JIN.
C, JODHPUR
Tachypnaca (Polypnoea):- >20 breath/mt Nasal flaring:-due to swelling mucus
Apnea:-Total cessation (Stoppage) of membrane of nose Eg Cold Influenza,
respiration Infection
Orthopnea:- Client can breath in an Dyspnoea:- Difficulty or abored Breathing
upright position Hypoxia (Anoxia):- Lack of oxygen in the
Hyperpnoea:-It is increase in depth of tissue
respiration. Hypoxemia:-Lack of oxygen in blood
2. Depth of respiration: Asphyxia:- State of suffocation
A normal average men at rest inspired & Cheyne-Stokes Respiration :-Rhythmic,
exhales about 500ml of air & each with periods of apnea (30 seconds to 2
respiration. minutes)) Can indícate a. metabolic
When >500ml of air passes in & out of the dysfunction, or dysfunction in cerebral
lungs, respiration is said to be deep. hemisphere or basal ganglia
Apneustic Respiration :-Irregular
When quantity is <500 cc respiration is
said to be shallow. respirations, with pauses at_ end of
inspiration & expiration:-Indicates a
[Link]:-In an normal respiration, dysfunction in middle orpons
rhythm is normal.
Ataxic: Respiration -Totally iregular in
Respiratory cycle (Element) : rhythm & depth:-Indicates a dysfunction
in medulla
Inspiration (diaphragm contract, Ribs Kussmaul respiration:-deep &
move up word (1.2-2.5 cm) &out word&
the sternum move out word)) 1-1.5 second labored breathing associated with
K:-Ketoacidosis (DM)
Expiration:- (diaphragm relax, Ribs move
downward& in word, & sternum move In U:- Uremia ( RF)
ward) 2-3 second
S:- Salycylate poisoning (Aspirin)
Pause
S:- Sepsis
Abnormal Respiration: M:-Methanol poisoning
Stertorus respiration:-Noisy breathing is (Methylealcohal)
made by air passing through the secretion
Eg. Acute alcoholism.
A:-Aldehyle poisoning
L:-Lactic acidosis
".Biot's respiration: Irregular periods of ap
nea alternating with periods inwhich 4 or Blood pressure:
5 breaths of identical depth are taken
Eg. Increased ICP ,Failure of MO It is force exerted by blood against walls
of blood vessels as it flows through them.
JINCe JODHPUR-0291-2542691; 7357392691 Page 9
JINC, JODHPUR
Measuresforce of blood in arteries aretaking BP
Systolic:-Top number in BP readings Assessing BP from lower extremities:
Measures pressure in arteries Apply cuff just above knee or popliteal
When heart is beating fossa
Diastolic:-Bottom number in BP readings Systolic BP is measured at thigh is
Measures pressure when heart is generally 20-30 mm of Hg higher that or
measure in arm.
at rest
Normal BP is 120/80 mm of Hg (16/11 To be accurate nercúry column should
.
Kpl) have no Zero error mercury column
should rest atzero before pressure is
Aslight difference in BP (5 to 10 mm Hg) applied.
B/W right & left arms is normal.
If cuff is too narrow/Small reading will be
Pulse pressure: High reading/falselyelevated
Pulse Pressure is difference B/W diastolic cuff that is too wider reading will be low
& systolic pressures. reading.
Hand above level of heart:-Low false BP
Pulse Pressure = Systolic BP - Diastolic
BP Hand Below level of heart:-High false BP
120 mm Hg 80 mm Hg BP changes during the day.
Pulse Pressure = 40 mm Hg It is lowest as you sleep &rises when you
A normal pulse pressure is about 40 get up. It also can riae when you are
excited, nervous, or active
mmHg but can be as high as l00 mmHg
during exxercise BP instrument in the level of eye distance
3 Feet
Important aspect regarding BP:
Deflate the air 2mm of Hg/second
Sphygmnomanometer/BP apparatus it used
to measure BP. Cuff Bladder Bladder
Invented by Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter width(cm) |length(cm)
von Basch in 1881 New Born 3 6
Infant 15
Assessing BP from Upper extremities:
Adult 13 30
Applydeflated cuff over on brachial artery
2 Inch above anti-cubital fossa. Hypertension -Increase BP (140/90 mm
Korotkoff sounds :-are sounds that
of Hg of more)
medical personnel listen for when they
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[Link].C, JODHPUR
Hypotension-Decrease BP (90/60 mm of lunit increase Hb by 1 gm/dl &
Hg of less)
hematocrit by 2% to 3%.
Administration of blood Laboratory values takes 4 to 6 hours after
BT.
Product Infusion time of RBC- 2-4 hrs
lgm Hb carry :-l.34ml 02
Storage time of RBC:-35- 42 days
CDPA (anticoagulant) used in Blood
bank Temperature for storage. 1-6'C
C=Citrate Indication:=
D=Dextrose Severe hemorrhage in surgery
Abortion, Severe anemia, Trauma
P= Phosphate
Platelets:
A=Adenine
plhtet
I unit platelet =50 to 70 ml
Note:-Sodium fluoride (Blood collection
for glucose measurement) to inhibition rate Platelet administered rapidly usually over
of glycolysis during 1 1-2 h 15-30 minutes.
after blood is collected.
Storage time :-5-7days
Compatibility: Temperature for storage 20-24C (72 °F)
Matching of blood from 2 person by 2 Evaluation of an effective response are
different type of antigen system. evaluated 1 hour & 18 to 24 hours after
the transfusion.
Cross matching: Types Of Platelets:
Testing of donor blood &recipient blood Random Donor platelets (RDP) are
for compatibility with in 4 hour after prepared from donated blood with in 4 to
collection of sample.
6hrs of collection by centrifugation
Sample collection Single Donor Platelets (SDP) are
3 ml EDTA ( Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra prepared by platelet
Acetic acid) 1unit of SDP is equivalent to 5 to 10
5 ml Plain vial units of RDP.
Typeof blood components:
1unit of platelet increases the count by
5000-10000
RBCs: Indicaion:
IUnit PCV (Packed cell volume )= 250ml
of RBCs
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Dengue, Leukemia, Cancer, Bone Replacement therapy for coagulation
marrow deficiency factors II, V, VII, IX,X, XI
Whole blood: Cryoprecipitate/Cryo -(Prepared from plasma
& contains Fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor,
Contain RBCs, WBCs, plasma &platelets factor VIII, XIII )
Iunit blood -350 ml (300ml+50 ml Anti
coagulant) Storage time :-1 Year
1Unit of Whole blood increase lgm % 1Unit:-10-15ml
Hb Administered over 15-30 minutes.
Storage time :-35 days Temperature for storage <30:C
Infusion time 2-4 hrs Indication:
Temperature for storage. 1-6°C Hemophilia
Indication: Acute DIC
º Hypovolemic shock Von Willebrand disease
Plasma : Types ofblood Donations;
Fresh Frozen Plasma:- (Containno Autologous:- Donation of client on blood
platelet)
Note:-Is a not option for client with
Increase level of clotting factor Leukemia, Bacteremia
IUnit fresh Frozen plasma 200-250ml Designated donor (Commonest type):
Temperature for Preparing -80C Compatible donor selected by recipient.
(Eg. Family member)
Temperature for storage. -18C or colder
Blood salvage:-ls an autologous donation
Transfusion Time :-30 to 60 minutes that involves suctioning blood from body
Storage for 1year cavities, joint spaces, or other closed
body sites.
Increasescoagulation factors about 2% Blood may need to be "washed," a special
Use: process that removes tissue debris before
reinfusion.
Active bleeding or hemorrhage
Articles:
Burns
BT Set
Shock
NS
Thromboticthrombocytopenia purpura
Blood/Blood component
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