Problem - Solution

A. Mục tiêu bài học

1. Nắm được cách viết dạng bài Task 2 Problem – Solution

2. Nắm được cách phát triển ý về chủ đề Environment
3. Nắm được cách dùng Collocations

B. Nội dung bài học

I. PROBLEM - SOLUTION
1. Yêu cầu chung

Example: Today many people believe that media has become too popular for
teenagers. What are the problems and what are your solutions?

Khi viết dạng bài nguyên nhân và giải pháp, thông thường các em sẽ phải trình bày
2 nội dung (tương ứng với 2 câu hỏi trong đề): vấn đề của một xu hướng nào đó
trong xã hội và giải pháp cho các vấn đề đó.

2. Bố cục bài viết

Phần Nội dung câu

Sentence 1 – Paraphrase question
Introduction
Sentence 2 – Outline sentence (nêu vấn đề + giải pháp)
Sentence 1 – Topic sentence (Problem 1)
Sentence 2 – Explain why this is a problem
Paragraph 1
Sentence 3 – Example
(Problems)
Sentence 4 – Topic sentence (Problem 2)
Sentence 5 – Explain
Sentence 1 – Topic sentence (Solution 1)
Paragraph 2 Sentence 2 – Explain how this is an effective solution
(Solutions) Sentence 3 – Example
Sentence 4 – Topic sentence (Solution 2)

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 Phần Nội dung câu
Sentence 5 – Explain
Sentence 1 – Summary of main points (nhắc lại problem +
Conclusion
solution, không thêm ý mới)

3. Cấu trúc bài viết

3.1 Introduction

1. Paraphrase question:

 Nowadays, … has become a big problem.

 Many people are worried about …
 There is a serious issue related to …

2. Outline sentence:

 This essay will discuss the problems and suggest some solutions.
 The following paragraphs will look at the issues and how to solve them.

3.2 Body 1 – Problem

3. Topic sentence (Problem):

 One main problem is that …

 A big issue is …
 The major problem is …

4. Explanation:

 This happens because …

 The reason is that …
 As a result, …

5. Example:

 For example, …
 For instance, …

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3.3 Body 2 – Solution

6. Topic sentence (Solution):

 One solution is …
 A good way to solve this is …
 This problem can be reduced by …

7. Explanation:

 This works because …

 The reason is that …
 As a result, …

8. Example:

 For example, …
 For instance, …

3.4 Conclusion

 In conclusion, the main problem is … but this can be solved by …

II. Exercise for Practice

Dạng 1 – Điền từ vào chỗ trống (Gap-fill)

Hoàn thành đoạn văn bằng từ trong khung.

(words: problem, solution, because, for example, traffic, pollution, government)

Introduction
Nowadays, air _______ has become a big _______. This essay will discuss the
issue and suggest a possible _______.

Body 1 – Problem
One main issue is heavy _______ in big cities. This happens _______ too many
people use private cars. _______, in Bangkok, thousands of people spend hours in
traffic every day.

Body 2 – Solution
One _______ is that the government should improve public transport.

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Bài 2 – Obesity

(words: problem, solution, because, for instance, junk food, exercise, schools)

Introduction
Nowadays, childhood obesity is a serious _______. This essay will look at the
issue and suggest a _______.

Body 1 – Problem
One main issue is that children eat too much _______. This happens _______ fast
food is cheap and convenient. ________, many kids prefer hamburgers to
vegetables.

Body 2 – Solution
One _______ is that _______ should encourage more physical _______ for
students.

Bài 3 – Plastic waste

(words: problem, solution, because, for example, plastic bags, oceans,

government)

Introduction
Nowadays, too much plastic in the _______ has become a serious _______. This
essay will discuss the issue and suggest a _______.

Body 1 – Problem
One main issue is the use of _______ in supermarkets. This happens _______
people use them every day and throw them away. _______, millions of plastic bags
are wasted daily.

Body 2 – Solution
One _______ is that the _______ should ban single-use plastic bags.

Bài 4 – Unemployment

(words: problem, solution, because, for example, jobs, technology, government)

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Introduction
Nowadays, unemployment is becoming a big _______ in many countries. This
essay will discuss the issue and suggest a possible _______.

Body 1 – Problem
One major issue is that many traditional _______ are disappearing. This happens
_______ machines and robots replace human workers. _______, factories often use
robots instead of people.

Body 2 – Solution
One _______ is that the _______ should create new jobs in technology industries.

Bài 5 – Traffic jam

(words: problem, solution, because, for instance, cars, cities, bicycles)

Introduction
Nowadays, traffic jams are a serious _______ in big _______. This essay will
discuss the issue and suggest a possible _______.

Body 1 – Problem
One main issue is that there are too many private _______. This happens _______
people prefer driving instead of using public transport. _______, in Jakarta,
millions of cars cause heavy congestion every day.

Body 2 – Solution
One _______ is to encourage people to use _______ instead of cars.

Dạng 2 – Nối câu (Matching)

Nối cột A và B để tạo thành đoạn văn.

1. One main problem is …

2. This happens because …
3. For example, …
4. One solution is …
5. This would work because …

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B
a. the government builds more public parks.
b. children spend too much time on their phones.
c. in many cities, kids prefer games to outdoor activities.
d. they will have a safe place to play outside.
e. many children lack physical exercise.

Dạng 3 – Dịch từ tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh (10 câu)

1. Ngày nay, kẹt xe là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng ở các thành phố lớn.
Nowadays, ______________________________________________
2. Một giải pháp là phát triển hệ thống xe buýt và tàu điện.
One solution is _________________________________________
3. Ví dụ, ở Tokyo, nhiều người đi tàu điện thay vì lái xe.
For example, ____________________________________________
4. Ô nhiễm không khí đang ngày càng nghiêm trọng ở nhiều quốc gia.
Air pollution _____________________________________________
5. Một giải pháp là khuyến khích người dân đi xe đạp nhiều hơn.
One solution is _________________________________________
6. Ví dụ, ở Amsterdam, phần lớn người dân đi làm bằng xe đạp.
For instance, ____________________________________________
7. Ngày nay, trẻ em dành quá nhiều thời gian cho điện thoại và trò chơi điện tử.
Nowadays, ______________________________________________
8. Một giải pháp là các trường học nên tổ chức nhiều hoạt động thể thao hơn.
One solution is _________________________________________
9. Ví dụ, nếu học sinh chơi bóng đá hoặc bóng rổ thường xuyên, sức khỏe của
các em sẽ tốt hơn.
For example, ____________________________________________
10.Tỷ lệ thất nghiệp ngày càng cao do nhiều công việc bị máy móc thay thế.
The unemployment rate __________________________________

Dạng 5 – Triển khai ý (Idea Development)

✍ Viết 1–2 câu giải thích cho mỗi ý dưới đây. Có thể dùng các từ nối gợi ý:
because, as a result, for example.

Topic 1: Traffic jam

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  Problem: Too many cars in the city
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Solution: Encourage people to use bicycles
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Topic 2: Plastic waste

 Problem: Too much plastic in the ocean

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Solution: Ban plastic bags in supermarkets
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Topic 3: Obesity

 Problem: Children eat too much junk food

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Solution: Schools provide healthier meals
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Topic 4: Technology addiction

 Problem: Teenagers spend too much time on phones

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Solution: Parents limit screen time
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Topic 5: Education pressure

 Problem: Students have too much homework

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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  Solution: Teachers reduce homework load
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

III. Essay Practice

1. In many countries, plastic waste has become a major environmental issue.

What are the problems caused by plastic waste? What solutions can be
suggested?

Model Answer

Plastic waste is becoming a big problem in many countries. It damages the

environment and affects people’s lives. This essay will explain the problems and
suggest some solutions.

The first problem is that plastic waste is dangerous for animals, especially sea
creatures. Many turtles, fish, and birds die because they eat plastic or get stuck in
it. For example, some whales were found with a lot of plastic in their stomachs.
The second problem is that plastic takes a very long time to break down. It can stay
in the land and ocean for hundreds of years, making the environment dirty. In
addition, small pieces of plastic, called microplastics, can enter the food chain.
People may eat seafood that contains these plastics, which is harmful to their
health.

One solution is to use less single-use plastic, such as plastic bags, bottles, and
straws. Governments can ban these items and encourage people to use paper or
cloth bags instead. For instance, many supermarkets now give customers reusable
bags. Another solution is to recycle more plastic waste. If plastic is collected and
recycled, less rubbish will end up in nature. Schools and media can also teach
people how to reduce plastic and protect the environment.

In conclusion, plastic waste causes many problems for animals, the environment,
and humans. However, these issues can be solved if people reduce plastic use,
recycle more, and learn how to live in a greener way.

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Homework

Đề 1: Traffic Congestion

In many cities around the world, traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem.
What are the main problems of this issue? What solutions can be suggested?

Problems Solutions

Too many cars → roads Improve public transport → cheap and frequent
overcrowded buses/trains

Car broken→ polluted air, health Encourage cycling/walking → cleaner air,

issues healthier people

Long travelling hours → wasted Flexible working hours → fewer people travel at
time once

Stricter traffic laws → reduce speeding and

More accidents → unsafe roads
careless driving

Đề 2: Childhood Obesity

Nowadays, an increasing number of children are becoming overweight.

What are the problems caused by this trend? What can be done to solve it?

Problems Solutions

Too much fast food → weight Provide healthy school meals → more
gain fruits/vegetables

Screen time → no exercise Daily sports at school → keep children active

Health risks → diabetes, heart

Parents limit junk food → give healthy snacks
disease

Low confidence → children

Public campaigns → promote healthy lifestyle
bullied

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Đề 3: Plastic Waste

Plastic waste has become one of the biggest environmental challenges today.
What problems are caused by plastic? What measures can be taken to deal with it?

Problems Solutions

Plastic kills sea animals → turtles eat Ban single-use plastic → use paper or
bags cloth bags

Takes centuries to decompose → Recycling programs → turn plastic into

landfills full new items

Microplastics enter food → harm Raise awareness → encourage reusable

humans bottles

Too much litter in cities → streets More bins and fines → people throw waste
dirty properly

Đề 4: Youth Unemployment

In many countries, young people find it difficult to get a job. What are the problems
caused by youth unemployment? What solutions can be suggested?

Problems Solutions

Lack of skills → hard to find jobs Vocational training → learn practical skills

High competition → not enough Governments create jobs → build new

positions industries

Career guidance in schools → choose right

Jobless youth → stress, crime
career early

No experience → companies don’t Internship programs → gain real work

hire practice

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