
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝜌 = 0.00703

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.00703)(1000)(600) = 4218 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
 4218
n=π = 8.5928 say 9 bars
(25)2
4
Total number of Bars = (9 bars )(19.15 m) = 172.35, say 173 bars for long

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
19150 − 2(75)
s= = 109.8266 ≈ 100 mm
173
Therefore, use 9-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 100mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 431982.9 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation
Sum of Column Loads
qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
431,982.9
qT = = 219.1056 kN/m3
(49.77 x 19.15) + (21.45 x 2.45) + (49.77 x 19.15)
Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
3.15 6.3
Tributary width = + = 4.725 m
2 2
PT = (219.1056)(4.725)(19.1) = 19,773.7324 kN

Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip
Average load =
2
19773.73244 + 23697.8
Average load = = 21735.7662 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip
 Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
21,735.76622
q mod = (219.1056) ( ) = 240.8462 kN/m3
19,773.7324
Column Load Factor
Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
21,735.76622
F= = 0.9176
23697.8
Factored Load on Columns
Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Ba 6321.4 5798.026508
Pu Bo 6200.7 5687.319735
Pu Ca 6216.8 5702.086753
Pu Cm 4958.9 4548.333226
Sum of Pu 21735.76622

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn

Pu Ba 5798.026508 0 0
Pu Bo 5687.319735 6.3 35830.11433
Pu Ca 5702.086753 9.8 55880.45018
Pu Cm 4548.333226 16.1 73228.16493
Sum 21735.76622 - 164938.7294

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥𝑛 )
(21724.81622)(𝑥) = 181629.8746
𝑥 = 7.5884 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 16.1 m
Additional offset distance, = 3 m
 𝐿 16.1
= = 8.05 𝑚 > 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥 − = −0.4616441189 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 1.5 + e = 1.9616 𝐦
Right side = 1.5 − e = 1.0384 𝐦

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
6321.4 kN. Therefore, U = 6321.4 kN or 6.3214 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
6.3214 = (2(( + 0.7 + ) + ( + 0.7
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
6.3214 = (2(d + 0.7 + d + 0.7))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.3214 = (2(2d + 1.4))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
6.3214 = (4d + 2.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.6049 m ≈ 0.610 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Slab

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 25 mm in diameter

h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar

h = 0.610 + 0.075 + 0.025 = 0.71 ≈ 0.750 m
Determination of Reinforcements
The maximum positive moment, calculated as Mu = 2309.351 kN-m,

was obtained from the shear and moment diagram by applying the factored

loads on Type III Building for Short Direction.

Nominal Maximum Moment
2309.351
M ′ =. = 488.7515 kN − m/m
4.725
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
488.7515 x106
Rn = = 1.4594
(0.9)(1000)(610)2

0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(1.4594)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.00354
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

ρmax ρmax
0.85f ′ c 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( ) = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use ρ = 0.00354

Solving for Area of Steel
As = ρbd
As = (0.00354)(1000)(610) = 2159.4 mm2
Solving for Number of Bars
As
n=
Ab
 2159.4
n=π = 4.3991 say 5 bars every 1m strip
(25)2
4
Total number of Bars = (5 bars )(49.77 m) = 248.85, say 249 bars for short

direction.

Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
49770 − 2(75)
s= = 199.2771 ≈ 190 mm
249
Therefore, use 5-25mm ∅ bars spaced at 190mm
Summary of Mat Footing Design 1
Use 49.77 x 19.15 m mat foundation with a total depth of 750 mm
With 16-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 60 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal
(along x)

Summary of Mat Footing Design 2

Adopt rebar design from Mat Footing Design 3
Use 21.5 x 2.45 m mat foundation with a total depth of 750 mm
With 9-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 100 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal
(along x)

Summary of Mat Footing Design 3

Use 49.77 x 19.15 m mat foundation with a total depth of 750 mm
With 9-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 100 mm for transverse (y)
With 5-25mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 190 mm for longitudinal (x)
.
 DESIGN OF
MULTI-PURPOSE
HALL
Inspection of Top Chord
𝐖𝟏𝟓𝟎𝐱𝟏𝟖
𝐀 = 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Axial Force = 𝟐𝟒𝟗. 𝟕 𝐤𝐍

Note: values are obtained from the Midas software analysis

249.7
Pn = = 277.4444 kN
0.90
Checking the Slenderness Ratio
Lb = 0.86 m = 860 mm
k = 1.0
r = 63.24 mm

kL 1.0x860
= = 13.5990
r 63.24

E 200,000
Fcr = 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 133.2189
fy 250
fy
13.5990 ≤ 133.2189 , therefore, Fcr = (0.658fe ) fy

π2 E
Fe = = 10,673.7386 Mpa
kLb 2
( r )
250
Fcr = (0.65810,673.7386 ) (250) = 247.5612 Mpa

critical axial load 277.444.4

Arequired = = = 1120.7104 mm2
Fcr 247.5612
Arequired ≤ Aused ; 1120 ≤ 2290 mm2
Bottom Chord
Try 𝐖𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐱 𝟐𝟗. 𝟖
A = 3790 mm2
Axial Load = 618.1 kN
 618.1
Pn = = 686.7778
0.90
To prevent yielding
686.7778
Agrequired = = 3052.3458 mm2
0.90(250)
3052.3458 ≤ 3790 mm2 , okay!
To avoid fracture
686.7778
= 3662.8149 mm2
0.75(250)
3662.8149 ≤ 3790, okay!
Web Member/ Bracing
Pu = 336.84
336.84
Pn = = 374.2667
0.90
W150 x 13.5
A= 1740 mm
R = 23.04 mm

Lb = 1.1424 m = 1142.4 mm
K = 1.0
klb (1)(1142.4)
= = 49.5833
r 23.04

klb E
≤ 4.71√
r fy
fy
Fcr = (0.658fe ) (fy)

π2 (200,000)
Fe = = 802.8952
(49.5833)2
250
Fcr = (0.658802.8952) (250) = 219.4525 Mpa

374.2667x1000
Areq = = 1705.4565 mm2
219.4525
102. 9021 ≤ 3390, okay!
Design of Base Plate
Length 600 mm h 289 mm
Width 600 mm w 265 mm

856.66
Pu = = 951.8444 kN
0.90
fp = 0.35f ′ c = 0.35(32) = 11.3 Mpa
951.8444
Arequired = = 84,986.0714 mm2
11.2
Arequired = 600x600 = 360,000 mm2
84,986.0714 ≤ 360, 000, okay!
Minimum Thickness
Wbase = 2m + 0.95d
600 = 2m + 0.95(133)
m = 162.725 = 163
Solving for N
2n + 0.80bf = Length
2n + 0.80(265) = 600
n = 194
Since m < n, use n = 194 mm

F 951.8444x103
Fp = = = 2.644
A (600x600)
Fp = 2.644 < 11. 2 Mpa
Therefore, use Fp = 2.644 Mpa

Fp 2.644
t = 2n √ = 2(194)√ = 40.063 mm ≈ 40 mm
Fy 248

Therefore, use a 600x600x40 mm base plate.

Design of Bolted Connection
Bolts (A325 Threaded)
Fy 248 Mpa
 Fu 415 Mpa
db 28 mm

Using P = 856.66 kN
Shear
Pu = 0.4Fy = 0.4(248) = 99.2 Mpa
π(28)2
856.66x103 = ( ) (n)(99.2)
4
𝐧 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟔 𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬
For Bearing
Pb = AbFb
Fb = 1.2 Fy = 1.2(415) = 498
856.66x103 = (28)(100)(498)(n)
𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐁𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐬
Therefore, adopt 18-28mm ∅ bolts for base plate.

Footing
Pu = 856.66 kN

Assume a 2.5x2.5 m footing

t = 500 mm
cl = 75 mm
∅ = 18 mm

Ultimate Soil Pressure

856.66
qu = = 137.0656 kPa
2.5 x 2.5
db
d = t − cc − db −
2
d = 500 − 75 − 16 − 8 = 398 mm
One Way Shear
 2500 600
− − 398 = x
2 2
x = 602
Vwb = 137.0656 x 0.398 x 2.5 = 598.99
∅Vc = 0.75x0.17x1√32(2500)(398) = 717.6427 kN
Vwb ≤ ∅Vc, okay
Check for Punching Shear
d2 = 500 − 75 − 9 = 416
398 + 416
dave = = 422
2
Vpu = qu x shaded area
Vpu = 137.0656[(2.5x2.5 − (0.6 + 0.422)(0.6 + 0.422)]
Vpu = 713.4972
Check Adequacy
Vc = Vcbod
Vc = 4(600 + 422) = 4088 mm
Check Limits
Note: The governing limit was calculated using the formula below. Presented
for further evaluation.
Vc = 0.33λ√𝐟′𝐜𝐛𝐝
∅Vc = 0.75(0.33(1)(√32(4088)(420)
∅Vc = 2415.3137
∅Vc > Vpu, adequate.

0.950
Mu = 342.664(0.950) ( )
2
Mu = 154.6271 kN − m
a
154.6271x106 = 0.9(0.85(32)(a)(2500)(422 − )
2
a = 6.0303 mm
6.0303
154.6271 = 0.9As(248) (422 − )
2
 As = 1653.4577 mm2
Check Limits
1.4
Asmin = (2500)(416) 32
248 Asmin = √ = 6016.1101 mm2
4(248)
= 5955. 6452 mm2

Therefore, use 6016.1101

6016.1101
N= π = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟒 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬
(18)2
4
Design of Pedestal
Pl = 856.66 kN
Pd = 18(9.81x10−3 ) = 0.18 kN
Pu = 1.2(0.18) + 1.6(856.66) = 1370.872 kN
ρ = 0.01
𝐀𝐬 = 𝛒𝐀𝐠

Solve for Column Dimension

Pu = 0.8∅(0.85f ′ c(Ag − As) + fyAg
1370.872 = 0.8(0.65(0.85(21)(Ag − 0.01Ag) + 248(0.01Ag))
Ag = 130823.6264 mm2
b2 = Ag
b = 400 mm
Agnew = 400x400 = 160,000 mm2
Ast = 0.02Agnew
Ast = 0.02(160,000) = 3200 mm2
Number of Bars
As 3200
N= =π = 5.20 say 6 bars
Ab (28)2
4
Maximum Ties
16db 448 mm
48dt 480 mm
Least Column Dimension 400 mm (governs)

Therefore, use 6-28mm 𝜙 main bars and 10 𝜙 stirrups.

Design of Anchor Bars
Fb = 0.6Fy = 0.6(248) = 148.8 Mpa
Using two anchor bolts on each side.
Tactual = AsFb
Pu = 89.77 kN
π
89.77 = (d)2 (148.8)(2)
4
d = 19.60 say 20 mm
Therefore, use 6-20 mm 𝜙 anchor bars
PARKING SLOTS COMPUTATION

Source: Implementing Rules and Regulations of the National Building Code of

the Philippines (PD 1096)

Private Vehicle and Motorcycle Parking Slots

1. Proposed Type I Socialized Condominium Building
Number of Building = 2
Number of Units per Building = 300 Units
Total Units = 600 Units

Number of Parking Slots = For Every 8 units, 1 pooled parking Slots

= 600 Units / 8 Units = 75 Parking Slots
= 75 Parking Slots / Number of Building = 75 / 2 = 37.5
= 38 Parking Slots

2. Proposed Type II Socialized Condominium Building

Number of Building = 1
Number of Units per Building = 240 Units
Total Units = 240 Units

Number of Parking Slots = For Every 8 units, 1 pooled parking Slots

= 240 Units / 8 Units
= 30 Parking Slots
3. Proposed Type III Socialized Condominium Building
Number of Building = 1
Number of Units per Building = 160 Units
Total Units = 160 Units

Number of Parking Slots = For Every 8 units, 1 pooled parking Slots

= 160Units / 8 Units
= 20 Parking Slots

Motorcycle Parking
Accessible Parking Slot

Source: BP 344 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) Amendments

Minimum Requirements for Accessibility

Number of Parking Slot for Type I Socialized Condominium Building = 38

Parking Slots
Therefore, provide 2 accessible parking slots
Total Number of Parking Slots = (38 + 2)(2) = 80 Parking Slots

Number of Parking Slot for Type II Socialized Condominium Building = 30

Parking Slots
Therefore, provide 2 accessible parking slots
Total Number of Parking Slots = 30 + 2 = 32 Parking Slots

Number of Parking Slot for Type III Socialized Condominium Building = 20

Parking Slots
Therefore, provide 2 accessible parking slots
Total Number of Parking Slots = 20 + 2 = 22 Parking Slots
COMPUTATION FOR WATER PUMP
From Cistern Tank to Overhead Tank.
Water Table 1.5 m
Height of the Building 36 m
Height of Water Tank 5m

20,000 L
Q= = 333.3333
60 min min
Q = 5.55x10−3 m3 /s
10.29n2 LQ2
hf = 16
D3
Total Head Loss
𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕)𝟐 (𝟑𝟔)(𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑)
𝟏𝟔 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 = 𝟕. 𝟏 𝒎
(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟓) 𝟑
Determine the Static Head
HA = Z2 + HL1 TO 2 − Z1
HA = 36.7 + 7.1 − (−1.5) = 45.3 m
Hydraulic horsepower
QγE
hp =
746

(5.55x10−3 )(9810)(45.3)
hp = = 3.3094 hp
746

At 90% Effective
3.3094
PInput = = 3.67 hp say 4 hp
0.90
Therefore, use a 4-horsepower water pump.
From Cistern Tank to Public Restroom
Water Table 1.5 m
Height of Urinals 0.54 m

55 m3
Q= = 0.9167
60 min min
Q = 0.0153 m3 /s
10.29n2 LQ2
hf = 16
D3
Total Head Loss
𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟓𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟑)
𝟏𝟔 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟑𝐱𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎
(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟓) 𝟑
Determine the Static Head
HA = Z2 + HL1 TO 2 − Z1
HA = 0.54 + 5.7833x10−6 − (−1.5) = 2.04 m
Hydraulic horsepower
QγE
hp =
746

(0.0153)(9810)(2.04)
hp = = 0.4104 hp
746

At 90% Effective
0.4104
PInput = = 0.456 hp say 1 hp
0.90
Therefore, use a 1 horsepower water pump.
COMPUTATION OF CISTERN TANK

Source: DPWH Design Guidelines, Criteria & Standards, Volume 6, Section 6.6.1

Overhead Tank Capacity = 20,000 L

Sizing of Cistern Tank = 2.5(20,000) = 50,000 L

Cubic Design
V = 50,000 L / 1000 m3 = 50 m3

3
√50 = 3.684 m = 3.7 m
Cistern Tank Dimensions
L = 3.7 m
W = 3.7 m
H = 3.7 m

COMPUTATION OF RAINWATER CISTERN TANK

For every 15 𝑚2 , required to have a 0.50 𝑚3 volume of cistern tank (rule
of thumb)

Type I Building

Catchment Area / Roof Area = 1237.9775 𝑚2

1237.9775
Required Volume = 15 = 41.2659 𝑚3
0.50
Cubic Design
3
√41.2659 = 3.4557 m = 3.5 m
Rainwater Cistern Tank Dimensions
L = 3.5 m
W = 3.5 m
H = 3.5 m

Type II Building

Catchment Area / Roof Area = 1234.9081 𝑚2

 1234.9081
Required Volume = 15 = 41.1636 𝑚3
0.50
Cubic Design
3
√41.1636 = 3.4528 m = 3.5 m
Rainwater Cistern Tank Dimensions
L = 3.5 m
W = 3.5 m
H = 3.5 m

Type III Building

Catchment Area / Roof Area = 1627.234 𝑚2

1627.234
Required Volume = 15 = 54.2411 𝑚3
0.50
Cubic Design
3
√54.2411 = 3.7854 m = 3.8 m
Rainwater Cistern Tank Dimensions
L = 3.8 m
W = 3.8 m
H = 3.8 m
 Included in the design process is the consideration of green areas since
green areas contribute to controlling storm water surfaces and natural cooling
for the building surroundings.

Open Spaces on the Project’s Facilities

Road Area 7425.6 m2
Type I Building 1176 m2
Type II Building 1294.776m2
Type III Building 1644.544m2
Multipurpose 819 m2
Others 765.83 m2
Total Area 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓. 𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝟐
Total Site Area 29769 m2
Open Area 16643.25 m2
Percentage of Open Space (Open
55.91 or 56%
Space/ Total Site Area)

Therefore, the percentage of open space is 56% which complied with

the minimum requirement of the Philippine Green Building Code.