PHILIPPINE LAW SCHOOL

Persons and Family Relations

Atty. Aiza Camille O. España
2025-2026, First Semester
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Required Text:
(a) Arturo M. Tolentino, “Commentaries and Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of the
Philippines”, volume 1, Manila, 1990

(b) Katrina Legarda, Ma. Soledad Deriquito-Mawis & Flordeliza C. Vargas, “Family Law”,
volumes I to III, 2016

Note: All article references are to the Family Code unless a Civil Code article reference (NCC) is
indicated.

I. INTRODUCTION

1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 [1990 Edition]

II. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Articles 1 to 13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino

NCC Arts. 1 - 18

A. When law takes effect NCC Art. 2

Revised Administrative Code (RAC), Secs. 18 to 24
Executive Order No. 200, Sec. 2
Administrative Code of 1987 (E.O. No. 292),
Book VII, Chapter 2, Sec. 3

Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985

PASEI v. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 101279, August 06, 1992
Comm. of Customs v. Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012
Acaac v. Azcuna Jr., G.R. No. 187378, September 30, 2013

B. Ignorance of the law NCC Art. 3

Kasilag v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 46623, December 7, 1939

Elegado v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-68385, May 12, 1989

C. Retroactivity of laws NCC Art. 4, cf. NCC Arts. 2252 - 2269

Revised Penal Code (RPC) Art. 22
Family Code (FC) Art. 256

Francisco v. CA, G.R. No. 102330, November 25, 1998

CF: Pesca v. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921, April 17, 2001

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Simon v. Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011
David v. Agbay, G.R. No. 199113, March 18, 2015

D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)

E. Waiver of rights NCC Arts. 6 & 2035

DM Consunji v. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001

Aujero v. PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012
Dona Adela v. Tidcorp, G.R. No. 201931, February 11, 2015

F. Repeal of laws NCC Art. 7

cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC Arts. 254

Thornton v. Thornton, G.R. No. 154598, August 16, 2004

Kida v. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, February 28, 2012
Yinlu Bicol v. Trans-Asia, G.R. No. 207942, January 12, 2015

G. Stare Decisis NCC Art. 8

Pesca v. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921, April 17, 2001

De Castro v. JBC, G. R. No. 191002, April 20, 2010
Virtucio v. Alegarbes, G.R. No. 187451, August 29, 2012
UCPB v. Uy, G.R. No. 204039, January 10, 2018

H. Duty to render judgment NCC Arts. 9 & 10; RPC Art. 5

People v. Ritter, G.R. No. 88582, March 5, 1991

Alonzo v. Padua, G.R. No. 72873, May 28, 1987
Barcellano v. Bañas, G.R. No. 165287, September 14, 2011
People v. Tulagan, G.R. No. 227363, March 12, 2019

I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom NCC Arts. 11 – 12

cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court (ROC), Rule 129, Secs. 2
&3

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, G.R. No. L-5691, December 27, 1910

J. Legal periods NCC Art. 13 cf. ROC Rule 22; RAC Sec. 31

Co v. New Prosperity Plastic Products, G.R. No. 183994, June 30, 2014

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 K. Applicability of Penal Laws NCC Art. 14, 17(3); RPC Art. 2

AAA v. BBB, G.R. No. 212448, January 11, 2018

L. Binding effect NCC Art. 15 cf. FC Art. 26, par. 2

Tenchavez v. Escaño, G.R. No. L-19671, November 29, 1965

Board of Commissioners v. de la Rosa, G.R. Nos. 95122-23, May 31, 1991
Del Socorro v. Van Wilsem, G.R. No. 193707, December 10, 2014
Lavadia v. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, G.R. No. L-55960, November 24, 1988
IPAMS v. De Vera, G.R. No. 205703, March 17, 2017

NCC Art.16 In the Matter of the Testate Estate of Edward Christensen v. Christensen-
Garcia, G.R. No. L-16749, January 31, 1963

In the Matter of the Testate Estate of Amos Bellis, Bellis v. Bellis,

G.R. No. L-23678, June 6, 1967

NCC Art. 17 Raytheon v. Rouzie, G.R. No. 162894, February 26, 2008

NCC Art. 18 Tamano v. Judge Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v. People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Villagracia v. Sharia, G.R. No. 188832, April 23, 2014

III. HUMAN RELATIONS NCC Arts.19-22

People v. Ritter, G.R. No. 88582, March 5, 1991

Carpio v. Valmonte, G.R. No. 151866, September 09, 2004
Nikko Hotel Manila Garden v. Reyes, G.R. No. 154259, February 28, 2005
Pacis v. Morales, G.R. No. 169467, February 25, 2010

IV. PERSONS & PERSONALITY

A. The concept of a ‘person’ and ‘personality’ NCC Arts. 37 - 39

Classes of persons and their distinctions

Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons

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 (a) Birth NCC Arts. 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. No. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC Art. 164; RPC Arts. 256 - 259

Geluz v. CA, G.R. No. L-16439, July 20, 1961

Quimiging v. Icao, G.R. No. 26795, July 31, 1970
De Jesus v. Syquia, G.R. No. L-39110, November 28, 1933
Continental Steel v. Montano, G.R. No. 182836, October 13, 2009

(b) Death NCC Art. 42

Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pedro Fragante, G.R. No. L-770, April 27, 1948
Dumlao v. Quality Plastics, G.R. No. L-27956, April 30, 1976
Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140, May 17, 1990
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. October 27, 1989
Berot v. Siapno, G.R. No. 188944, July 09, 2014
Valino v Adriano, G.R. No. 182894, April 22, 2014

NCC Art. 43
ROC, Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj)-(kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)

Joaquin v. Navarro, G.R. No. L-5426, May 29, 1953

2. Juridical Persons NCC Arts. 44-47

Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC Art. 1767-1768

C. Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, NCC Art. 37

Catalan v. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007

2. Restrictions on capacity to act NCC Arts. 38 – 39

cf. NCC Art. 1327

(a) Minority

1. Age of majority, R.A. No. 6809

2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang Kabataan]
4. Marriage FC Art. 5, 45 (1); cf. R.A. No. 6809
5. Contracts NCC Arts. 1327, 1390 (par. 1), 1397-1399,
1403 (par. 3), 1489; 1426 - 1427

Mercado v. Espiritu, G.R. No. L-11872, December 1, 1917

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 Bambalan v. Maramba, G.R. No. L-27710, January 30, 1928
Suan & Chiao v. Alcantara, G.R. No. L-1720, March 4, 1950
Braganza v. Villa-Abrille, G.R. No. L -12471, April 13, 1959

6. Criminal liability RPC Art. 12 (2) - (3), 13 (2)

P.D. No. 603 Secs. 189 – 204
Also see: ROC Rule 3, Section 5
R.A. No. 9344, Secs. 6 & 7

Atizado v. People, G.R. No. 173822, October 13, 2010

(b) Insanity 1. Marriage, FC Art. 45 (2)

2. Contracts, NCC Arts. 1327 (1), 1328
3. Criminal liability, RPC Art. 12 (1) &
ROC, Rule 101

US v. Vaquilar, G.R. Nos. L-9471-72, March 13, 1914

People v. Rafanan, G.R. No. L -54135, November 21, 1991
Standard Oil v. Arenas, G.R. No. L-5921, July 25, 1911
(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC Arts. 1327 (2), 807 & 820
(d) Prodigality, ROC, Rule 92, Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction, RPC Arts. 31, 34, 41
(f) Family Relations FC Arts. 150-151; cf. FC Arts. 87, 37, 38
NCC Art. 1490 & 2035
cf. NCC Arts. 963-967

(g) Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution

Cordora v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176947, February 19, 2009

Reyes v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
David v. Agbay, G.R. No. 199113, March 18, 2015

(h) Absence, NCC Arts. 381 – 396, FC Art. 41

Olaguer v. Purugganan, G.R. No. 158907, February 12, 2007

(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC Arts. 1381, 1491, 2236

Umale v. ASB Realty, G.R. No. 181126, June 15, 2011

(j) Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC Art. 403
See also: ROC, Rule 3 Section 4

(k) Physical Incapacity/Disease, FC Arts. 45(5), 45(6), 46; NCC Art. 820

Heirs of Favis Sr. v. Gonzales, et al., G.R. No. 185922, Jan. 15, 2014

D. Domicile and residence of persons

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 1. Juridical persons NCC Art. 51

2. Natural persons NCC Art. 50 ; FC Arts. 68-69

cf. NCC Art. 110
cf. FC Arts. 55, 101, 149, 152, 101

Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 119976, September 18, 1995

SEE ALSO FOR REFERENCE: Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-Llamanzares vs.
Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 221697 & 221698-700, April 5, 2016

V. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

A. Effect and Retroactivity E.O. No. 209, as amended by E.O. No. 227
R.A. No. 6809, R.A. No. 7610
FC Art. 256, cf. FC Art. 36 in rel. to 39 FC Arts. 105,
162 & 257

Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, A.M. No. MTJ-92-706 March 29, 1995

Bernabe v. Alejo, G.R. No. 140500, January 21, 2002
Fuentes v. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010

B. Repeal/Amendment FC Arts. 254, 255

VI. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. The concept of “marriage” FC Art. 1 cf. NCC Art. 52, FC Art. 149
Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution

Obergefell et. al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health, et. al. Supreme Court
of The United States, Nos. 14–556, 14-562,14-571 and 14–57, 200 U. S. 321
([Link]

B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law FC Art. 1

cf. ROC, Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa)
NCC Art. 220
P.D. No. 1083, Sec. 14

Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, G.R. No. 11263, November 2, 1916

Sermonia v Republic, G.R. No. 109454, June 14, 1994
Perido v. Perido, G.R. No. L-28248, March 12, 1975
People v. De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010
Anonuevo, De Santis & Neri v. Intestate Estate of Rodolfo Jalandoni,
G.R. No. 178221, December 1, 2010
Tambuyat v. Tambuyat, G.R. No. 202805, March 23, 2015
Calimag v. Heirs of Macapaz, G.R. No. 191936, June 1, 2016
Tilar v. Tilar, G.R. No. 214259, July 12, 2017

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C. Agreements prior to marriage

1. Stipulations in marriage FC Art. 1 cf. NCC Art. 221

Espinosa v. Atty. Omaña, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011

2. Breach of promise to marry NCC Arts. 19 - 21; NCC Art. 2176

NCC Art. 1403 2(c); FC Art. 22

Hermosisima v. CA, 109 Phil 629

Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v Mabute, A.M. P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

Mariategui v. CA, G.R. No. L-57062, January 24, 1992

1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance FC Arts. 2-5; 35; 45

cf. NCC Art. 53
RPC Arts. 350-351

De Mijares v. Villaluz, A.C. No. 4431, June 19, 1997

2. Essential requisites

(a) Legal Capacity

(i) Gender, FC Art. 2 (1) cf. FC Art. 148

Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007

(ii) Age FC Arts. 5; 35 (1); R.A. No. 6809 cf. FC Art. 21

NCC Arts. 54 & 80 (1); RPC Art. 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

(iii) Absence of impediment FC Arts. 5 & 35

Garcia v. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 02, 2001

Te v. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000
Nollora v. People, G.R. No. 191425, September 7, 2011
Avenido v. Avenido, G.R. No. 173540, January 22, 2014

3. Parental consent FC Arts. 14 & 45 (1)

4. Consent freely given by both spouses

(a). Mistake as to identity, FC Art. 35 (5); NCC Art. 86 (1)

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 (b). Effect of insanity, FC Art. 45 (2)

(c). Effect of fraud, FC Art. 45 (3) & 46

NCC Arts. 1338–1344

Anaya v. Palaroan, G.R. No. L-27930, Nov. 26, 1970

(d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue

influence, FC Art. 45 (4); NCC Arts.1335-1337

Villanueva v. CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence,

FC Art. 45 (5)

Jimenez v. Cañizares, 109 Phil 27

Alcazar v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, Oct. 13, 2009

(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC Arts. 45 (6); 46 (3)

5. Formal Requisites –

(a) Marriage license

Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994

Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v. De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016

1. Where to apply, FC Arts. 9 - 10

2. Requirements for issuance

a. application, FC Art. 11
b. proof of capacity, FC Arts. 12-14, 21 cf. NCC Art. 84
cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)
DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)

c. parental advice, FC Art.15

d. marriage counseling, FC Art.16
e. publication, FC Art. 17
f. investigation of impediments, FC Art. 18
g. payment of fees, FC Art. 19
h. family planning certificate, P.D. No. 965

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 3. Place where valid, FC Art. 20
4. Period of validity, FC Art. 20
5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC Arts. 24-25

Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994

Alcantara v. Alcantara, GR No. 167746, August 28, 2007
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016

6. Marriages exempt from license requirement FC Arts. 27-34

cf. NCC, Art. 76
P.D. No. 1083

Niñal v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

Republic v. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581/179474, March 28, 2008

(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer

1. Who are authorized FC Arts. 7, 10, 31 & 32

NCC Arts. 56, 74, 76
R.A. No. 7160, Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii),
445 (b)(1)(xviii)

Beso v. Daguman, 323 SCRA 566 (2000)

2. How authorized FC Art. 7 (2) cf. NCC Arts. 92-96

Villar v. Paraiso, 96 Phil 659

3. Effect of absence of authority FC Arts. 4, 35 (2);

RPC Art. 352

cf. Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355 (p. 360)

Ronulo v. People, G.R. No. 182438, July 02, 2014

4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC Arts. 23-24

5. Effect of irregularity, FC Art. 4

(c) Marriage Ceremony

1. Form of ceremony, FC Arts. 3 (3); 6 cf. FC Arts. 33; 8

Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil 731

COMPARE TO: Morigo v. People, G.R. No. 145226,
Feb. 06, 2004

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 2. Place for ceremony, FC Arts. 8; 28-29; 32-33

3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC Arts. 6; 22-23

Madridejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1

People v. Borromeo, 133 SCRA 106

E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad

1. General rule in contracts

(a) As to form, NCC Arts. 17 (1) and (2)

(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC Arts. 15 & 17 (3)

2. Special rule in marriage

(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC Arts. 26, 21, 10

Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786

Republic v. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Republic v. Manalo, G.R. No. 221029, April 24, 2018

(b) Exceptions FC Art. 26 in relation to

FC Arts. 35(1), 35(4), 35(5-6), 36 to 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)

F. Common-law marriages/ ‘live-in’ relationships FC Art. 147 & 148

cf. RPC Art. 350
ROC, Rule 131, Sec. 3(aa)–(cc)
FC Art. 26, par. 1
NCC Book II, Title III
(Arts. 484-501)

Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135

Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489
Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140, May 17, 1990
Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003

G. Void Marriages

General rule, FC Art. 4

1. Kinds of void marriages

(a) Absence of requisites cf. VII (D) of Outline

FC Art. 35 cf. FC Art. 234, R.A. No. 6809

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 So v. Valera, G.R. No. 150677, June 5, 2009
De Castro v. De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13, 2008
Republic v. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages, FC Art. 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44
RPC Arts. 344, 349

Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986)

Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6
Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572
Cariño vs. Cariño 351 SCRA 127
Mercado v. Tan, 337 SCRA 122
Bobis v. Bobis, G.R. No. 139509, July 31, 2000
Ty v. CA, G.R. No.127406, Nov. 27, 2000
Morigo v. Morigo, 422 SCRA
Tenebro v. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004
(read concurring opinion of Justice Vitug and dissent of Justice Carpio)
Teves v. People, G.R. No. 188775, August 24, 2011
Nollora v. People, G.R. No. 191425, September 7, 2011
Montanez v. Cipriano, G.R. No. 181089, October 22, 2012
Capili v. People, G.R. No. 183805, July 3, 2013
People v. Odtuhan, G.R. No. 191566, July 17, 2013
Lasanas v. People, G.R. No. 159031, June 23, 2014
SSS v. Azote, G.R. No. 209741, April 15, 2015
Santiago v. Philippines, G.R. No. 200233, July 15, 2015
Sarto v. People, G.R. No. 206284, February 28, 2018

(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse

FC Art. 41 in relation to FC Arts. 42-44

NCC Arts. 390-391, FC Art. 55 (9), FC Art. 101

Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil 179

Republic v. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido v. CA, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994
SSS v. Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Republic v. Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, Dec. 10, 2013
Republic v. Hon. Estrada, G.R. No. 214792, March 18, 2015
Republic v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015
Republic v. Sareñogon, G.R. No. 199194, February 10, 2016
Republic v. Tampus, G.R. No. 214243, March 16, 2016
Matias v. Republic, G.R. No. 230751, April 25, 2018

Procedure
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512, June 13, 2012

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(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC Art. 44

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC Arts. 36, 39, 68-73, R.A. No. 8533

Santos v. CA, G.R. No. 112019, January 04, 1995

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, G.R. No. 119190, January 16, 1997
Republic v. Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Hernandez v. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76, December 08, 1999
Marcos v. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic v. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
Republic v. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20, 2004
Antonio v. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, March 10, 2005
Republic v. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February 6, 2007
Almelor v. RTC-Las Pinas, G.R. No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
Te v. Te, G.R. No. 161793, February 13, 2009
Azcueta v. Republic, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009
Halili v. Halili, G.R. No. 165424, June 9, 2009
Najera v. Najera, G.R. No. 164817, July 3, 2009
Camacho-Reyes v. Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, Aug. 18, 2010
Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011
Kalaw v. Fernanez, G.R. No. 166357, January 14, 2015
Vinas v. Parel-Vinas, G.R. No. 208790, January 21, 2015
Malilin v. Jamesolamin, G.R. No. 192718, February 18, 2015
Republic v. Romero, G.R. No. 209180 & 209253, February 24, 2016
Castillo v. Castillo, G.R. No. 189607, April 18, 2016
Castillo v. Republic, G.R. No. 214064, February 06, 2017
Del Rosario v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 222541, February 15, 2017
Dela Fuente v. Dela Fuente, G.R. No. 188400, March 08, 2017
Bakunawa v. Bakunawa, G.R. No. 217993, August 09, 2017
Singson v. Singson, G.R. No. 210766, January 08, 2018
Republic v. Tionglico, G.R. No. 218630, January 11, 2018

(f) Incestuous marriages, FC Art. 37 cf. NCC Arts. 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy

FC Art. 38, compare FC Art. 38(6) with NCC Art. 80(6)

RPC Art. 246; NCC Arts. 80(7), 82; NCC Arts. 963-967

(h) Non-compliance under FC Arts. 53, 52

Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

2. Who can invoke nullity FC Arts. 36, 39-40

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, Sec. 2, Mar. 4, 2003

Niñal v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000

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Catalan v. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico v. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614, September 28, 2007
Carlos v. Sandoval, G.R. No. 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v. Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC Art. 39 in relation to FC Arts. 255, 256; 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

a. Requisite for valid remarriage

b. Safeguards against collusion, FC Art. 48

Malcampo Sin v. Sin, 355 SCRA 285

Ancheta v. Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
Yuk Ling Ong v. CA, G.R. No. 206653, February 25, 2015

c. No confession of judgment, FC Art. 48; cf. NCC Art. 2035

d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles, 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva, 56 SCRA 1

e. Participation of the OSG

Mendoza v. Republic, G.R. No. 157649, November 12, 2012

f. No Motion to Dismiss

Aurelio v. Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011

5. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity – Art. 49, 198, 50 (2)

6. Effects of res judicata Mallion v. Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336

7. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

(a) In general, FC Arts. 50-54, 198, 213 but see 147-148

Villarica v. Villarica, G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015

(b) On remarriage, FC Arts. 40, 41

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses

13
 (d) On the property regime of the marriage FC Arts. 147-148

Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011
Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20, 2014

(e) On ‘legitimes’ of the common children

FC Arts. 50-53, FC Art. 51 in relation to NCC Arts. 886, 888;

FC Art.176; NCC Arts. 908, 1061
Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
COMPARE TO: FC Art. 147

Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children FC Art. 54, 176

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371

Yasin v. Shari'a, G.R. No. 94986, February 23, 1995

Bar Matter No. 1625 – “Petition to Use Maiden Name in Petition
to Take the 2006 Bar Examinations, Josephine P. Uy-Timosa”
Remo v. DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 2010

(h) On hereditary rights, FC Arts. 43, 50, 54

(i) Effect of death, FC Arts. 103, 130

Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, September 7, 2011

Domingo vs. Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20, 2016
Uy v Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5, 2017

H. Voidable Marriages

1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC Art. 4 cf. Art. 45

Ninal v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000

Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent FC Arts. 5(1), 45(1), 47(1),

R.A. No. 6809 cf. FC Art.14

Moe v. Dinkins, 533 F. Supp. 623 (1981) 669 F. 2d 67 (1982)

(b) Insanity FC Arts. 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149

Katipunan v. Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937

14
 (c) Fraud FC Arts. 45(3), 46, 47(3), NCC Arts. 1338-1344

Buccat v. Buccat, 72 Phil 49

Aquino v. Delizo, 108 Phil 21
Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97
Hernandez v. CA, 320 SCRA 76, December 08, 1999
Almelor v. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence FC Arts. 45(4), 47(4)

NCC 1335-1337
RPC 344, last paragraph
Ruiz v. Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903
Villanueva v. CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e) Physical incapacity/impotence FC Arts. 45(5), 47(5)

Jimenez v. Cañizares, 109 Phil 273

Sarao v. Guevara, 40 OG 11 Supp 263, 1940
Alcazar v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13, 2009

(f) Affliction with STD, FC Art. 45(6), compare with FC Arts. 46(3), 47(5)

(g) Others Republic v. Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013

3. Who can seek annulment FC Art. 47

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003, Section 3

4. When to seek annulment FC Art. 47, NCC Art. 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment FC Art. 48; A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

Barcelona v. CA, G. R. No. 130087, September 24, 2003

6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment FC Arts. 49, 213

A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, Mar 4, 2003

7. Effects of annulment, FC Arts. 50-54, 43, 102, 129, 213

(a) In general

Chan-Tan v. Chan, G.R. No. 167139, Feb. 25, 2010

(b) On remarriage
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses

(d) On the property regime of the marriage FC Arts. 50, 43(2)

cf. FC Arts. 102(4), 129

15
 (e) On ‘presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights

FC Arts. 50-53, FC Art. 51 in relation to NCC Arts. 886, 888;

FC Art. 176; NCC Arts. 908, 1061
FC Arts.102 (5), 43 (2), 50 (2), 51, 63 (2), 129, 135

Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children FC Art. 213

Mendez v. Shari’a District Court, G.R. No. 201614, January 12, 2016

(g) On use of surnames NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

Yasin v. Shari'a, G.R. No. 94986, February 23, 1995

Bar Matter No. 1625 – Josephine P. Uy-Timosa
Remo v. DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 05, 2010

I. Marriage when one spouse is absent FC 41-44 compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87 (2)
cf. RPC Art. 349

SSS v. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006

J. Forfeiture and Delivery of Presumptive Legitimes

K. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment NCC Arts. 15, 17 (3)

FC Art. 26 (2)

Arca v. Javier, G.R. No. L-6768, July 31, 1954

Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita v. CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente v. CA, 345 SCRA 592
Garcia v. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego v. Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
Republic v. Orbecido, G.R. No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. No. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan v. CA, G.R. No. 167109, Feb. 6, 2007
Corpus v. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Lavadia v. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014
Ando v. DFA, G.R. No. 195432, August 27, 2014
Medina v. Koike, G.R. No. 215723, July 27, 2016
Misalucha v. People, G.R. No. 206284, Feb. 28, 2018

16
 Republic v. Manalo, G.R. No. 221029, April 24, 2018 [note DISSENT of J. Caguioa;
CONCURRING of J. Leonen]

L. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability FC Arts. 4, 16, 41, 168

NCC Art. 84
RPC Arts. 351-352
R. A. No. 10655, “AN ACT
REPEALING THE CRIME OF
PREMATURE MARRIAGE UNDER
ARTICLE 351 OF ACT NO. 3815,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE
REVISED PENAL CODE”, March 13, 2015

People v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 185843, March 3, 2010

Ronulo v. People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014
OCA v. Former Judge Tormis, A.C. No. 9920, August 30, 2016
Misalucha v. People, G.R. No. 206284, February 28, 2018

R.A. No. 6955, “An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching Filipino Women for
Marriage to Foreign Nationals”

R.A. No. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, as amended by RA 10364

People v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 210798, September 14, 2016

VII. THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce

Benedicto v. De la Rama, 3 Phil 34

1. Separation in fact FC Arts. 238-248, 101(3)

Villanueva v. Chiong, G.R. No. 159889, June 5, 2008

2. Agreements to separate FC Art. 1, NCC Art. 221 (1)

Espinosa v. Omana, A.M. No. 9081, October, 12, 2011

3. Absolute Divorce

(a) Divorce under the Family Code FC Art. 26 (2)

Gorayeb v. Hashim, 50 Phil. 22

Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013

17
 Medina v. Koike, G.R. No. 215723, July 27, 2016

(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code, MC Art. 45-55

Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011

Zamoranos v. People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Pacasum v. Zamoranos, G.R. No. 193719, March 21, 2017 (en banc)

B. Concept of legal separation, compare with NCC Art. 97

1. Grounds for legal separation – Art. 55 FC; R.A. No. 9262, Sec. 19

A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003

(a) Sexual infidelity or perversion FC Art. 55(8), NCC Art. 36

RPC Arts. 333-334, 247

Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011

Republic v. Quintos, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or homosexuality

FC Art. 55 (5) and (6) compare with FC Art. 46(4)

Almelor v. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

Campos v. Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, February 08, 2012

(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse

FC Art. 55(9), compare with NCC Art. 97(2)

R.A. No. 9262, Sec. 5

(d) Abandonment FC Art. 55 (10); FC 101 par. 3, compare with separation in fact

Partosa-Jo v. CA, G.R. No. 82606, December 18, 1992

Republic v. Quintos, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

(e) Other grounds FC Art. 55 (1)

Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252

Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011

2. Who can ask for legal separation FC Art. 55, compare with NCC Art. 99

3. When may petition be filed FC Art. 57, compare with NCC Art. 102, 99

People v. Zapanta, 88 Phil 688 [L-3047, May 16, 1951]

4. Court procedure in legal separation FC Arts. 58-60;

18
 Sec 19, R.A. No. 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003

Araneta v. Concepcion, 99 Phil 709

Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Samosa v. Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
Gandionco v. Peñaranda 155 SCRA 725
Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321

5. Effect of pendency of the petition, FC Art. 61-62

6. Support and custody pendente liteFC Art. 62 cf. FC Art. 49 & 198

Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404

De la Viña v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
Araneta v. Concepcion, 99 Phil 709
Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440

7. Defenses in actions for legal separation – FC Art. 56

(a) Consent FC Art. 56(2); NCC Art. 100

People v. Sensano, 50 Phil 73

People v. Schneckenberger, 73 Phil 413

(b) Condonation FC Art. 56(1)

Ginez v. Bugayong, 100 Phil 616

(c) Recrimination FC Art. 56(4)

Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil 168

Ong v. Ong, 505 SCRA 76, G.R. No. 153206, October 23, 2006

(d) Collusion/Mutual Consent FC Art. 60

FC Art. 56(3), (5) compare with NCC Art.
101 and 221(3)

People v. Schneckenberger, 73 Phil 413

Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

(e) Prescription, FC Art. 57

8. Effects of decree of legal separation, FC Art. 68

(a) On personal relations, FC Art. 63, 68

19
 (b) On the custody of children FC Art. 63(3); 213; NCC Art. 106(3)
P.D. 603, Art. 17 par. 3

Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956

(c) On property relations FC Art. 63(2), 64, 102 (4), 129 (7)

Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 176566, July 4, 2012

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

(d) On support, FC Art. 198

(e) On the use of surname, NCC Art. 372

Laperal v. Republic, 116 Phil 672

(f) On hereditary rights, FC Art. 63(4)

(g) Other effecs, FC Art. 64, 198
(h) Solo Parents Act – R.A. No. 8972

9. Reconciliation, FC Art. 65-67, cf. Art. 141

10. Effect of death of one of the parties

Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 314

VIII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES

A. Obligation to love each other, FC Art. 68; cf. NCC Arts. 113-114

B. Obligation to live with the other spouse

1. General rule and exceptions FC 68 – 71; 72

Art. 100; 127; 101
NCC Art. 921 (4)
RPC Art. 11 (2); 247

Republic v. Molina, G.R. No. 108763, February 13, 1997

Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phil 252
Arroyo v. Vasques-Arroyo, 42 Phil 54
Cuaderno v. Cuaderno, 12 SCRA 505
Ilusorio v. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789, May 12, 2000.

2. Designation of domicile

(a) General rule: jointly FC Art. 69, par. 1, compare with

NCC Art. 110

Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 335

20
 (b) Exception, FC Art. 69 par. 2

De la Viña v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 at pp. 16-21

C. Joint management of family life FC Arts. 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146

D. Joint Obligation to Support FC Arts. 70,194, 94 (1), 94 (last par.),

121, 122 (1), 146

Calderon v. Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, January 09, 2013

E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

FC Art. 73, as amended by R.A. No. 10572 (July 2013)

Compare with NCC Art. 117
FC Art. 94 (2), (3); FC Art. 121 (2), (3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC Art. 113 compare with ROC, Rule 3, Sec. 4
cf. R.A. No. 7192, “An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as
Full & Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation Building”

cf. R.A. No. 8187, “An Act Granting Paternity Leave”

R.A. No. 9710, “Magna Carta of Women”

F. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children

R.A. No. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Children
Sharica Mari Go Tan v. Sps. Tan, G.R. No. 168852, Sept. 30, 2008
San Diego v. RTC, G.R. No. 193960, Jan. 07, 2013
Tua v. Mangrobang, G.R. No. 170701, January 22, 2014
BBB v. AAA, G.R. No. 193225, February 9, 2015
AAA v. BBB, G.R. No. 212448, January 11, 2018

IX. PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements FC Arts. 75; 130 (3); 103 (3)

1. Prior to marriage: modifications

FC Art. 1; 76 (modifications after marriage)

FC Arts. 66, 67, 128, 135, 136

Pana v. Heirs of Juanite Sr., G.R. No. 164201, December 10, 2012

2. Form & registration requirement, FC Art. 77; NCC Arts. 1357, 1358, 709

3. Celebration of the marriage, FC Art. 81 cf. Art. 86 (1)

21
B. Parties to a marriage settlement

1. Who may enter into settlements

(a) minors, FC Art. 78

(b) persons under civil interdiction, NCC Art. 38, 39,
FC Art. 79, RPC Art. 34, FC Art. 135 (1)
(c) incapacitated persons, FC Art. 79, in rel. to NCC Arts. 38-39

2. Participation of parents/guardians – Art. 78

C. Which law governs property relations

1. Stipulation in marriage settlements, FC Art. 80

2. If both Filipinos
3. Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien
4. If both aliens
5. For property located outside Philippines

FC Art. 80 (2) and (3) in rel. to NCC Art. 16

FC Art. 80 (3) in rel. to NCC Art. 17 (1)

D. Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC Art. 82

Solis v. Barroso, 53 Phil 912 [1928]

2. Form of Donations, FC Art. 83, NCC Arts. 748-749

Velasquez v. CA, G.R. No. 126996, February 15, 2000

3. Who may be donors – FC Art. 83

4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor

(a) Present Property, FC Art. 84

(b) Future Property, FC Art. 84; NCC Art. 761

Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864

(c) Encumbered Property, FC Art. 85

(d) Donations in the marriage settlements, FC Art. 81

5. Void donations by the spouses, FC Art. 87

(a) Donations during the marriage

22
 (b) Donations in common law marriages

Matabuena v. Cervantes, 38 SCRA 284

Arcaba v. Tabancura vda. Batocael, G.R. No. 146683,
Nov. 22, 2001

6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias, FC Arts. 81, 86(1)

(a) Revocation by donor, FC Art. 86; NCC Art. 765; FC Arts. 50; 43 (3)

Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864

(b) By operation of law, FC Art. 44; 61; 43 (3)

E. Absolute Community of Property (ACP)

1. When applicable, FC Arts. 75, 103 (3); 130 (3); 92 (3)

2. Commencement, FC Art. 88
3. Waiver during marriage, FC Art. 89 (1) cf. NCC Art. 168
4. Waiver after marriage, FC Art. 89 par. 2
5. Suppletory rules: Co-ownership, FC Art. 90; of NCC Arts. 484-501
6. What constitutes ACP, FC Art. 91 Memorize!

(a) All property at time of marriage

(b) Property acquired subsequently
(c) Winnings from gambling, FC Art. 95 cf. NCC Art. 164
(d) Presumption of ACP, FC Art. 93 cf. NCC Art. 160

7. What is excluded from ACP, FC Arts. 92; 142

Muller v. Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006

Beumer v. Amores, G.R. No. 195670, December 3, 2012
Abrenica v. Abrenica, G.R. No. 180572, June 18, 2012

8. Charges upon ACP, FC Art. 94, 197, 98

Luzon Surety Co., Inc. v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111

Gelano v. CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc. v. CA, 135 SCRA 192

(a) Family expenses cf. FC Arts. 100 (3), 121(5) and 94 (1), (4), (5)

Francisco v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 177667, September 17, 2008

(b) Debts of spouses, Art. 94 (2) and (3)

(c) Subsidiary liabilities, Art. 94 (9)

23
 Buado v. CA, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009

(d) Gambling losses, FC Art. 95

(e) Other charges, Art. 94

9. Ownership, FC Arts. 90, 96 in rel. to NCC Art. 206

10. Administration and enjoyment of ACP

(a) Joint Administration, FC Art. 96, 90

Dar v. Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000

(b) Sole administration

(1) incapacity, FC Art. 96 (2) – no court order

Uy v. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) separation in fact FC Art. 100 (3), 142 – with court

order, of separate property
(3) abandonment, FC Art. 101 – with court order
(4) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC 61 – with court
order

Sabalones v. CA, 230 SCA 79

(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC Arts. 96-98

11. Effect of separation de facto, FC Art. 100; 101; cf. FC Art. 239
- summary proceedings for court authority to dispose

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

12. Effect of abandonment, FC Arts. 101, 72, 239 – damages,

rescission/nullity of a contract

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

13. Causes for dissolution of ACP, FC Art. 99

(a) Death, FC Art. 103 cf. Rule 73, Sec. 12 ROC

Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, September 7, 2011

Uy v. Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5, 2017

(b) Legal separation, FC Arts. 63(2); 66

24
 (c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC Arts. 50 in rel.
to FC Arts. 43 (2), 147, 148

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

(d) Judicial separation of property, FC Art. 134-138

Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008

14. Effects of dissolution

(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 102

Quiao v. Quiao, G.R. No. 176566, July 4, 2012

(b) For cause other than death, FC 43 (2); FC 63(2); 147; 148

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011

(c) Termination due to death, FC 104

15. For marriages before FC, FC 104 cf Art. 103 (3)

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216

16. Support during ACP liquidation, Art. 198, 100 (1)

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

F. Conjugal Partnership of Gains

1. When applicable, Art. 75, 105, 130, 256

Belcodero v. CA, 227 SCRA 303

Sps. Estonina v. CA, G.R. No. 111547, January 27, 1997
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 176566, July 4, 2012
Orpiano v. Tomas, G.R. No. 178611, January 14, 2013

2. When CPG commences, Art. 88

3. Waiver during marriage, Art. 89
4. Waiver after marriage, Art. 89, 136
5. Suppletory rule, Art. 108, NCC 1767-1768
6. What constitutes the CPG, FC Art. 106, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123

Titan v. David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010

Imani v. Metrobank, G.R. No. 187023, Nov. 17, 2010.
Dewara v. Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011

25
 Lim v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 183918, January 15, 2014

7. What is excluded from CPG, FC Arts. 109, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119,
120, 123, NCC Art. 1015, 1601, 1619

(a) Brought as exclusive property, FC Art. 109 (1)

Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493

Francisco v. CA, G.R. No. 102330, November 25, 1998
Tan v. Andrade, G.R. No. 171904, August 7, 2013

(b) Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage,

FC 109 (2) of FC 113, FC 115

Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Berciles v. GSIS, 128 SCRA 53, cf. FC 115

(c) Acquired by redemption/exchange, FC Art. 109(3), NCC Art.

1601, 1619

Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718

(d) Purchased with exclusive money, FC Art. 109(4), 118-119

(e) Properties of parents

Laurena v. CA, G.R. No. 159220, September 22, 2008

8. Presumption of CPG, FC Art. 116

9. Administration of exclusive property, FC Arts. 110-111

` Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372

10. Encumbrance/disposition of exclusive property

FC 111-112, of FC 236, amended by RA 6809
See R.A. No. 10572, amending FC 111

Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792

11. Charges upon and obligations of CPG FC Art. 121, 122, RPC Art. 108

Mariano v. CA, 174 SCRA 59

Ayala v. CA, 286 SCRA 272
Ching v. CA, 423 SCRA 356
Homeowners v. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, March 11, 2005

26
 Ando v. Campo, G.R. No. 184007, February 16, 2011
De Los Santos v. Abejon, G.R. No. 215820, March 20, 2017

(a) With consent

G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192

Ong v. CA, 204 SCRA 297
Ayala Investment v. CA, G.R. No. 118305, February 12, 1998
Security Bank v. Mar Tiera Corp., G.R. No. 143382, November 29, 2006
Aguete v. PNB, G.R. No. 170166, April 6, 2011

(b) Without consent

People v. Lagrimas, G.R. No. L-25355, August 28, 1969

Costuna v. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333 (1989)
Jader-Manalo v. Camaisa, G.R. No. 147978, January 23, 2002
Carlos v. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361 (2005)
Pana vs. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201, December 10, 2012
Borlongan v BDO, G.R. No. 217617, G. R. No. April 5, 2017

12. Administration and enjoyment of CPG, FC Art. 124

Dar v. Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000

Docena v. Lapesura, 355 SCRA 658

(a) Incapacity, FC 124 (2) – no court order

Uy v. CA, 346 SCRA 246 [G.R. No. 109557, Nov. 29, 2000]

(b) Separation in fact, FC Art. 127, 239 – with court order, of separate
property

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

(c) Abandonment, FC128, 239 – with court order

Partosa-Jo v. CA, 216 SCRA 693

`
(d) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61 – with court order

Sabalones v. CA, 230 SCRA 79

13. Disposition and encumbrance, FC Arts. 124-125

Jader-Manalo v. Camaisa, G.R. No. 147978, January 23, 2002

Guiang v. CA, 291 SCRA 372
Roxas v. CA, 198 SCRA 541 (1991)
Alinas v. Alinas, G.R. No. 158040, April 14, 2008

27
 Siochi v. Gozon, G.R. No. 169900, March 18, 2010
Aggabao v. Parulan, G.R. No. 165803, September 1, 2010
Ko v. Aramburo, G. R. No. 190995, August 9, 2017

14. Dissolution of CPG, FC Art. 126

(a) Death, FC Art. 130, cf. Rule 73, Sec. 12, Rules of Court

Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, September 07, 2011

Domingo v. Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20, 2016
Uy v. Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5, 2017

(b) Legal separation, FC Art. 61, 63 (2), 66

(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC Art. 50
in relation to Art. 43 (2)

(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

15. Effects of dissolution, FC Art. 129

Tarrosa v. De Leon, G.R. No. 185063, July 23, 2009

Cabreza v. Cabreza, G.R. No. 171260, September 11, 2009

(a) Liquidation procedure

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(b) Cause other than death, FC Art. 50, 43 (2), 63 (2), 147, 148
(c) Termination due to death; FC Art. 130-133

16. For marriages before the Family Code, FC Art. 131

17. Support during CPG liquidation, FC Art. 133

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

G. Regime of Separation of Property

1. When applicable

(a) In the marriage settlements, FC Arts.143-146

(b) When mandatory, FC Arts. 103 & 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation, FC Art. 66(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property

Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

28
 2. Property covered, FC Art. 144

3. Administration

(a) By the owner-spouse, FC Art. 145

(b) By the other spouse, FC Arts. 142, 101
(c) FC Arts. 100 (3); 101

4. Family expenses, FC Art. 146

5. Conveyances between the spouses, FC Art. 87, NCC Art. 149

H. Judicial Separation of Property

1. When possible, FC Art. 134

Maquilan v. Maquilan, G.R. No. 156689, June 8, 2007

Lavadia v. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014

2. For sufficient cause, FC Art. 135 cf. FC Arts. 55 (10); 229(4), 231, 232

Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

3. Voluntary separation of property, FC Arts. 136, 74-75, 134

4. Effects of judicial separation of property

(a) liquidation of CPG or ACP, FC Art. 137 par. 1

(b) support pendente lite, FC Art. 137 par. 2
(c) regime after JSP, FC Art. 138, cf. FC Art. 66 (2)
(d) binding effect on third parties, FC Art. 139-140, cf. Art. 66(2)

Laperal v. Katigbak, L-16991, March 31, 1964

5. Revival of property regime after JSP, FC Art. 141 cf. FC Arts. 67, 135, 142

6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property, FC Art. 142

cf. NCC Art. 196; FC Arts. 96, 124

I. Property Regime of Unions without Marriage

Review: FC Arts. 6, 35 (2), 35 (3), 35 (5), 36, 38, 53; 41, 44; 45
(Void and voidable marriages)

1. Unions under FC Art. 147, 6, 35, 36, 53, cf. NCC Art. 144

Valdes v. QC RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

29
 Carino v. Carino, G.R. No. 132539, February 3, 2001
San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Diño v. Diño, G.R. No. 178004, January 19, 2011
Salas, Jr., v. Aguila, G.R. No. 202370, Sept. 23 2013
Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20, 2014
Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

2. Unions under FC Art. 148, cf. FC Art. 50 in relation to FC Art. 49(2) and 50

Bienvenido v. CA, 237 SCRA 676

Agapay v. Agapay, 276 SCRA 340
Tumlos v. Sps. Fernandez, G.R. No. 137650, Apr. 12, 2000
Adriano v. CA, 328 SCRA 738
Malilin v. Castillo, 333 SCRA 628
Villanueva v. CA, 427 SCRA 439
Atienza v. De Castro, G.R. No. 1695698, Nov. 29, 2006
San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Heirs of Maramag v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 181132, June 5, 2009
Lacbayan v. Samoy, G.R. No. 165427, March 21, 2011
(see J. Brion’s Separate Opinion)
Go-Bangayan v. Bangayan, G.R. No. 201061, July 07, 2013
Lavadia v. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Tambuyat v. Tambuyat, G.R. No. 202805, March 23, 2015
In the matter of the Intestate Estate of Reynaldo Rodriguez v. Rodriguez, [Link].
G.R. No. 230404, January 31, 2018

J. Property Relations of Mixed Marriages

Borromeo v. Descallar, G.R. No. 159310, February 24, 2009

Cheeseman v. IAC, 193 SCRA 93
Matthews v. Taylor, G.R. No. 164584, June 22, 2009
Frenzel v. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Muller v. Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006
Beumer v. Amores, G.R. No. 195670, December 3, 2012
Fullido v. Grilli, G.R. No. 215014, February 29, 2016

X. FAMILY RELATIONS

A. What governs family relations, FC Art. 149,

1987 Constitution, Art. II, Sec. 12 and Art. XV, NCC Art. 220-221

B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes FC Arts. 150 - 151

NCC Art. 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC Arts. 20, 247, 332
Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104
Wainwright v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Magbaleta v. Gonong, 76 SCRA 511

30
 Tribiana v. Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004
Hiyas Savings v. Acuña, G.R. No. 154132, August 31, 2006
Heirs of Favis, Sr. v. Gonzales, et al., G.R. No. 185922, Jan. 15 2014

C. The Family Home

1. What constitutes the family home, FC Arts. 152, 156, 161

2. Who may constitute the family home, FC Arts.152, FC 161
3. When deemed constituted, FC Art. 153
4. When terminated, FC Art. 153 compare with FC Art. 159

Arriola v. Arriola, G.R. No. 177703, Jan. 28, 2008

5. Beneficiaries, FC Arts. 154, 158, 194-196, 199

Patricio v. Dario, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006

6. Exemptions, FC Arts. 155, 157, 160
7. When may be sold, FC Art. 158

Honrado v. CA, G.R. No. 166333, Nov. 25, 2005

Cabang v. Basay, G.R. No. 180587, March 20, 2009
Fortaleza v. Lapitan, G.R. No. 178288, August 15, 2012

8. Rights of creditors, FC Arts. 155, 160-162

Ramos v. Pangilinan, G.R. No. 185920, July 20, 2010

Equitable v. OJ Mark, G.R. No. 165950, August 11, 2010

De Mesa v. Acero, G.R. No. 185064, January 16, 2012

Eulogio v. Bell, G.R. No. 186322, July 08, 2015
Salazar v. Felias, G.R. No. 213972, February 05, 2018

XI. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concept of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC Art. 163

B. Legitimate children, FC Art. 164 cf. FC Art. 165 in rel to NCC Arts. 256-257, 166, 167,
169, 168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, “An Act Repealing the Crime of Premature
Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code,”
March 2015

Angeles v. Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363

1. Who are considered legitimate children

(a) Conceived during marriage cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3(dd), FC Art.
168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, “An Act Repealing the Crime of

31
 Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815, otherwise known
as The Revised Penal Code”, March 13, 2015

1. valid marriage

Arbolario v. CA, G.R. No. 129163, April 22, 2003

Continental Steel v. Montano, G.R. No. 182836, Oct. 13, 2009
SSS v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006

2. terminated marriage under FC Art. 42 in rel. to FC Art. 43(1)

3. void marriages under FC Arts. 53, 36

4. voidable marriages, FC Art. 45

Suntay v. Suntay, G.R. No. 132524, Dec. 29, 1998

(b) Born during marriage

(c) Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC Art. 40, FC Art. 164
(d) Adopted children
(e) Legitimated children

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC Arts. 173-174

NCC Arts. 364, 374, 376
NCC Arts. 888, 979

Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282

Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658
Republic v. CA, 300 SCRA 138
Heirs of Basbas v. Basbas, G.R. No. 188773, Sept. 10, 2014

C. Illegitimate children

1. Who are considered illegitimate (a) under NCC

(b) under FC Art. 165

Uy v. Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009

2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC Arts. 173, 172, 175-176

Osmeña de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil 222

Briones v. Miguel, 440 SCRA 455, October 18, 2004
Maramag v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 181132, June 5, 2009
De la Cruz v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Grande v. Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014
Barcolote v. Republic, G.R. No. 222095, August 07, 2017

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D. Action to impugn legitimacy

Reyes v. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

1. Grounds, FC Art. 166 (Memorize)

(a) Physical impossibility of access

Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165

Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Concepcion v. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005

(b) Biological or other scientific grounds

A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC (RULE ON DNA Evidence)

FC Arts. 170, 171

Agustin v. CA, 460 SCRA 315, June 15, 2005

Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, Dec. 17, 2007
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
People v. Corpuz, G.R. No. 208013, July 03, 2017

(c.) FC Art. 166(3)

2. Effect of a mother’s declaration, FC Art. 167

Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18

3. In subsequent marriages, FC Arts. 168, 169 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655,
“An Act Repealing the Crime of Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815,
otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code,” (March 2015)

4. Presumptions, FC Arts. 170, 171

5. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy, Art. 170

6. Who may impugn

Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468

Liyao, Jr. v. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563
Republic v. Magpayo, G.R. No. 189476, February 2, 2011
Geronimo v. Santos, G.R. No. 197099, Sept. 25, 2015

E. Proof of Filiation

1. Of legitimate children, FC Arts. 172-173

33
 Diaz v. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984
Tison v. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 582, July 31, 1997
Trinidad v. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
Heirs of Conti v. CA, G.R. No. 118464, December 21, 1998
De Jesus v. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Aguilar v. Siasat, G.R. No. 200169, January 28, 2015
Calimag v. Heirs of Macapaz, G.R. No. 191936, June 27, 2016

2. Of illegitimate children, FC Art. 175

Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 495

Heirs of Gabatan v. CA, G.R. No. 150206, March 13, 2009
Dela Cruz, et. al. v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, G.R. No. 172471, November 12, 2012
San Agustin v. Sales, G.R. N0. 189289, August 31, 2016
Barcelote v. Republic, G.R. No. 222095, August 7, 2017

3. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC Arts. 345

F. Legitimated Children

1. who may be legitimated, FC Art. 177, R.A. No. 9858

Abadilla v. Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447

2. How legitimation takes place, FC Arts. 178, 180

BBB v. AAA, G.R. No. 193225, February 9, 2015

3. Retroactivity and effects, FC Arts. 180-181

4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC Art.182

5. Rights of legitimated children, FC Art. 179

XII. ADOPTION R.A. No. 8552, Domestic Adoption Act

R.A. No. 8043, Law on Inter-Country Adoption
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. Rule on Adoption (Aug. 22, 2002)
R.A. No. 11222, “An Act Allowing the Rectification of Simulated
Birth Records and Prescribing Administrative Adoption
Proceedings for the Purpose” February 21, 2019

Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575

34
 Bartolome v. SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014
Oribello v. CA, G.R. No. 163504, Aug. 5, 2015

A. Requisites to be an adopter

1. Age and capacity required – Sec. 7

2. Husband and wife jointly – Sec. 7

In Re Petition for Adoption of Michelle Lim, G.R. No. 168992, May 21, 2009

3. Need for consent – Sec. 9

Landingin v. Republic, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006

4. Aliens as adopters – Sec. 7 (b)

Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9

B. Who may not adopt, Sec. 7

C. Who may be adopted, Sec. 8

D. Who may not be adopted

E. Effect of death, Sec. 13

F. Procedure in adoption
Republic Act No. 9253, March 12, 2009 – “An Act Requiring Certification of The
Department of Social Welfare And Development (DSWD) To Declare A "Child Legally
Available For Adoption" as a Prerequisite for Adoption Proceedings”
G. Effects of a decree of adoption

1. On status

Bagayas v. Bagayas, G.R. No. 187308, Sept. 18, 2013

2. On parental authority,

Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575

3. On hereditary rights, Sec. 18; FC Arts. 189-190;

P.D. No. 603, Art. 39
See: Balane, Ruben, Jottings in Succession,
[2006 ed.]

Bartolome vs. SSS, G.R. No. 19253, November 12, 2014

35
 4. On name

In the Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454 SCRA 541

5. Others, Sec. 13

H. Rescission of adoption, Sec. 19

Lahom v. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003

Bartolome v. SSS, G.R. No. 19253, November 12, 2014

I. Effects of rescission, Sec. 20

XIII. SUPPORT

A. What comprises support, FC Art. 194

B. Who are obliged to provide support, FC Arts. 195, 196

Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453

Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil 110
De Asis v. CA, G.R. No. 127578, Feb. 15, 1999
Rondina v. People, G.R. No. 179059, June 13, 2012
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, G.R. No. 172471, November 12, 2012

C. Source of support, FC Arts. 197-198, cf. FC Arts. 49, 70, 94, 121, 122

Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440

Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803

D. Order of support, FC Arts. 199, 200, 204

Mangonon v. CA, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006

Spouses Lim v. Lim, G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009

E. Manner and time of payment, FC Arts. 200-204

F. Amount of support, FC Arts. 200-208

G. Renunciation and Termination, NCC Art. 2035; FC Art. 194; NCC Art. 152

H. Support pendente lite, FC Art. 198; ROC, Rule 61

I. Procedure in applications for support, Rule 61

XIV. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

36
A. Concept of parental authority Art. II, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution
FC Art. 209, 211, NCC Arts. 356-363

Medina v. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969

Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980
In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus Of Minor Shang Ko Vingson v.
Cabcaban, UDK No. 14817, January 13, 2014
Caram v. Segui, G.R. No. 193652, Aug. 5, 2014
Mendez v. Shari’a District Court, G.R. No. 201614, January 12, 2016

B. Transfer of Parental Authority, FC Art. 210 cf. FC Arts. 223-224, 234, 217

Eslao v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 317

C. Who exercises Parental Authority, FC Arts. 211-213 cf. FC Art. 49, 102(6),
43(2), 63(2), 176. 49, 102 (6), 129 (9)

Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183

Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640 (1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
David v. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995
Tonog v. CA, 376 SCRA 642
Briones v. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto v. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005
Grande v. Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014
Bucal v. Bucal, G.R. No. 206957, June 17, 2015,

D. Substitute Parental Authority FC Arts. 214-216, 233; R.A. No. 10165

(Foster Care Act of 2012), Secs. 6 & 7

Vancil v. Belmes, 358 SCRA 707

E. Special PA FC Arts. 218-219, FC Art. 233 cf. FC Art. 221 in rel. to NCC Art.
2180; FC 236
Cybercrime Prevention Act, R.A. No. 10175, September 12, 2012

St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363, Feb. 6, 2002

Child Learning Centre v. Tagario, G.R. No. 150920, Nov. 25, 2005
School of the Holy Spirit v. Taguiam, G.R. No. 165565, July 14, 2008
Aquinas School v. Inton, G.R. No. 184202, January 26, 2011

F. Filial privilege FC Art. 215; ROC, Rule 130 Sec. 25 cf. Secs. 22 & 23

Lee v. CA, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

G. Effects of PA over the child’s person, FC Arts. 220-222; 223-224

37
 Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160

H. Effects of PA over the child’s property,

FC Arts. 225-227, R.A. No. 9231, Secs. 12-B and 12-C

Hebron v. Loyola, G.R. No. 168960, July 5, 2010

I. Suspension or termination of PA

1. permanent termination, FC Arts. 228, 232, cf. R.A. No. 6809

2. non-permanent termination, FC Arts. 229 cf. FC Art.193

Secs. 16 and 19, R.A. No. 8552 re: parental authority and revocation of adoption

3. suspension of PA, FC Arts. 231-230, 233

Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791

De Guzman v. Perez, 496 SCRA 474

4. revival

See: R.A. No. 8369, “An Act Establishing Family Courts, Granting Them
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family Cases.”

See: R.A. No. 7610, “Child Abuse Act”

XV. EMANCIPATION R.A. No. 6809

A. Cause of emancipation, FC Art. 234 as amended

B. Effect of emancipation, FC Art. 236 as amended

cf. FC 15, NCC 2180

XVI. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER FC

Arts. 238-253, 100(2), 127(2), 41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124, 217, 225

XVII. CARE AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

NCC 356-363, FC 213

XVIII. SURNAMES

NCC Arts. 364-380; R.A. No. 6085 – Regulating the use of aliases, August 4, 1969
R.A. No. 9255 “An Act Allowing Illegitimate Children to Use Surname of their Father”;
FC Art. 176

38
 Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29
Telmo v. Republic, 73 SCRA 29
Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479
In Re: Petition for Change of Name, Julian Lin Carulasan Wang,
G.R. No. 159966, March 30, 2005
Gonzaludo v. People, G.R. No. 150910, February 6, 2006
Dapar v. Biascan, 439 SCRA 179

XIX. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT

NCC Arts. 381-383, 384-389; FC Arts. 96, 101, 124

NCC Arts. 390-396, FC Art. 41

Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65

Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Manuel v. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005

XX. FUNERALS NCC Art. 305-310; FC Arts. 194-195

Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425

Valino v. Adriano, GR 182894, April 22, 2014

XXI. ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER

NCC Arts. 407-413; ROC, Rule 108

R.A. No. 9048, as amended by R.A. No. 10172

Barretto v. Local Civil Registrar, 74 SCRA 257

Republic v. Valencia, G.R. No. L-32181, March 5, 1986
Republic v. Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, 168 SCRA 294
Leonor v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 69
Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12, 2008
Dela Cruz v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Braza v. City Civil Registrar of Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental,
G.R. No. 181174, December 4, 2009
Baldos v. CA, G.R. No. 170645, July 9, 2010
Republic v. Magpayo, G.R. No. 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
Iwasawa v. Gangan, G.R. No. 204169, Sept. 11, 2013
Republic v. Olaybar, G.R. No. 189538, February 10, 2014
Onde v. Office of LCR, G.R. No. 197174, September 10, 2014
Republic v. De la Vega, G.R. No. 195873, February 23, 2015
Almojuela v. Republic, G.R. No. 211724, August 24, 2016
Republic v. Sali, G.R. No. 206023, April 3, 2017
Barcelote v. Republic, G.R. No. 222095, August 7, 2017

39