y

4
(a) y The graph of y against (a)
x is a straight line 2
15 passing through the x
5B Lesson Worksheet 6.1A (Refer to Book 5B P.6.6) 10 origin. 0 2 4 6 8
5
Objective: To understand direct variations and their graphs. (b) Variation constant =
(b) Variation
0 constant x= slope of the graph
5 10 15 ( )−( )
15 − 0 =
Direct Variations Slope of the graph = ( )−( )
y = slope of the line joining
5−0
Suppose y varies directly as x. =3 ( )
y = kx (0 , 0) and (5 , 15) =
(a) y = kx, where k is a non-zero variation constant. It can be written as y ∝ x. ( )
(b) The graph of y against x is a straight line passing through the origin and its slope = k
slope is the variation constant k. x
O 3. It is given that y varies directly as x. When x = 6, y = 4. Ex 6A: 10, 11
(a) Does the figure on the right correctly show the graph of y against x? y
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1 If no, draw the graph of y against x in the figure. Does the graph 4
pass through the
Suppose m varies directly as n. When n = 12, m = 60. Suppose p varies directly as q. When q = 18, p = 36. (b) Find the variation constant. origin?
(a) Express m in terms of n. (a) Express p in terms of q. 2
(b) Find the value of m when n = 20. (b) Find the value of p when q = 7. x
0 2 4 6
(a) Since m ∝ n, we have m = kn, where k ≠ 0. (a) Since p ∝ q, we have , where k ≠ 0.
When n = 12, m = 60. When q = 18, p = 36.
60 = k(12) ( ) = k( )
k=5 ‘∝’ means ‘varies k=( ) Set up an equation
m = 5n directly as’. to represent the
(b) When n = 20, (b) When q = 7, relation between p
and q. 4. It is given that y varies directly as x. When x = 10, y = 8. y
m = 5 × 20 p=( )×( )
= 100 = (a) Draw the graph of y against x in the figure. 8
(b) Find the value of y when x = 35. 4
1. Suppose w varies directly as v . When v = 4, 2. Suppose r varies directly as s2. When s = 6, x
0 4 8 12
w = 6. r = 24.
(a) Express w in terms of v. (a) Express r in terms of s.
(b) Find the value of v when w = 15. (b) Find the value(s) of s when r = 54.
Ex 6A: 1−5
(a) Since w ∝ v , we have
.
Level Up Question

v3
5. It is given that u ∝ v3. Is a constant? Explain your answer.
u2
(b) When w = 15,
Put w = 15 into the
result of (a). Then
find the value of v.
Instant Example 2 Instant Practice 2
It is given that y ∝ x. When x = 5, y = 15. It is given that y ∝ x. When x = 8, y = 2.
(a) Draw the graph of y against x. (a) Draw the graph of y against x.
(b) Find the variation constant. (b) Find the variation constant.
91 92
 New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

6 Variations

Consolidation Exercise 6A

Level 1
1. It is given that a is directly proportional to b. When b = 2, a = 10.
(a) Express a in terms of b. (b) Find the value of a when b = 7.

2. It is given that P ∝ Q. When Q = 4, P = 28.

(a) Express P in terms of Q. (b) Find the value of Q when P = 84.

3. Suppose r varies directly as s. When s = 16, r = 2.

(a) Find the variation constant. (b) Find the value of r when s = 40.
(c) Find the value of s when r = 8.

4. It is given that v ∝ u , where u > 0. When u = 121, v = 33.

(a) Express v in terms of u. (b) Find the value of v when u = 81.

5. It is given that m varies directly as the square of n. When n = 4, m = 80.

(a) Express m in terms of n.
(b) Find the value of m when n = 3.
(c) Find the possible value(s) of n when m = 180.

6. Suppose y varies directly as x. The table shows some values of x and the corresponding values of y.
Without finding the variation constant, find the values of p and q.
x 4 16 q
y p 48 81

7. Suppose p varies directly as q3. When q = 3, p = 189. Without finding the variation constant, find the
value of p when q = 2.

 8. It is given that s varies directly to the cube root of t. When t = 64, s = 20. Without finding the variation
constant, find the value of t when s = 30.

1 1
9. Let g ∝ h2. When h = , g = 1. Without finding the variation constant, find the value of g when h = .
3 6

10. Suppose y varies directly as x. When x = 4, y = 8. Draw the graph of y against x.

93
11. It is given that y is directly proportional to x. When x = 2, y = 5.
(a) Draw the graph of y against x.
(b) Express y in terms of x.
(c) What is the relationship between the variation constant and the slope of the graph obtained in (a)?
Explain your answer.

12. The figure shows the graph of y against x, where y varies directly as x. y

(a) Find the variation constant. 6

(b) Find the value of y when x = 10. 3

(c) Find the value of x when y = 36. x
0 3

13. It is given that s ∝ t. If t increases by 20%, find the percentage change in s.

14. Suppose v varies directly as u. If u decreases by 10%, find the percentage change in v.

Level 2
15. Suppose y varies directly as (6 ≠ x). When x = 4, y = 6.
(a) Express y in terms of x.
(b) Find the value of y when x = ≠3.

16. It is given that m ∝ (5n + 3). When n = 1, m = 2.

(a) Express m in terms of n.
(b) Find the value of n when m = 32.

17. It is given that r is directly proportional to (2s + 3). When s = 2, r = 14. Without finding the variation
constant, find the value of s when r = 22.

18. Suppose y varies directly as the cube of (x ≠ 1). When x = 3, y = 32. Without finding the variation
constant,
(a) find the value of y when x = 4,
 (b) find the value of x when y = 256.

19. It is given that a varies directly as b. When b = 6, a = 36.

(a) Express a in terms of b.
(b) If b decreases by 2, what is the increase or decrease in a?
(c) If a increases by 1, what is the increase or decrease in b?

20. Suppose (am + 3) ∝ (n + 1), where a is a constant. When n = 8, m = 3. When n = 32, m = 12.
(a) Find the value of a.
m
(b) Is a constant? Explain your answer.
n
94
 21. It is given that y ∝ (x2 + 2). When x = 3, y = 33.
(a) Express y in terms of x.
(b) Does y vary directly as x? Explain your answer.
(c) When the value of y is 9 times that of x, find the possible value(s) of x.

22. Suppose y varies directly as x3. If x increases by 10%, find the percentage change in y.

23. It is given that r varies directly as the square of s. If s decreases by 20%, find the percentage change in r.

 24. Suppose y varies directly as the cube root of x. If x increases by 72.8%, find the percentage change in y.

 25. Suppose y ∝ xa, where a is a constant and a rational number. When x decreases by 10%, y decreases
by 27.1%.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) When x = 2, y = 24. Without finding the variation constant, find the value of x when y = 375.
(c) Find the percentage change in y when
(i) x is doubled, (ii) x is halved.

26. In the figure, the graph of y against x is a straight line. Daisy y

claims that there exists a real number k such that y is directly 3
proportional to (x + k). Do you agree? Explain your answer.
2

x
0 1 2 3 4

* 27. It is given that a varies directly as b and b varies directly as c.

(a) Does a vary directly as c? Explain your answer.
(b) If a × b, does (a ≠ b) vary directly as c? Explain your answer.
(c) When c = 3, a = 18 and b = 6. Find the value of c when a ≠ b = 16.

* 28. It is given that x varies directly as y 3 and y varies directly z2, where y > 0 and z > 0.
(a) Is it true that x ∝ z3? Explain your answer.
x
(b) Is a constant? Explain your answer.
yz

 * 29. Suppose p varies directly as qt, where t is a constant and q > 0. The log3 p

graph in the figure shows the linear relation between log3 q and log3 p.
2
The intercepts on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the graph
are ≠1 and 2 respectively.
log3 q
(a) Find the variation constant and the value of t. ≠1 0
(b) If p > 36, find the range of values of q.

95