One Dimensionod tlenet

Solion 4D SARS
Stes mastt* of a Boy lent 21
The tesm used to debe the mat elateon bth fea &
dsplamendTh term ts used ogorl of ppl:cation The matrt
elation bat tep d heat flux IS also called s t i s matta,
Therye are twO ypey stines mattx ( the finte elent
analyss, ., the elemed stithes matt coruponca to an tnddal
element na stuctuse lcantaemand gtobal sgiaessmatte rpad
do the eafe soucturse fCoyinun
d all elenental s4inemarisas The follnotng asenblagysumtn
heeh S tu
method an be
ued to detve the stitress metrix
1) Deet method
Jn this method, lement propettes are ootainaot by irt
ierpetaten d phytcad structuye by baing kgsngt the bat'e
the meehant matetal. Due to vaious limitatten
Invcved tn the physicalirpretates, te we dthis msthod s limte
elemet:
to simolk type
2) vadional muthad
Ia this nethod, elemet poperties ont obtainad by plyng
yasiadion pinetpu o4 calcules vatatlor.1t wes the ptnciple
minimun poteatial ergy
3) Asegted edual mathod
Th his method lemetproperts tained livetty tro
the
<fhe ditfent eeghte maual pconae Galekin
buthad, &least squary methad Can be wed in desvtng tthe alemed
equattons.
Direet Mehod

ghs cuaifom psmattc barod length

bora ngth ith youngs aad
E & onoss seattonal aea tA 4 ned at onee gtjacted to an
load F at the other end. hes psnadic elattr bar Can bemoeleled
FEM uung l-obarelement havtnay otonedes i42as ha ing,
Lat a be the nodal :splacamet at nele1 & ybe he nodl
isplamen at node 2 F, m the no dal f@s atthe
E
epeeive nodes then tthe eg d equilbriun for t e bar demet
Can be epesed a

Ku k

hene k, k2 Kztk2 enenon au the stfnest Coecient

ne

& -the alues o the stllrs coedecient car be oetermtnecl

by esng the basic dyfinition o sttfss inllena Coefciant,
The stitfnes nflence coeticat kij s
nacdeal s node: to pduce a ntt yplacamnt ot nodej
shla ll othet nodes estraineo
hocle
Ki, ts the fore per unt olefle etton at

32 foree6 is the tnebuced at the node 1 fhen clectton

U at hode :s 7ven by.
loy
Ae Ee
AeGe
at neo 2 is
Ae Ee
-fle fL k
= K)
Re
Aebe )
FouA
Simlay Ae can btatn k & ki equal to Ae Ee Ae Ee
by applyng wnt ds placens at le Re
node2 a node sa frat
2

kiz] AeEe
K= K Kz AeE
AEe
tgttes tttnatsati
 CSing prtn ceple o winimn PE
Let be tthe nodat isp laeemet at nods &u, bet noda
dsplacanntat aoele 2, t Fi r-the nodal forces ot the
mekpeee nody thes the PE tnet tenal the bor element
q iven by
by
7=SEt P
2

VT AE

Asene a poynomtak dieplaeneg finetion

wheh shad satnty me feaatag bondey cmltion

Subrtutng

tegrating &suestttng limts o 4 h we

2.
TT= AE

AE

ninimiz tug the PEnetienal < tend tion for teninimigatorn at

0
 2
u-2u,]- fi
24
AE
Ac [244-24]-f =o

whe k] Is the stnes matri for the bar elemet

Global sifness matta

no. o element Ther
Astrueture s/n s an asemtslag
eleme ae tertoneettd togethy t form the Ashol scrute.
matri2s n asenbly l elemntal
Globad sHnen
syMemat'c
Congicbra stepped bar fixed at thet
one end subjeeted to laad r t
A,E ther end as shewn tn This sepp
bay tan be mnodelad asinte eleet
3
model by wng tO Lp bay elemnt
as shon in

the plemental giHney matrn dor bar elemt

*givn by
Aebe
he
 Gobad s s anatin ti
25

k=
2

AE

Popanties o stitnes matx

The st ifnus matx S an nhd opesttte strutre,
omry Charactet stics afnte elenent one bebodd
The , Thumt erege TeYYStee
elenent ifaess atyia
elm tochange hs subetedto eetenalnleeg he
Prpetes sifes matrin on,
is a symnetric mat:
'stiness matri
e fEA s a b andeo
2) stiHness mtix obtaneoin
no, f ocey then gobal s matia
romviled elemend is io sdot t eash nocte
elen ae alvaystVe.
4)T meln dagon' hot fereNentedthen titnet mat
br
-. Sudickenct boncany londifisns have fo
becomes singar.
pplied to emove
 Bonday Conolony
Methods od Horll'ny h lmposed inthe
n to
.Thoj2
The bonday ttion of siary
avoL the conal neludad n
StHres matia to nles cuppot
Conditnz
conditog ane
m
Can not be o bta:ned uthe noces o+ the
the stress matn Hhis is lbecause displacenent veetor , the
cleded in
Suctum ane dDdog (n Singuloy 4 cannot be Jo eg the
S4ithes matix becomu si loady
cant esist the applieo
Sctune is n¡t
suppteal
thu bocndy Condtio
Cannot be achieveod
ahievel citt
A sol ntroduceol.
kaown displaceneat) are
Brunday Condtony "knimatic
Geometc boundany Condtions: hich eImporcd
4. Essetial ar displacemet
primany vayiable ttke,
on the
Natural o foree B. cs
"Static hieh an tmposed onthe.
2
foru, tractien &momet ete
&
seconclay vayialL like handing Bc; aneafa
mofhod f
The mos Commoy wed
tlimination nthod
2) Penathy mthod.
Randiig Boundo Condtion
Eliointion Method o
ths method fter appytng tc C knonn ralan falt
in Comeponoliy to the ron
vorals), the we the column
nod)seliminated
vale , ld vafiade (displaceat af
formtotad PEfuntional fora bodyes
<Tbegal
TT = SE + WP

IF} the gldal foca vetar

 Diteretatieg
&rt
3 2 t
ts minini
>T sation Conalition
for
et e AD tig.
egin Subti &,a, be Bthe Let
.9,8,] -
2
gn
by bod,u fenetionad
ater Total
PE
Kgi
k meti
ki ki2 Ku
Stnus
modol FE steppd
boy
3
(2 2
27 ghon
emnts
y bar D lod demo sber
this hon
nfig ghon
et ng aybar stepped
ds
 28

5(za, ktit 29, k2 t 28,k, )-Fz 50

Ki
Lf3 -a, ki
Thus
atter tngimnetion method ef handl lng Bc's for ,ra,
value o feld voriable ie, dsplace ment at noda
CRna ot hand tag Bcs,the ow olaa
Thene fore tn eliminaten methed
Themfo value feld voable (ctsplacemst
Comrupanding to the knon elote.
elimiaated
at node)is to be
Prooiqshoros a one dimusional bur Subieeted to
do an aaial leodng.
Takay t a a syte ba cemt, datsmtne ( Nodal displbct
shes in caeh eement and) Reation at te Sppet.
200GPa A=loamn 2(x
olmm

1okN

Lo00m
metr
n fey obar elant
Element st:Prss m
K

clenents
2X10
k,
Globl stiHns motrin lka k, l02 -2
-2 2
Glo bal nodal dispacenent veestor
29
Glotoal load ve ctox
F=

Equdieyitum Condtion
dor the bar 3'venby

Appy Boudony Concdtn

om fy gct 9,0 Ctied ead) ytny elimination
column wt
hendling Bc), elimeating, corsponding r
2yno3,:
vectot is
. . Tha nodal d:splocamud

Stes in eaeh e lemei elent tsgiven by

Shes tn iD bay

:) Reation at suppot
neaetion ct the

N
 veetor load Global
displacemend
veetor nodal Global
D3 -0.3
q,
-o3 o-84 -o"S6
metr s:frs Global
200x(o* x0 k,
-03 6o3 2Csteal) elemet fes
-
-S6 -0-s6 300 = k
alaminiun) elent for
9,4-6lobal
DoF
- Ke et s:fne Element
model Ft
A,oomm
-sfee
2 eah sfex the Alumitm
tn Cipleents
oreg aotin &)
e matetal
odad
rmrQothe tn so applied
as PE20xo
is N 30
Loa qntal Anfq. shonn
ia chas lbay theCondider Psb
 EqulbYun Condtton
31
Sost -o-S6
-0-S6 0-86 200Xio
-03

Applying Bouday adtion

B

S"6
-S.6 3-6
-3

8-69, =2
9, =0.23256 my

No dad d'splacemet veetrr sat-o. o-3o56,o}'m

stres in caeh Matetal Celemet)
shey tnbar
clemut genye
3o0

2
6= 2xo

Roastton forees
Reacton forcs at he Support
R,=[J{9}-F}
 (R)
32 R

S"6 -S-6
-

-S.6 S6 -3
-3 3

s S69, -S.64, 03
S-s6t, e8.6, -3,
-3

R S69, - S.64,
- S6xo.23266
-l3023 N

Ks-69, 486,% -2
8-64, = 2.6 xo·23256 = 2N

K,(s-69. - S:69,- o%)o -S-6 xro -sk Xo2325Do

3
- 130.2336x oN
a -39, xeo

= -69.768x10N

nodal uplacamut 4 stegpeal bar shonon in g

E200 pa F=0 k
E,=o Gta 2 feSkw
F A
 f
33

)Elemtal ti s mabt
Aitlaues matin for bag glemis s giea by
ke Ae E

for elens 0.6x1o

6 lo.6 -0-G3
lo

3
2 |00 X70X(o

Globa SAfrs matin

-66
6
t0-0.6 b74 -o-l4t

Global nedal displacamend vector

foas! vecto F:

Equdbrim .Condtin
6
fo.6-o6
0-4
 'ing, elimiaet0n
Apy BC end) s
?,10 (xed conipenalng ttolamn
34 method, efminagin the

Sinplifeeotton
t-8-333 x0
o-o 2738ó'y

ment vector -o, -833 o 7a

"he nodal displace
Ftnd nodal dplacannt stes en the thictest seetton e
Rrob:
reastion for
f stuctur shon in fg.
lett supp
4domm
et 200 m
104pa 200Gpa
tokw
20KN

olenent St:Hy matris

900x10xo 1-8151-8s
elameI [k] go -157-91f
90 4.667 4-667J
200 X o0x(0
fo elemt3
3
9-875 -T-875 4
-7-875 12s42 h667
-A"47 to38| -ST4
 Equl brum Condtion
35
-7 1S 12s42 -4:667 20xt0
- 4-667 io-38| -[Link]

Apelying BC
om fe Bciarm 9.:%.:0 CHixed enda) Ustng elimaon
nethsd o hardng sc, lintnatng cmapnog
|12s42 -4-661|
-4-667 lo-381
Simplifecad'on hare
h00234smm 0 o2017
T

no dad alisplaemntt Sa}- fo,o-02345, o-o20n,oB n

Stres t thitest section
dia thzbeyt feetion s elemen I

Shes in

20-SL87hg2

Reaetion at uppont
7-875-7-87s
o
lo
-7-85 12-s42 -4667 |0-0234s
-d.667 lo-381 S14 lo0207
Rs
Ru

hupprt veacsisn Ry-I8 467Xo'

Loft
Prob: 4 bar is haring cenito cls
a load P= Goo kw
P= ig .e Dterme the splaleme
dield6shey sup potiiaetten ta th bar. Congioles toó elemeg
ue elimnation method to handle sc'[Link] E=200 4a
-300 mm

k, : 3o0X 200 XLO

elemt 2
F2 e
2 K

clol ore yecter Jf- ka )

maimum dsplaceamet at nodeI 3-0.2ay

tyuditbyian Conolon

-4
-4
- k33

cfmedend) 012
(2 mm. gelim
methsd hanollgEc's, eliminathg Corespondig oosg olumn
 Feralty ehet tôndlng Eouchoy Conclto FEM...
01

Consicley at one end and haring Singh dof

bay dined at
jn the penalty medhod ef handtg Ec . o spotag otha
mode the Suppot. tn his case tre
end of the Sptng is diplaced by on
tn fi9. The olisplaameny s, log doftU be posinat
esisfaneoed
ely equal oa,. thé relodively snll
by ethe stuet. Conseg untty ipr?
the het edens ton o the
Is equal to (& mai). Thu straln eneg tn the Spgtngis qea i
SEsptaycs,-a)
to te tethtotalp[
tehetetaPE.
Contrebutes
Th: s fsatn erergy
TT-4<'kG+<(s,-ay'-sF
minini2ation adion T Can be camedot by seting

g udiny nte elmend agtuaiong

kio
(f+Ca,)
KutC Kn Ki3
K2i Ki
Ky3 K3n
K3
Knz Kns
e seete oaly
that medifcationg lo hanclle,
nunbey stitthes gett addeel on to he
Her
ane hat a
diagonas elend k. and that car t.
egy:elde he alisplacemend the
vectofore9. exerted
Sol ot above aquals
The eactton toree at node
Spring on the strectue
 Besid on thvoe
the satisfatory egults found fom thveret,
Conputer analyst, Calu is taken aay
C= Max|K: xot
This valu s added to coespenaling co etficets
the stifes masti Fer eranple id noele s 43
Is addod to K, o Kr 1R kutc and kigtC

Pros: ustng penalt method af handling Be detemie

nodad l:splacement Stey in each elenet Asuppottact
Hhe bar shoon In fg de to pplied foru Ptoo KN
Take EMeel= 20o Pa,
-steel
Eeu = l00 Gpa
(oypor
iookN
A(Go) 2827-4,3m
A ca)'-(2s6.631

Elemes4ines matrin ika- ete -

-7 [-068 -068
200Xox g2143
Aor elemen k
-7.06% 7068

lemnt2 2-513 -2S13

|-2-513 2.i3
[Link] stihes matin [KT= [K]+ K]
 7-o68 -7-068

-7. 068 -2S13

-2-S13 2-S3 03

Equdibycun (Ondition CKT{s}= (rt

-7.068 -s3

-2-S13 2-5I31,.

Applying Bc fron fig 9.=1,:6. vsng penalty methol

Matn
from stnesmati* Max valein sti

4
[Link]
9s81xtol7
hehocley a
This yalu LS ousoled to the ku f kg

Aiad
9S811-o6 -7.6Gg a,0
-2s13 toox (0
-7-0 68
lo
4802:SI

27377Xo-6
9, =7 G99Xo 6 , =0 (044m ,
xo
S=} 7-6196 o.1o44, 2-7377
Stoess
 stes o cacs elemen

04

|2137x0

-20.8 B79mPa
Sippt eactt ong
fe -c C-a:)

--73769.R6N

-6
-958ix\0 (2i7377 MO -o)
= -26 229-9N

Bars wth vanytng cos sectton

pos; etésnine thi nodal. displa cemend, stesin eash eemt

eadion at
and eaotton he fied suppot for the thin plate
shon tn fig. TakeE:2ea
uniforn 16-6 kuö6 nm!, 1a adtiog
dety he plade
subjectea to a point loac dcoon at
tts d point. odel th plate nth to bar elenenti,

30ms
Goma

20m 240m
 plate
2

2S2-S m
05
2

thu elemerd 2 kf+30 - 375m

Av9 2

S2-s mm
A, =
Ayea of elemend s A,= W, xt =S2-5x

2
elemet
delsmodeledas 26 ste$ped ba
The Mo

A
A
37S
S2S A, 37-5 mm
2.

Elemend stir matsix fo-875 -6.375|

For element ke S2- x 200>
o 81s|2
-o-875
2
[o-625 -0-625|2
x 2oOX o
Foy elaes 2 , K,= 375
20 -o-62s 0.62s|3

Gloloal stitnes mctoi 2

lo815 -0-875

K= t s -o-62g2
-0-625 o.6253

veotor

dor elemt2
 Gobl Load vectr
Add pod
0¬ o-241
oloI12-+ loo :043 2

o.|72
lo.i72

Equdibriun onetbo fk+ís}-{E}

e-875 -o815 ) (a
-0-875 -0-65 1
.(72
-0-62S o.625

Appytng Sencan cnton

Celuns wt 9, o
comipondig o
eliminatng. the
o.63 92
los
|-o-63 6s|1.7

each elennt
Stey
120

tor lment 2.
t20

reacon
uppot {R}-*J{9}-FJ (-too:7)
Ri) o24
to0"13 2

- o.615 o-6*1-2xo) lo.12)?

Prol: uS ing to loar lemes, dino the stre distibuon ina
tenitomy tapertng bay of GiTeas cle aea 3cm? 2Cm
ntal tensiaond
thety end, ungth subieated to
adined a i te larzer end. Tata
d sON at the Smalley
value E 2xro N m
A,=2cm
Ana at nodA)=. 2

A, =3en
Anea f elened,= A.t 2

27m

elamet 2,a, = z t t 2

t lemen sti4s mati lo

For elemnt s [K]= So

2 25 x2X|D
3
Fer
2

Global sti as atin 20

3
Lo

2099,

method elininte ofoun

BCng eliination
App lytng
Lot to 9 0
 Global Nodad displace mentyetor
f o , 4-shsxio',-o| Xr67
Stey :n ea ch elomen
elamend 1, o,: So

for olnt 2 , 2xo 02222

eperatut Ekects
Le AT be the temmp & abe the coedfe cingthea!
:se en
veton 'ou to ise in femp
epanion tence tthe nodal fore
1g the membes is given by
AT=Temp

Theynal stes s 2iven by

- EdAT

Pobi An aid load P= 3e0 xo's

3
aypplied ad 2o'tto the
ad as shosn o 4g. Thu lemp is hen raiudto 60
ASSembu the loodvectrfr
thanodpl displacements a elemut strse
900mm
2
E, 70Xo' n E: 200 xeo?

2
AT=6o -20 4oc
[3s -3s
q00 X 70x10
tlemeng stitnes matrin k7e 2o6

1200 X 206 X(o

i Lo -8]'
2

300