CHAPTER

2 LAWS OF MOTION

Problem 53. Two men of masses M and M + m start simultaneously from the ground and climb with
uniform accelerations up from the free ends of a massless inextensible rope which passes over a smooth
pulley at a height h from the ground.
(a) Which man reaches the pulley first.
(b) If the man who reaches first takes time t to reach the pulley. Find the distance of the second man
from the pulley at that instant.
Problem 54. In the arrangement shown in figure, all pulleys are smooth and massless.
When the system is released from rest, accelerations of blocks 2 and 3 relative to 1 are
1 m/s 2 downwards and 5 m/s 2 downwards. Acceleration of block 3 relative to 4 is zero. 1

Find the absolute accelerations of blocks 1, 2, 3 and 4.

4

2 3

Problem 55. The system shown in figure is in equilibrium. Find the force F and C 60°

magnitude of total force on the bearing of pulley C. Each pulley is free to rotate about
its bearing, and the weights of all parts are small compared with the load. (g = 10 m/s 2 )
B

1000 kg

Problem 56. Determine the constraint equation which relates the

accelerations of bodies A, B and C.
A
C

B
12 Problems in Physics
Problem 57. Under the action of a force F the
A B F
constant acceleration of block B is 3 m/s 2 to the right. At C

the instant when the velocity of B is 2 m/s to the right,

determine the velocity of B relative to A; the acceleration
of B relative to A and the absolute velocity of point C of the cable.
Problem 58. A small bead of mass m is free to move inside a smooth vertical semicircular ring of
2mg
radius R. The bead is attached to one end of a massless spring of force constant k = and natural
R
3R
lenght l o = . The other end of the spring is fixed at the centre of the ring. How R
4 60°
m
does the normal reaction on the bead and tangential acceleration of it varies with
angle θ (show graphically), where θ is the angle which the spring makes with a
vertical line passing through the centre of the ring. The bead is released from the position shown in figure.
Problem 59. O is the centre of a circular disc of mass 50 kg which rests in a
F
vertical plane on two rough pegs A and B, the coefficient of friction with each
1 O
being . AO makes 60 °and BO makes 30 °with the vertical. Find the maximum
2 60°
A

30°
force F, which can be applied tangentially at the highest point of the disc B
without causing rotation of the disc. (g = 10 m/s 2 )

F = 20 t

Problem 60. Three blocks shown in figure have the masses m A = 1 kg,
m B = 2 kg and m C = 1 kg. A time varying force (in newtons) F = 20 t is applied
on the pulley as shown in figure (here t is in seconds). Find the relative velocity
between blocks B and A, when block C has acquired a velocity of 2.5 m/s.
(g = 10 m/s 2 )
Both the pulleys are massless and friction is absent everywhere. A B C

Problem 61. A package is at rest on a conveyor belt which is initially at rest. The belt is started and
moves to the right for 1.3 s with a constant acceleration of 2 m/s 2 . The belt then moves with a constant
deceleration and comes to stop after a total displacement of 2.2 m. The coefficient of friction between the
package and the belt are µ s = 0.35 and µ k = 0.25.
Determine the displacement of the package relative to the belt as the belt comes to stop. Take
g = 10 m/s 2

Problem 62. A car travelling at 28 m/s has no tendency to slip on a track of radius 200 m banked at
an angle θ. When the speed is increased to 35 m/s, the car is just on the point of slipping up the track.
Calculate the coefficient of friction between the car and the track. (g = 9.8 m/s 2 )
Problems 13
Problem 63. Two blocks of mass 10 kg and 2 kg respectively are
connected by an ideal string passing over a fixed smooth pulley as shown in
figure. A monkey of 8 kg started climbing the string with a constant 2m
2
acceleration 2 m / s with respect to the string at t = 0. Initially the system is in 8 kg
10 kg
equilibrium and the monkey is at a distance of 2 m from the pulley. Find the
time taken by the monkey to reach the pulley. 2 kg

Problem 64. If masses of the blocks A and B shown in figure (a) and (b) are 10 kg and 5 kg
respectively, find the acceleration of the two masses. Assume all pulleys and strings are ideal.

A A

B B

(a) (b)

Problem 65. Two identical blocks each having a mass of 20 kg are connected to each other by a light
inextensible string as shown and are placed over a rough F = 40 t
surface. Pulleys are connected to the blocks. 20 kg 20 kg
Find acceleration of the blocks after one second after the
application of the time varying force of 40t N, where t is in
m= 0.4 m= 0.4
second.
Problem 66. An insect lying on the bottom of the hemi-spherical bowl tries to
O
come out from it. The coefficient of static friction between insect and bowl is 0.5.
How high up does the insect go without slipping? Now if the bowl starts rotating
about axis as shown in figure. At what angular speed ω will the insect just be able to w
come out of the bowl? (Radius of the bowl 5 cm)

O'
Problem 67. There is a parabolic-shaped bridge across a river of width 100 m.
The highest point of the bridge is 5 m above the level of the banks. A car of mass 1000 kg is crossing the
bridge at a constant speed of 20 ms -1 .
14 Problems in Physics
m
v

Using the notation indicated in the figure, find the force exerted on the bridge by the car when it is at
the highest point of the bridge. (Ignore air resistance and take g as 10 ms -2 )

Problem 68. A sphere rests between a smooth wall and a smooth wedge of mass M whose
inclination to the horizontal is α = 60 °. Mass of sphere is
m and its radius is R. The wedge initially touches the right
wall. The vertical side of the wedge is connected to the R
k mg
side wall with the help of light spring of force constant
mg
k =η , where η is a positive constant. Find the M
R 60°
minimum value of ηfor which the sphere does not collide
with the horizontal surface; if the spring is let go in the
position shown and spring is initially compressed. Neglect friction. Also find the normal reaction between
the sphere and the right side vertical wall in critical case.

B
Problem 69. Block B of mass 10 kg rests as shown on the upper
A
surface of a 22 kg block A. Find acceleration of block A and 30°

magnitude of acceleration of block B relative to A. Neglect friction.

Wedge is fixed (g = 10 m/s 2 ). 30°

Problem 70. A 25 kg block A rests on an inclined surface and a 15

kg counter weight B is attached to a cable as shown. Neglecting friction,
B
determine the acceleration of A, acceleration of B and tension in the A

cable after the system is released from rest. Cable is parallel to the plane.
Take g = 10 m/s 2 . 30°

Problem 71. A 6 kg block B rests as shown on the upper surface of a

B
15 kg block A. Neglecting friction, determine immediately after the
system is released from rest A
(a) the acceleration of A
(b) the acceleration of B relative to A.
Take g = 10 m/s 2 . (wedge is fixed) 30°
Problems 15
Problem 72. The 10 kg solid cylinder is resting in the inclined 45
°
V-block. If the coefficient of static friction between the cylinder and 45
En °
dv
iew
the block is 0.5, determine
P
(a) the frictional force F acting on the cylinder at each side
before force P is applied
30°
(b) the value of P required to start sliding the cylinder up the
incline (g = 9.8 m/s 2 )

Problem 73. In the given figure, assume that there is no friction l

between block B and the surface on which it moves and the coefficient A m
of friction between blocks A and B is µ. B 4m
(a) find the minimum value of M so that block A starts sliding
over B. 4l
(b) if M is two times that obtained in part (a), find the time when M C
the block A topples from B.
m
Problem 74. A wedge of mass M = 4 kg with a smooth quarter
circular plane is kept on a rough horizontal plane. A particle of mass
m = 2 kg is released from rest from the top of the wedge as shown in
M
figure. Find the minimum value of coefficient of friction between the
wedge and the horizontal plane so that the wedge does not move during
complete journey of the particle.

Problem 75. A block A of mass m and length l is placed on a B

horizontal floor. A rectangular box B is used to cover A. The distance L
between interior of the walls of B is L (> l ) and the mass of B is also m. The
coefficient of friction between A and floor is µ1 and that between B and l
floor is µ 2 (µ 2 > µ1 ). Initially the left end of A touches the left wall of B as
shown in figure and both A and B move with velocity v 0 towards the A
right. All collisions between A ad B are elastic and contact time during
each collision is very short. Find an expression for the period between
two consecutive collisions.
Problem 76. A point mass of 0.5 kg moving with a constant speed of 5 m/s on an elliptical track
experiences an inward force of 10 N when at either end point of the major axis and a similar force of
1.25 N at each end of the minor axis. How long are the axes of the ellipse.
Problem 77. A disc of mass m and radius 1 m is hinged at its
centre on a frictionless horizontal surface. It has a massless wall of
m
short height around the circumference. A small particle of mass
2 O
is projected with velocity 10 m/s keeping it in contact with the wall
and base of the disc. If coefficient of friction between the small
particle and the base of the disc in 0.5 and the wall is smooth. Find
the angular displacement of the mass after 2 sec.
ANSWERS
x2 y2 πu u 2
1. (a) + = 1 (b) 90° 2. , ln (2 ) 3. 16.67 s
16 36 4 g 2g
2 E 0 − qE 0 i! 2 E0 1 2 nh
4. , oscillatory between x = 0 and x = 5. 6. 9. 4 3 m/s
α m α 2 (n − 1) g
 3
10. 64.2 min 11. 3 km/hour 12. sin −1   , 1.09 sec, 62.64 m
 5
14. (a) 2.67 km (b) 0.9 km /s 15. 7gR 16. 34.8 m/s 2
17. 0.6s, 23.43 m/s, 6.59 N, zero 18. (a) 0.833 m/s (b) 2.63 m/s
v a
19. B should move up with initial velocity and downward acceleration
2 2
2
x +y 2  y  u 
21. t= , Here α = sin −1   and β = sin −1  sin α 
{v cos β − u cos α } 2 2
 x + y  v 
22. 2473 m 23. 2.76 m/s at an angle of 72.8° with OA
24. 2.88 cm/s and 4.5 cm/s 2 both upwards 25. v (2.41i! + !j ) 26. x = t − sin t
  nπ  
27. S = A n + 1 − cos ω t −  when n is even
  2  
  nπ   T nT
= A n + sin ω t −  when n is odd where t = t1 + t2 , t2 < and t1 = , n = 0, 1, 2, …
  2   4 4
u  1  x2 x2 a a !j
28. (a) (b) u 1 −  29. (a) v = − 2 (b) (c) v (due east) (d) ai! +
2  2 2a 3 a v 6
ωπ
30. (a) (b) v 0 31. cot −1 (2 ) 34. (a) 45° (b) 12.8 m/s
6( 3 − 1) v 0
1.317ω
35. (a) circle (b) 3 ω (c) 36. 10 m 37. R = 7 a 38. 6th step
v
8 gd
39. 26 m/s at angle θ = tan −1 (5) with x-axis 40. v 0 =
(1 + 2 sin θ) [8 t cos θ + tan θ (1 + 2 sin θ)]
a
41. x = 373 m, y = 18.75 m 42. 1.09 × 1010 N/m 2 43. 2.6 cm 2 44.
N+1
45. (a) 45° (b) 2 m/s 46. 1 s, (3.75 i! + 6.25 !j ) m/s 47. (a) 1 m/s along negative x-direction (b) 1.48 s
2
u sin 2 α u cos (α + θ)
48. (a) (b) 49. (i) 2.5 m/s (ii) 0.32 m
g cos θ cos θ
50. (a) 1 s (b) (5 3 m, 5 m) 51. (i) 17.32 m (ii) 11.55 m from B and 5.77 m from D
52. (a) 30° (b) (108.25 m, 31.25 m)
m  gt 2 
53. (a) The lighter man will reach the pulley first, (b) + h
M +m  2 
2 2 2 2
54. 2 m/s (upwards), 1 m/s (upwards), 3 m/s (downwards), 3 m/s (downwards)
55. 2500 N, 1294 N 56. 2aA + 4 aB + aC = 0
57. 0.5 m/s (towards right), 0.75 m/s 2 (towards right), 1 m/s (towards right)
120 Problems in Physics
 1
58. N = 3mg  cos θ −  , at = g sin θ 59. 275 N 60. 20 m/s 61. 0.317 m
 2
20 10 10 30
62. 0.18 63. 1.82 sec 64. (a) m/s 2 (Ø), m/s 2 (↑) (b) m/s 2 (↑), m/s 2 (Ø)
3 3 11 11
4 6
65. m/s 2 , m/s 2 66. 20 rad/s 67. 8.40 kN 68. 1.098, 3 mg
13 13
69. 6.28 m/s 2 down the wedge, 8.14 m/s 2
70. 1.272 m/s 2 (down the plane), 1.8 m/s 2 (at 15° with horizontal), 149 N
71. (a) 6.36 m/s 2 (down the plane) (b) 5.5 m/s 2 in horizontal direction (towards right)
 5∝  28 (9 ∝ + 4 ) l
72. (a) 24.5 N (b) 109 N 73. (a)   m (b) 74. 0.474
 4 − ∝ (20 ∝ − 5 ∝2 ) g
2 (L − l ) 1
75. 76. 10 m, 5 m 77. 12.5 rad 78. sec
(∝2 − ∝1) g 5
79. (a) 1.30 kg (b) 0.065 J 80. 2 sec, after A has travelled a distance 8 2 m
81. (b) (i) f1 = 30 N, f2 = 15 N
(ii) Equations of motion for m1, m 2 and M are 30 − T = 20 a, T − 15 = 5 a and F − 30 = 50 a
3
(iii) F = 60 N, T = 18 N, a = m/s 2 of all the masses towards right
5
5 3 3mg
82. (i) 36 N, towards centre (ii) 11.67 rad/s; (iii) r1 = 0.1 m, r2 = 0.2 m 83. (ii) g,
8 8
2 g −3 2 2
84. (i) ω = , 9.89 rad/s (ii) 9.78 × 10 m/s 85. (a) 3 θ = 1 + cos θ (b) 2.45 m/s
R−h
86. ∝ mg 2 cos α (sin α − ∝ cos α ) t 87. (a) 0.864 gr (b) 0.908 gr (c) 126.9°
 y
5 L − 
88. gR, 2 R 89. 1.825 m/s, 2.74 m/s 90. 2gy  2
2  L − y
 
v12 cos 2 α 1 − 2gh
91. cos −1 , v1 cos α 1 < 2gh 92. 2.414R ≤ H ≤ 2.5 R, 45 °≤ α ≤ 60 °
v12 − 2gh
v0 m
93. (a) (b) v0 94. 0.124 sec 95. (a) 90° (b) mg [3 2 − 2 ] 96. 5 gl , tan −1 (2), 2 l
6 3k
 2
97. (a) N = mg (3 cos θ − 2 ), (b) For θ ≤ cos −1  
 3
 2
N B = 0, N A = mg (3 cos θ − 2 ) and for θ ≥ cos −1   , N A = 0, N B = mg (2 − 3 cos θ)
 3
Æ
11 x 0 − 30 p Æ
98. 2.14 gL 99. 100. 5 m 101. sin α + |mg| cos α
13 ∆t
 v2 
102. (i) 25.981 m/s (ii) 25.918 m/s 103. cos −1 1 − 0  104. 4.33 J
 8 gl 
Æ Æ 1 ! ! 11 (2 − e) 2 (1 + e) v 0
105. (a) J m = − J M = − m (5i! − !j ) (b) (5i + j ) m/s (c) 106. v 0,
13 17 3 3
m Æ 2 1
107. yes 108. ∆r 109. 111. 1 : 2 : 3 112. cot α cot θ − 1
2M 3 2
 CHAPTER

2 LAWS OF MOTION

53. (a) Let a1 and a 2 be the accelerations of the in figure. Similarly,

two men in upward direction, and T the acceleration of block
tension in the rope. Then 4 and pulley P3 P1
x
T – Mg = Ma1 …(1) relative to pulley P2 is
y and acceleration of 1
and T – (M + m)g = (M + m)a 2 …(2)
block 2 and block 3
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get P2
x
relative to pulley P3 is
 M  mg +ve
or a2 =   a1 – a 2 < a1 z.
 M + m M +m Then 4 y
hence the lighter man will reach the absolute acceleration y P3
pulley first. of 1 is a1 = x
(b) The lighter man ascends a distance h in absolute acceleration
time t with acceleration a1. Hence of 2 is a 2 = y + z – x
z 2 3 z
1 absolute acceleration
h = a1t 2 …(3) of 3 is
2
Let s be the distance travelled by the heavier a3 = – z + y – x
man in this time t, then and absolute accele- ration of 4 is
2
1 t  M mg  a4 = – x – y
s= a 2t 2 =  a1 –
2 2 M + m M + m  Now given that
2
t   2h   a 21 = a 2 – a1 = – 1 m/s2
s= M  t 2  – mg 
2 (M + m)   or y + z – 2x = – 1 …(1)
1 2
= [2Mh – mgt 2] a 31 = a 3 – a1 = – 5 m/s
2 (M + m)
or y – z – 2x = – 5 …(2)
The distance of the second man from the pulley a 34 = a 3 – a 4 = 0
=h – s
or 2y – z = 0 …(3)
1
=h– [2Mh – mgt 2] Solving these three equations we find
2 (M + m)
x = 2 m/s2, y = 1 m/s2
1  mgt 2 
= Mh + mh – Mh +  and z = 2 m/s2
(M + m)  2 

m  gt 2  or a1 = 2 m/s 2 (upwards)
=  + h a 2 = 1 m/s 2
(upwards)
( M + m)  2 
54. Let acceleration of block 1 and pulley P2 a 3 = – 3 m/s 2 (downwards)

relative to ground is x in the directions shown a 4 = – 3 m/s 2 (downwards)

Solutions 157
55. Free body diagram of pulley A is shown in 56.
figure (a)
T1 T2 y xA xD aE = aB
A D 2 xC
A x xE 1
C

1000 x 10 = 10,000 N E
(a)
F
T3 T4 B
60°
L1 = x A + x E + (x E – x D ) + C1 …(1)
Fx
Here L1 = length of string 1
Fy and C1 = length of string 1 over pulleys.
T2 Differentiating equation (1) twice with respect
T3 to time, we get
(b) (c)
0 = a A + 2a E – a D …(2)
Let r A = radius of pulley A
Similarly
Equilibrium of moments about centre of pulley
gives L2 = 2x D + x C + C 2
T1r A – T2 r A = 0 or 0 = 2a D + a C …(3)
or T1 = T2 …(1) Multiplying equation (2) by 2 and then adding
with equation (3), we get
Σ Fy = 0
4 a E + 2a A + a C = 0
Hence T1 + T2 = 10, 000 N …(2)
but aE = aB
Solving (1) and (2), we get
Hence 2a A + 4a B + a C = 0
T1 = T2 = 5000 N …(3)
Free body diagram of pulley B is shown in 57. In the figure we can see that
figure (b) x y
In the similar manner we can find that
T A B F
T3 = T4 = 2 = 2500 N …(4)
2
Free body diagram of pulley C is shown in
figure (c).
4 x + 3y = constant
Moment equilibrium requires that
Differentiating this with respect to time,
F = T3 = 2500 N
we have
Now Fx = F cos 60°= 1250 N dx dy
4 +3 =0
and Fy = T3 – F sin 60° dt dt
3  dx   dy 
= 2500 – 2500 = 335 N or 4   = – 3 
2  dt   dt 
∴ magnitude of total force on the bearing of Here negative sign implies that as x decreases y
pulley C is Fx2 + Fy2 or 1294 N. increases.
158 Problems in Physics
Hence 4v A = 3v B  1
or h = R  cos θ –  …(1)
3  2
or v A = vB …(1)
4 Velocity of bead in this position would be
3  1
= (2) m/s = 1.5 m/s v 2 = 2gh = 2gR  cos θ –  …(2)
4  2
Hence v BA = v B – v A
mv 2
= (2.0 – 1.5) m/s = 0.5 m/s Further F + N – mg cos θ =
R
(towards right) mg  1
Differentiating (1) with respect to time, we get ∴ + N – mg cos θ = 2mg  cos θ – 
2  2
3  3
a A = a B =   (3) m/s2 = 2.25 m/s2  1
4  4 N = 3 mg  cos θ – 
 2
Hence a BA = a B – a A
Tangential acceleration of the bead will be
= (3.0 – 2.25) m/s2 mg sin θ
at = = g sin θ
or a BA = 0.75 m/s 2 (towards right) m
3g
Velocity of point C : At θ = 60°, N = 0 and a t =
2
vA
3 mg
Q
and at θ = 0°, N = and a t = 0
2
A C B
Hence N and a t varies with θ as :

N at

v Q = v B = 2 m/s (towards right) 3mg √3 g

— —
2 2
Let velocity of C is v C (towards right)
Then 2v A – v C = v Q
θ θ
or 2(1.5) – v C = 2 60° 0° 60° 0°

Hence v C = 1 m/s (towards right)

59. Let R be the radius of the disc.
58. Extension in the spring, When F is maximum, frictional force at A and
3R R 1 1
x=R– = = constant B are N A and N B .
4 4 2 2
60° F
θ 1N
F —
N h 3R 2 A
—
θ 2 O R√3
R+—
NA 2
mg sin θ mg mg cos θ 60°
30

A NB
°

W
Hence spring force, 1N B
— B
 2mg   R  mg 2 1
F = kx =   = µ= —
 R   4 2 2
Weight W = 50 x 10 = 500 N
Free body diagram of the bead at angle θ is
shown in figure. Taking moments about axes through A, B and
O (which are not collinear) we have
Here h = R (cos θ – cos 60°)
Solutions 159
Σ MA = 0 and 2T2 = T1
3
 R 1 or T 2 = 5t …(2)
or F   + N B R – N B R
 2 2 Block A starts moving up at
500 3 T1 = m Ag
– R = 0 …(1)
2 or 10t = 10 or t = 1 s
Σ MB = 0 Block B starts moving up at
 3 R T 2 = mB g
or F  R + R  + 500 – N AR
 2 2 or 5t = 20 or t = 4s
1 and block C starts moving up at
– N AR = 0 …(2)
2 T 2 = mC g
ΣM O = 0 or 5t = 10 or t= 2s
1 1 Acceleration of block C at any time t ≥ 2 s is
or FR – N AR – N B R = 0 …(3)
2 2 T – mC g
ac = 2 = (5t – 10)
From equation (1) 1
N B = 500 3 – 3F dv c
or = (5t – 10)
dt
From equation (2)
vc t
3 N A = 500 + F ( 3 + 2) or ∫0 dv c = ∫ (5t – 10) dt
2

and from equation (3) t

 5t 2 
2F = N A + N B or vC =  – 10t
1  2 2
Hence 2F = (500 + 2F + 3F )
3 or v C = 2.5t 2 – 10t + 10 …(3)
+ 500 3 – 3F Substitutingv C = 2.5 m/s in the above equation
 11 + 20 3  (3)
or F=  500 we get t = 3 s.
 83 
For time t ≥ 1 s velocity of block A can be found
or F = 275 N as follows :
60. Let T1 and T2 be the tensions in the strings as T - m Ag
aA = 1 = (10t - 10)
shown in figure. Then mA
2T1 = F or 2T1 = 20 t dv A
or = (10t - 10)
or T1 = 10 t …(1) dt
F = 20 t or dv A = (10t - 10) dt
velocity at time t = 3 s will be
vA 3
∫0 dv A = ∫ 1 (10t - 10) dt
T1 T1
or v A = [5t 2 - 10t]13 or v A = 20 m/s
Velocity of block B at time t = 3 s is zero
T2 T2 because it starts moving up at t = 4 s. Hence
relative velocity between blocks B and A
A B C
at the desired instant is 20 m/s.
160 Problems in Physics
61. Maximum velocity of belt 62. When there is no tendency to slip, no
= (1.3)(2) m/s = 2.6 m/s. frictional force acts. Hence
The velocity-time graph of the belt till it comes m (28)2
N sin θ = …(1)
to rest is shown in figure. 200
v (m/s) and N cos θ = mg …(2)
dividing (1) by (2), we get
2.6
tan θ = 0.4 …(3)

N
t (s)
1.3 m(28)2 θ
—
t0 200

Total displacement of belt is 2.2 m.

mg
Hence area under velocity-time graph should
θ
be 2.2 m
1
or (t0)(2.6) = 2.2 At speed 35 m/s, car has a tendency to slip up
2
the track. Hence frictional force will act down
or t0 = 1.692 s
the plane.
Hence the time of retardation will be Therefore,
t = t0 – 1.3 = 1.692 – 1.3 m(35)2
N ′ sin θ + µN ′ cos θ = …(4)
t = 0.392 s 200
and retardation of belt, and N ′ cos θ – µN ′ sin θ = mg …(5)
2.6
a2 = m/s2 = 6.63 m/s2 N′
0.392
m(35)2
Now during acceleration, there will be no —
200 θ
relative motion between the block and the belt
µN′
because
mg
µs g = (0.35) × 10 m/s2 θ

= 3.5 m/s2 > 2.0 m/s2

But during retardation, there will be relative solving (3), (4) and (5), we get
motion between the two, because µ = 0.18
2 2 63. Force diagram on right hand side and on left
µs g = 3.5 m/s < 6.63 m/s
hand side at all instants is same.
Hence relative acceleration between the two T T
will be
a r = (6.63 – µk g ) m/s2
(a0 – a)
a r = (6.63 – 2.5) m/s2 = 4.13 m/s2 a
8 kg
Hence relative displacement between the two 10 kg
is
a
1 1 2 kg
s = a r t 2 = (4.13)(0.392)2
2 2
s = 0.317 m
(2 + 8)g 10 g
Solutions 161
Hence, centre of mass of both sides will move for block B :
with same acceleration. mB g - T = mB (3a)
8(a 0 - a) - 2a 10a or 50 - T = 15a …(4)
∴ =
10 10
Solving Eqs. (3) and (4), we get
Solving this equation we get 10
2 a= m / s2
a = a0 11
5 10
Here a 0 = acceleration of monkey w.r. to string Therefore acceleration of A is m / s2
11
= 2 m / s2. upwards and that of B is
30
m / s2 downwards.
11
∴ Acceleration of monkey with respect to
65. 2a 2 = 3a1
ground
Considering block I
= (a 0 - a) = 0.6a 0 = 1.2 m / s2
F - 3T - f = 20a1 …(1)
2s 2× 2 a2 a1
∴ t= = = 1.82 s
1.2 1.2 T
F = 40t
64. (a) From constraint relations we can show T
20 kg 20 kg
that, T
II I
| a A| = |2a B|
So, let acceleration of B is a downwards, then m= 0.4 m= 0.4
acceleration of A will be 2a upwards.
Consider block II
Writing equations of motion,
for block A : 2T - f = 20a 2 = 30a1 …(2)
T - m Ag = m A(2a) Solving Eqs. (1) and (2)
or T - 100 = 20a …(1) f 
F - 3  + 15a1 - f = 20a1
for block B : 2 
mB g - 2T = mB (a) 5
F = 65a1 + f …(3)
∴ 50 - 2T = 5a …(2) 2
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we get When motion starts
10 µmg
a=- m / s2 t= = 8 N and a1 > 0
3 40
20 Solving we get,
∴ Acceleration of A is m / s2 downwards
3 1
F = 20 N ⇒ t = sec
10 2 2
and that of B is m / s upwards.
3 1
(b) From constraint relations we can show that, Motion of blocks will begin at t = sec
2
| a B| = |3a A| At t = 1 sec, F = 40 N
So, let a A is a upwards, then a B will be 3a From Eqs. (3), we get
downwards.
Writing equations of motion, 40 = 65a1 + 20
for block A : 20 4
a1 = = m / s2
3T - m Ag = m A(a) 65 13
3 6
or 3T - 100 = 10a …(3) a 2 = a1 = m / s2
2 13
162 Problems in Physics
66. First when the bowl is not rotating Rg
v2 =
µ
q Rg
N R 2ω 2 =
f
µ
mv2 g
R
ω2 =
R µR
q
mg cos q
mg sin q mg g
ω=
µR
f = mg sin θ
N = mg cos θ 10
=
f = µN 0.5 × 5 × 10-2
µmg cos θ = mg sin θ 102
= = 20 rad/s
tan θ = µ 5
θ = tan -1 µ 67. At the highest point of the bridge the equation
of motion of the car is
The height up to which insect will reach
v2
= R(1 - cos θ) mg - N = m
ρ
 1 
= 5 1 - where N is the normal force acting on the car
 1 + µ2 
 (and the negative of the required answer),
1  v = 20 m / s-1 and ρ is the radius of curvature of

= 5 1 -  cm = 0.53 cm the bridge there. The most difficult part of the
 1.25 
problem is to find this radius of curvature.
Now, the bowl start rotating with angular If we could find a motion with this trajectory for
velocity ω. which the normal acceleration is well known,
mv 2 the radius of curvature could be easily
N - mg cos θ = sin θ calculated. For a parabolic trajectory the flight
R′
of a projectile offers the required analogue. Let
mv 2 the projectile have an initial velocity of v 0
f + cos θ = mg sin θ
R′ making an angle α with the horizontal.
mv 2 The range (d = 100 m) and height (h = 5 m) of
N = mg cos θ + sin θ
R′ the projectile can be expressed using the initial
data,
mv 2
µN + cos θ = mg sin θ 2v 02 sin α cos α
R′ d=
g
 mv 2  mv 2
µmg cos θ + sin θ + cos θ v 02 sin 2 α
 R′  R′ and h=
2g
= mg sin θ
h 4h
Now, when the angular displacement of the The quotient gives tan α = (so α ≈ 11.3°),
d d
insect will be 90° then it will just come out from and the horizontal component of the initial
the bowl put θ = 90° and R ′ = R in above velocity is
equation
g
mv 2 v x = v 0 cos α = d = 50 ms-1
µ = mg 8h
R
Solutions 163
Now, the radius of curvature at the highest
point can be calculated as
kx N cos 60°
v x2 N
ρ= = 250 m N sin 60° mg
g N sin 60°
N
So, the normal force at the highest point is N cos 60° 60°

 v2 
N = m  g -  = 8.40 kN Equilibrium of sphere gives
 ρ
mg = N cos 60° …(2)
68. In the critical case; the sphere will just touch the
Note: Normal reaction between ground and sphere will
horizontal surface as shown in figure
be zero in critical case.

Dividing (1) by (2) we get

K
kx
tan 60°= …(3)
O mg
60°
60° A B Substituting the values of k and x we get
 1 
D E C F R 1 + 
 mg   3
R or 3 = η 
 R mg
In the figure
BC = OC – OB 3
or η=
1
R 1+
= R – R cos 60° = R – 3
2
R or η = 1.098
BC =
2 So, minimum value of η is 1.098
3 (ii) Considering equilibrium of (wedge +
AB = R sin 60°= R
2 sphere)
AD BC R N′ = k x
DE = AD cot 60°= = =
3 3 2 3
∴ EC = DC – DE = AB – DE
3R R R kx
= – = N′
2 2 3 3
R  1 
∴ FE = FC + EC = R + = R 1 + 
3  3
∴ Compression in the spring where N′ = normal reaction between the
sphere and the right wall
 1 
x = FE = R 1 +  = mg tan 60° (from equation 3)
 3
or N ′ = 3 mg
Now drawing free body diagram of wedge and
sphere in equilibrium we get (only those forces 69. Let acceleration of block A down the
are shown which are important for calculation) slope is a (absolute) and acceleration of
N = normal reaction between wedge and sphere block B relative to block A is a r .
Equilibrium of wedge gives Free body diagram of A with respect to ground
kx = N sin 60 ° …(1) is as shown in figure (a).
164 Problems in Physics
y
From constraint equation we can show that
a x a = ar …(1)
N1 Free body diagram of A with respect to ground
is as shown in figure (a) (only those forces,
which are parallel to plane have been shown).
125 + N – T = 25a …(2)
30°
30°
a
30° T
N2 22 x 10 = 220 N

(a) °
30
s in N N
g
25 125
Note that block A is shown by a dot just for =
better understanding of force diagram.
Here N1 = normal reaction between block A 30°
and wedge. (a)
and N 2 = normal reaction between blocks A
and B. Here N is the normal reaction between the
Σ Fx = 22a blocks.
Free body diagram of block B with respect to
∴ 220 sin 30 + N 2 sin 60° = 22a
°
block A is shown in figure (b)
or 110 + 0.87 N 2 = 22 a …(1)
y
Free body diagram of B with respect to A is T ar 5 a
+1
shown in figure (b). N x
y N2
Pseudo force
= 10a °
x 30
g sin N
60° 15 = 75
15 g cos 30°
30°

= 130 N
10 x 10 = 100 N 30o

Pseudo force = 15a (up the plane)

30°
(b)
(b) Σ Fx = 0
Σ Fy = 0 ∴ 75 = N + 15a …(3)
∴ N 2 + 10a sin 60°= 100 cos 30° Σ Fy = 15a r
or N 2 + 87
. a = 87 (2) ∴ T – 130 = 15a r …(4)
Σ Fx = 10 a r Solving equations (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
∴ 10a cos 60° + 100 sin 30° = 10 a r a = a r = 1.272 m/s2
or 5a + 50 = 10a r
and T = 149 N
or a - 2a r = - 10 ... (3)
Absolute acceleration of block B would be the
Solving equations (1), (2) and (3), we get resultant of a and a r as shown in figure (c).
a = 6.28 m/s 2 (down the wedge) ∴ a B = a 2 + a r2 = 2 (1.272) m/s2 = 1.8 m/s2
2
and a r = 8.14 m/s
and α = 45° or a B will make an angle of 15°
70. Let a be the absolute acceleration of block A with horizontal.
down the plane and ar the relative acceleration
of block B with respect to block A.
Solutions 165
N2
ar
a2
aB
α a1 30o a2
a
mBg = 60 N
(b)

60 – N 2 = 6a 2 …(2)
(c) Also a 2 = a1 sin 30°
Hence or a 2 = 0.5a1 …(3)
Acceleration of A = a = 1.272 m/s 2 solving equations (1), (2) and (3), we get
(down the plane) a1 = 6.36 m/s2
aB The vertical component of acceleration of B
15o
relative to A is zero. There is only horizontal
Horizontal
component of relative acceleration between
(d) the two which is equal to a1 cos 30°or 5.5 m/s2
Hence, acceleration of A is 6.36 m/s 2
Acceleration of B = a B = 1.8 m/s 2
! (down the plane) and acceleration of B
(at 15 with horizontal) relative to A is 5.5 m/s 2 in horizontal
and Tension in the string, T = 149 N direction (towards right)
72. (a) Since the cylinder is not sliding down,
71. Let acceleration of A is a1 (down the plane) and
total frictional force = net downward force
acceleration of B is a 2 (vertically downwards)
Free body diagram of A relative to ground is or frictional force F acting on one side
shown in figure (a). mg sin 30° (10) (9.8) (1/ 2)
= =
y 2 2
a1 x F = 24.5 N
N1 (b) By symmetry, normal reactions on both
A sides will be equal. Hence
5N
o =7 √2 N
30
in N N
gs
mA mAg cos 30°
N2 = 130 N
30°
mg cos 30°
(a)

N1 = normal reaction between block A and 2 N = mg cos 30°

wedge
(10) (9.8) ( 3/ 2)
N 2 = normal reaction between A and B or N=
2
Σ Fx = 15a1
N = 60 N
∴ 75 + N 2 sin 30° = 15a1
Therefore, total maximum frictional force that
or 75 + 0.5 N 2 = 15a1 …(1) can be obtained is
Note that block A has been shown as a dot ( •) fmax = 2 µN = (2) (0.5) (60) = 60 N
just for better understanding of force diagram. Net downward force is mg sin 30° or 49 N
Free body diagram of B relative to ground is Hence, P = 60 + 49
shown in figure (b).
P = 109 N