SN KANSAGRA SCHOOL, RAJKOT
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Flower Morphology
S. Parts of a flower Conditions Technical term
No
INFLORESCENCE
the main axis continues
to grow, the flowers are Recemose
borne laterally.
Inflorescence
main axis terminates in a
flower, hence is limited Cymose
in growth.
STRUCTURE OF FLOWER
1 Flower with stalk. Pedicellate
Pedicel
Flower without stalk. Sessile
All whorls present. Complete
2 Flower whorls
Any whorl absent. Incomplete
Can be divided into
equal halve by more than Actinomorphic
one plane
Symmetry of flower
3 Can be divided into equal
Zygomorphic
halve by only one plane
Can’t be divided into
Asymmetric
equal
Both present Bisexual
4 Androecium and gynoecium
Any one present Unisexual
Below the ovary Hypogynous
5 Insertion of floral parts on thalamus. Around the ovary Epigynous
Above the ovary Perigynous
Bimerous, trimerous, tetramerous,
6 No of floral leaves in each whorl 2,3,4,5
pentamerous
1
SN KANSAGRA SCHOOL, RAJKOT
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FLOWER WHORLS
Are both calyx
and corolla YES NO
present?
If ‘YES’, follow these instructions.
CALYX
No of sepals Write the number present in given flower
Fused Gamosepalous
The sepals are:
free Polysepalous
Valvate
Twisted
Aestivation Imbricate
Quincuncial
Vexillary
Any other feature Fusion with other floral parts, colour, shape etc.
COROLLA
No of petals Write the number present in given flower
Fused Gampetalous
The petals are:
Free Polypetalous
Valvate
Twisted
Aestivation Imbricate
Quincuncial
Vexillary
Any other
Fusion with other floral parts, colour, shape etc.
features
2
SN KANSAGRA SCHOOL, RAJKOT
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
If ‘NO’, follow these instructions.
PERIANTH
No. of tepals Write the number present in given flower.
Fused Gamophyllous/gamotepalous
The tepals are
Free Polyphyllous/ polytepalous
Any other feature Fusion with other floral parts, colour, shape etc.
ANDROECIUM
No of stamens Mention the number present in given flower
Free Polyandrous
Filaments fused in one group Monoadelphous
Filaments fused in two groups Diadelphous
Stamens
(Cohesion ) Filaments fused in more than two groups Polyadelphous
All anthers fused but filaments free Syngenesious
All anthers as well as filaments united Synandrous
Attached to petals Epipetalous
Stamens
Attached to tepals Epiphyllous
(Adhesion)
Attached to Gynoecium Gynandrous
the whole length of anther. Adnate
the base of anther lobes. Basifixed
Filaments attached to
the dorsal side of anther Dorsifixed
the back of anther at a single point Versatile
Inner side of flower Introrse
Dehiscence
Outer side of flower Extrorse
only one Monothecous
Number of anther lobes
Two Dithecous
3
SN KANSAGRA SCHOOL, RAJKOT
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
GYNOECIUM
one carpel Monocarpellary
Number two carpels Bicarpellary
more than 2 Multicarpellary
Free Apocarpous
Carpel fusion
Fused Syncarpous
Ovary Superior
Inferior
Semi inferior
Style Mention the structural features observed.
Stigma Mention the structural features observed.
One Unilocular
Locules in ovary Two Bilocular
more than two Multilocular
Ovule in locules Observe in given flower
ovules are borne on the ridge Marginal
ovules borne at the central axis,
Axile
multichambered ovary
Placentation ovules develops on the inner wall of the ovary Parietal
ovules borne at the central axis Free central
a single ovule is attached to placenta Basal
4
SN KANSAGRA SCHOOL, RAJKOT
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Flower formula
The floral formula is represented by some symbols.
In the floral formula, the position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by a
dot on the top of the floral diagram.
1. Floral parts
a) Br stands for bracteate
b) K stands for calyx ,
c) C for corolla,
d) P for perianth,
e) A for androecium and
f) G for Gynoecium,
2. Symmetry:
a) ⊕ for Actinomorphic
b) % for Zygomorphic
3. Sexual conditions
a) for male
b) For female
c) Bisexual flower
4. Fusion
Cohesion is indicated by enclosing the figure within bracket and adhesion by a line drawn
above the symbols of the floral parts
5. Floral leaves insertion
a) Hypogynous : Ovary superior
b) Epigynous:
5
SN KANSAGRA SCHOOL, RAJKOT
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Floral diagram
Mother axis
Calyx
Corolla
Androecium
Gynoecium
Floral diagram
A floral diagram provides information about the number of parts of a flower, their arrangement
and the relation they have with one another.
The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by a dot on the top of
the floral diagram.
Calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium are drawn in successive whorls, calyx being the
outermost and the gynoecium being in the centre.
Floral formula also shows cohesion and adhesion within parts of whorls and in between whorls.
The floral axis/mother axis is the peduncle (the stalk that bears the flowers). all the floral parts
are drawn with respect to the position of this axis. hence, the mother axis is not shown if the
flowers are at a terminal position.