Endocrine System - Short Notes
Introduction
System of glands that secrete hormones directly into blood
Regulates growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis
Major Endocrine Glands & Hormones
Pituitary Gland (Master gland)
Growth hormone (GH) – body growth
TSH – stimulates thyroid
ACTH – stimulates adrenal cortex
FSH, LH – reproductive functions
Thyroid Gland
Thyroxine – controls metabolism
Calcitonin – regulates calcium levels
Parathyroid Glands
Parathormone – increases blood calcium
Adrenal Glands
Adrenaline – “fight or flight” response
Cortisol – stress regulation, metabolism
Aldosterone – controls salt & water balance
Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
Insulin – lowers blood sugar
Glucagon – raises blood sugar
Gonads
Testes: Testosterone – male traits, sperm production
Ovaries: Estrogen & Progesterone – female traits, menstrual cycle
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Pineal Gland
Melatonin – regulates sleep cycle
Key Functions
Maintains homeostasis
Controls growth and development
Regulates metabolism and energy
Influences mood and behavior
Coordinates reproduction
Summary:
The endocrine system is a network of glands producing hormones that control and coordinate vital body
functions, ensuring stability and balance.
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