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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2 – Module 6b (Week 4):
CIRCLES

Self-Learning Module
 Introduction of the Lesson

According to [Link] “the study of circle goes back beyond the

recorded history. The invention of the wheel is a fundamental discovery of properties of a
circle. The Greeks considered the Egyptians as the inventors of geometry.” This module
discusses on Circles. We will be studying about the different terms such as chords, arcs, central
angles, inscribed angles, tangent and secant lines and segments that are related to circles.
Different Theorems related to circles are discussed too. Hope you will enjoy learning about
circles. If you meet some difficulties, please do not hesitate to go back, and read again.

You are expected to learn

This module is created for you to:

1. Prove theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles
2. Illustrate tangents and secants of circles
3. Prove theorems on secants and tangents of circles

LESSON 2

INSCRIBED ANGLES AND INTERCEPTED ARCS

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 To know how to get the measure of the inscribed angle, an activity is given for you to
explore and discover.

Proof of the Inscribed Angle Theorem

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 Let us apply.

Example

Examples:

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Solutions

1
1. 𝑎0 = (1160 )
2
= 580

2. Since, 𝑥 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 0 intercepts the same arc. So, 𝑥 0 = 𝑦 0 = 720

3. Opposite angles of an inscribed quadrilateral are supplementary,

𝑐 0 = 1800 − 1000 = 800
𝑏 0 = 1800 − 960 = 840 .
Intercepted arc of 1000 is 990 + 𝑎0
2 ∙ 1000 = 990 + 𝑎0 .
𝑎0 = 1010 .
Intercepted arc of 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑎0 + 𝑑0
0

2 ∙ 840 = 1010 + 𝑑0
𝑑0 = 670
Therefore, 𝑎 = 101 , 𝑏 = 840 , 𝑐 0 = 800 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑0 = 670
0 0 0

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 LESSON 3

ANGLES FORMED BY SECANTS AND

TANGENTS

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 Proof:

Statement Reason
̅̅̅̅
1. 𝑀𝑆 ≅ 𝐿𝑆 ̅̅̅ 1. Radii of the same circle are congruent
2. 𝐸𝐿 ̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐿𝑆 𝐸𝑀 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑆 2. A line tangent to a circle is perpendicular
to the radius.
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆 3. Reflexive Property
4. ∆𝐸𝑆𝑀 ≅ ∆𝐸𝑆𝐿 4. Hypotenuse-Leg Congruence
5. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑀 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐿 5. CPCTC

Examples

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Solutions:

1. The angle formed by radius and a tangent line is a right angle.

Sum of the angles of a triangle is 𝑥 0 + 900 + 430 = 1800
𝑥 0 = 1800 − 1330
𝑥 0 = 470

2.
𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐹 = 10 𝑐𝑚 The two-segment tangent to a circle
𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝐸 = 15 𝑐𝑚 from a point outside the circle are
CF= 𝐶𝐸 = 8 𝑐𝑚 congruent.

𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐶𝐴 Definition of perimeter 𝑷
= 𝐴𝐷 + 𝐷𝐵 + 𝐵𝐸 + 𝐸𝐶 + 𝐶𝐹 + 𝐹𝐴 Segment Addition Postulate
= 10 + 15 + 15 + 8 + 8 + 10 Substitute.
= 66
The perimeter is 66 cm.

3. Use Pythagorean Theorem.

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑐 2 = 62 + 82
𝑐 2 = 100
𝑐 = 10

SECANT LINE IN A CIRCLE

A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains a
chord of a circle.

CLASSIFICATION OF ANGLES WITH CIRCLES

There are three cases to consider, according to the placement of the vertex of the
angles.

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Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Secants

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Proof:
Statement Reason
̂ 1. The measure of a central angle is equal to
1. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑂𝑃 = 𝑚𝑀𝑃
the measure of its intercepted arc.
2. The sum of the measures of
2. 𝑚 < 𝑁𝑀𝑃 + 𝑚 < 𝑂𝑃𝑀 = 90
complementary angles is 90.
3. 𝑚 < 𝑂𝑀𝑃 + 𝑚 < 𝑂𝑃𝑀 + 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑂𝑃 = 3. The sum of the measures of a triangle is
180 180.
4. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑂𝑃 = 2𝑥 4. Addition Property
̂ = 2𝑥
5. 𝑚𝑀𝑃 5. Transitive Property
̂ = 2(𝑚 < 𝑁𝑀𝑃)
6. 𝑚𝑀𝑃 6. Substitution
1
̂)
7. 𝑚 < 𝑁𝑀𝑃 = 2 (𝑚𝑀𝑃 7. Multiplication Property
̂ + 𝑚𝑀𝐾𝑃
8. 𝑚𝑀𝑃 ̂ = 360 8. The degree measure of a circle is 360.
̂ = 360 − 2𝑥
9. 𝑚𝑀𝐾𝑃 9. By substitution and Subtraction
̂ = 2(180 − 𝑥)
10. 𝑚𝑀𝐾𝑃 10. By Factoring
11. 𝑚 < 𝐿𝑀𝑃 = 90 + 90 − 𝑥 or
11. Angle Addition Postulate
𝑚 < 𝐿𝑀𝑃 = 180 − 𝑥
̂ = 2(𝑚 < 𝐿𝑀𝑃)
12. 𝑚𝑀𝐾𝑃 12. Substitution
1 13. Multiplication Property
̂)
13. 𝑚 < 𝐿𝑀𝑃 = (𝑚𝑀𝐾𝑃
2

Proof for Theorem 2.

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 Proof:
Statement Reason
The measure of the exterior angle of a
1. 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 𝑚 < 𝐷𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐶𝐸 triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles.
1
̂ ) and
2. 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 2 (𝑚𝐴𝐸 The measure of an inscribed angle is one-
1 half of the measure of its intercepted arc.
𝑚 < 𝐷𝐴𝐵 = (𝑚𝐵𝐷 ̂)
2
1 1 By Substitution
̂ ) − (𝑚𝐵𝐷
3. 2 (𝑚𝐴𝐸 ̂ ) = 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐷𝐸 − 𝑚 <
2
𝐷𝐴𝐵
4. 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐷𝐸 − 𝑚 < 𝐷𝐴𝐶 = 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐶𝐸 Addition Property
1
̂ ) − 1 (𝑚𝐵𝐷
5. 𝑚 < 𝐴𝐶𝐸 = 2 (𝑚𝐴𝐸 ̂ ) or
2 Transitive Property
1
𝑚 < 𝐴𝐶𝐸 = |𝑚𝐴𝐸̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐷 ̂|
2

Proof for Theorem 3.

Proof:
Statement Reason
1 1. The measure of an inscribed angle is
1. 𝑚 < 𝑁𝑀𝐾 = ̂)
(𝑚𝑁𝑃𝐾
2
one-half the measure of its intercepted
arc.
2. 𝑚 < 𝑁𝑀𝐾 = 𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿 + 𝑚 < 𝑁𝐿𝐾 2. The measure of the exterior angle of
a triangle is equal to the sum of the
measure of its remote interior angles.
̂
3. 𝑚 < 𝐾𝑂𝑀 = 𝑚 < 𝐾𝑀 3. The measure of a central angle is
equal to the measure of its intercepted
arc.
4. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿 + 𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝑂 = 90 4. The sum of the measures of
complementary angle is 90.
5.𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿 + 𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝑂 + 𝑚 < 𝐾𝑂𝑀 = 180 5. The sum of the measures of the
interior angle of a triangle is 180.
6. 𝑚 < 𝐾𝑂𝑀 = 2𝑥 6. Addition Property
̂ = 2𝑥
7. 𝑚𝐾𝑀 7. Transitive Property
̂ or
8. 2(𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿) − 𝑚𝐾𝑀 8. Multiplication Property
1
𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿 = (𝑚𝐾𝑀 ̂)
2
1 1 9. By Substitution
̂ ) − (𝑚𝐾𝑀
9. 2 (𝑚𝑁𝑃𝐾 ̂ ) = 𝑚 < 𝑁𝑀𝐾 − 𝑚 <
2
𝑀𝐾𝐿
= 𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿 + 𝑚 < 𝑁𝐿𝐾 − 𝑚 < 𝑀𝐾𝐿
= 𝑚 < 𝑁𝐿𝐾
1 10. By Substitution
̂ − 𝑚𝐾𝑀
10. 𝑚 < 𝑁𝐿𝐾 = 2 |𝑚𝑃𝐾 ̂|

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 Proof:
Statement Reason
1. ∆𝑆𝑉𝑅 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑉𝑇 Proven
2. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑉𝑆 + 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑉 = 90 and Acute angles of a right triangle are
𝑚 < 𝑇𝑉𝑆 + 𝑚 < 𝑆𝑇𝑉 = 90 complementary.
3. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑉𝑆 + 𝑚 < 𝑇𝑉𝑆 = 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑉𝑇 Angle Addition Postulate
4. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑉𝑇 = (90 − 𝑥) + (90 − 𝑥) Substitution
= 180 − 2𝑥
̂
5. 𝑚𝑇𝑅 = 180 − 2𝑥 The measure of a central angle is equal to
the measure of its intercepted arc.
̂ + 𝑚𝑇𝑅
6. 𝑚𝑇𝑄𝑅 ̂ = 360 The degree measure of a circle is 360.
̂ = 180 + 2𝑥
7. 𝑚𝑇𝑄𝑅 Substitution and Addition Property of
Equality
8. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑉 + 𝑚 < 𝑇𝑆𝑉 = 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑇 Angle Addition Postulate
8. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑉 + 𝑚 < 𝑇𝑆𝑉 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 By Substitution and Addition
= 2𝑥
9. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑇 = 2𝑥 Transitive Property
̂ − 𝑚𝑇𝑅
10. 𝑚𝑇𝑄𝑅 ̂ − (180 + 2𝑥) − By Substitution and Subtraction
(180 − 2𝑥)
= 2(2𝑥)
̂ − 𝑚𝑇𝑅
11. 𝑚𝑇𝑄𝑅 ̂ = 2(𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑇) By Substitution
1 Multiplication Property
̂ − 𝑚𝑇𝑅
12. 𝑚 < 𝑅𝑆𝑇 = |𝑚𝑇𝑄𝑅 ̂|
2

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 Proof:
Statement Reason
1
̂ ) and
1. 𝑚 < 𝑃𝑅𝑆 = 2 (𝑚𝑃𝑆 The measure of an inscribed angle is one-
1 half the measure of its intercepted arc.
̂)
𝑚 < 𝑄𝑆𝑅 = 2 (𝑚𝑄𝑅
The measure of the exterior angle of a
2. 𝑚 < 𝑄𝑇𝑅 = 𝑚 < 𝑃𝑅𝑆 + 𝑚 < 𝑄𝑆𝑅 triangle is equal to the sum of the measure
of its remote interior angles.
1
̂ + 𝑚𝑄𝑅
3. 𝑚 < 𝑄𝑇𝑅 = 2 (𝑚𝑃𝑆 ̂ ) or
1 Substitution
𝑚 < 𝑄𝑇𝑅 = |𝑚𝑃𝑆 ̂ + 𝑚𝑄𝑅
̂|
2
4. 𝑚 < 𝑄𝑇𝑅 = 𝑚 < 𝑃𝑇𝑆 The measures of vertical angles are equal.
1
̂ + 𝑚𝑄𝑅
5. 𝑚 < 𝑃𝑇𝑆 = |𝑚𝑃𝑆 ̂| Transitive Property.
2

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 Summary
1. An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex lies on a circle and whose sides are chords
of the circle.
2. Inscribed Angle Theorem The measure of an angle inscribed in a circle is equal to one-
half the meaure of the intercepted arc.
3. THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES
1. Any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.
2. Every two angles inscribed in the same arc are congruent.
3. The opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are supplementary.
4. A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and only one
point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the point of tangency.
5. THEOREMS ON TANGENT LINES
1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then the line is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
point of tangency.
2. If a line in the plane of a circle is perpendicular to a radius at its endpoint on the circle,
then the line is tangent to the circle.
3. The two segments tangent to a circle from a point outside the circle are congruent.
6. A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains a chord
of a circle.
7. Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Secants
1. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of each
angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
2. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the absolute value of the difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
3. If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the absolute value of the difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
4. If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
5. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an angle formed
is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical
angle.

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Try this
Lesson 6.2
A.
INSCRIBED ANGLE INTERCEPTED ARC
1. < 𝐶𝐴𝑇 ̂
𝐶𝑇
2.
3. < 𝑇𝐸𝑁 ̂
𝑇𝑁
B. Try this
1. 290 Lesson 6.3
2.
3. 1300 A.
4. 1. 𝑚 < 𝑃𝑀𝑂 = 750
5. 1800 2.
6. 3. 𝑚 < 𝑃𝑀𝑂 = 300
C. B.
1. 𝑚 < 1 = 1200 1. 𝑚 < 𝑆𝑇𝑈 = 350
2. 2.
3. 𝑚 < 3 = 600 3. 𝑚 < 2 = 500
D. C.
1. 𝑎0 = 540 , 𝑏 0 = 300 , 𝑐 0 = 960 1. 𝑚 < 𝑆𝑌𝑉 = 1280
2. 2.
3. 𝑎0 = 900 , 𝑏 0 = 1220 3. 𝑚 < 𝑆𝑉𝑌 = 740
D.
̂ = 1050
1. 𝑚𝐴𝐵
2.
3. 𝑚 < 𝐶𝑄𝐷 = 1050
4.
5. 𝑚 < 𝐶𝐴𝐹 = 1090
6.
 References:

[Link]
cle/Circle/[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Dan Kennedy, Ph D, et al, (2004) Prentice Hall Mathematics: Geometry, Pearson Education
South Asia Pte Limited

Merle S. Alferez, Alvin E. Lambino, (2007) MSA Academic Advancement Institute, MSA
Publishing House

James E. Schultz, et al, (2004) Holt Geometry, Holt, Rinehart and Winston

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: mandaue.city001@[Link]
Website: [Link]

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