Data

msddAe -I

ULtepiexi deuAanesw
hat
alLow a
tech*gUes
set e

orsrmission k ULPe segrale

aceso a
ing
nueltepfe &oUme
edate Lerk. ie

e n s a

he LancduuokA
Cennre c t e - {
Nutt badueett
eesl h e ofeance
HE
wased.

t y i b a n / u i e l s A
PPe

d achiared udnf a levace eaUeel

utpieen'

nwtiptexes MUX)hat
cernbinet n irp
A
ano

e c e e e
end a ream
Rhe
demutpResca(bEMUX) whicA s p a r n f a

Componan ( ne a rman

beelk uA a
strea

nputi
Jek,n chanhel

mu tèpier
Thne

Ara Preveny b<VasAon mutPtexig (FDM))

uwaelergh DN)
Diget ) Tine (TDM)

reqUency Divisia watpi

4PPred

t t e

wher h e hareusott o a t (is heA)

AFPAie
cerbined endurolte o
 Delo
Page:-
olence
sigrrou genete-l ea
uUenceer nas

nroedu e t e e l 2 a l P aeAAen C o n Uneo

a Con
dengle eerpeacte g n a

Suselenole
The aLmA 6t
beeruich slitterent g S e n
Chenel aiel albrale alitte t ofnie4.
Hem
ang r e nroluetron kech qUe
aignat are tanemitte n kuencq b>r

om àCentoeite,
Kaslib BaaPeai* Tv ne-tt .

Zz.

Diai mwitipteir DM)

2 avelëngt
Samee os FoM except a t ePtieaf s i g n a a
rargritted &heugh *ha 6itre oPEC otte.

desia o uie the high date rate capebility

r e optee caLte.
epca gra m eigteret some a
Cemlneel

uth *he e t nwittpteer.

A &he ceinn a | aiems prexes separa

he gras transmit Rhem to

e c t i e Meatinaty
MURLPtexi P dema&Pecan achieree
Prdm.
 Date

cbr efte
CaLf
d
da
muplexe DemAApkera

APpLicatm; SoNET netunK

) Time Deisio muLtipke ains (TD)

a Rigilal mutip Rering 6r combining

Leu -rate chonnes to. Ce hgh rate Chonnat,

Teta ime in e aasnPi4 aistrki ed

amoA ikberent cenecteon eae Pottm

cCpias a pmtto e ink.

Tuo P TDM

Stnchrpneu TDH

Time slot PreasS ned eer olence,

'*rrespeke t he et hat me oleice c o t a i n g

9 olence elsesn t n hore ar

olata

f
Siznats ar sent n ta
om o ame S
Teme &et ae
argane Zed in e kom E
Yamet, 9k a
ole e oleent have data {r
tcUias
wiu be transmetteel
 Dalo
Page
Tha

MUX

2 A&nconeu
TDM Statdtecaf TDM
hese
are aUotateo
Tme sek
dences Leicl hor

Teme dlet A altnamiea allwattd

RAe bareluioth
e elevn ces,ko i p r r e
ehien 6
he elence h a s olata *0 sen

Rhae
herher erni aemCes , AL-en

e e ke
w w be m *ime A e t ( m < n

n' m e so-f jen TDM.

MUY
 Dake

ASgnckrri TpH

EP2 BABD
MUX
B D E
ChIrret
TEA

SPreast &prctrum
whech a

Speefrum i a mettod b
Spreiol bercluicth
with a p o i c w s r nid
gnat gneted
A e kregvenc mair, 7eeUkis

wi a wiole baraluuo
grt
wirelata aPPAication(
ANk f HANST
sed

Perra sprnd Spectrum (FHSS)

) Fregver
uses M Aiteren 6 uencies
ke chruque
hat ae meduoteel he graf,
At oe memerdf, h
h e e x f nzamart, nieeulole
carmar 6 u e n i et
anefa carie trun

The Banduunolta e soure a t t e s P r e s c l i r

i4Bfnss B
APrAeton; used miuttar S-mce
3

2) Dirct sesuene SPread Spe chum[bC

n bt,

Cale chip uher cheP t e n ie

he late ap
 a l s o calkd a spreaolsng DaloL
Chap
deuence bet
nmainy use
nterherende eeconmhuuricatton,
cen claseegiecl

u i d K e bard spres Specfa

APpLietios ued vn LN echnetY

TranPmisPion media

uohecn
i he chhaAnel e

ata e enm e PLoce aneth

PiRce. è-e t r a Pomisdesr meclia

EJwEronsnete anel e eceives,

Trendmidk meolia

UTLuole (uirel) ugueteal ( u r e f a

Twite Coarinf
Pair calle Cete f o r e coLde

T i o l e a l meslia

alst Calied as Leurdeel or werrol

meslia
Signal ban ranpmitteo e lireate

Cortined in a
ner wpatwa L ueng
Phyueaf tinkA.

fe-tures-
Secure, used or shata alistante
igh Sp*
 0ate

Thee maj 6 9uuoeot meetie

) Tuisped pair catte (TP

conist o 2 Parte reunte Cnelr4ar

Lenres UAwno) aleuf each etes.

Twife paeY tu Pe
a urehialAd Tuisteot Rae

This ape et cade had abiity beoeK

t e e n e f olaesn't odepenol cmphyieaf

h i e l or i i PUrpede
usro n eiepoene

Avertgs-
Leest expensive, Hexute, e a y to

bShialtec Tuisted Pair Caste i-

Cofe Ceneist ot a p e c i a f jocket

extemef intetererce.
seelin 6 t sota ehamet.

Advartage bisao
fae, Epegëra

CepPR
9nuLaAon
PLade etaf

Ceve Shief

i )ecDAriof eoLte

caried segnal hgh bregn ten TPc

 Dato
Page
94 hos o eut peastec Covery 2 poada}

Corelafoa eneh horn)

Potecion c e
noede
h e eut melauc urPpirg uelcds
conelvte
e coof

Cenpiefing eireuet

gne
Corelutor

9ngULator
PLoskëc
Cove

i) etptico fire
de

signa m o ight.|
Ahe

T f InteroP K-tteti a h chrneß.

V@riou me

Sogte rU emole

sete

r a l e o / 9nolas

Sengle macle Febr

9 t uses s4ep- index be a a
high
6ousef *e
o ght aimitinga eann

CLese honeontat.
m a Y oleamafe Rowe

olensit.
 Date
Paye
muetimede Step-
Drdex fiba
b) Canstant
Cere emane

DentY
Conteto eslges
changes
CAuee TIR.
SLeclden
hos more aistarton
9t

uLtmeele u7raded-cdee Fba

he oistrtton o 9map
Cafe

et
ho Vet e t } , highest
St
eleceoges

Ssle maole mu mede mu emeo*

StP snae

Drde

Se te
Seute

D e s t o r s f t o Detinetio
LLL
Detérofio

Cade Cepeaitcn

prastte

speceal
Core
Aeagrr JaekeF
cladii
u t a jaeket
 Dato
-

Aclvatag *pticn feere

e t e resislart, hoing hghe
Lonelweolt* ane les4 afeaua-ém

Diarodvantagel i

penseve olue Voy precise m o n u t a a f u r f

to

Gnsfaelattem is olikticURE n o P meP erO

bok.
9 3e o
31 con be esisn

2wauisa
meslia ( wie len)

randmesr mealia
wrb ownolel

o e
NO phtarcofmesilun repuoeel
animik-em e6edéchrraghéAte s a n a P

featrs
The e g r t bma-lCa h u8h air
Leg4 SeC e

sed orLora olidlances.

ansmetf@
*Pe egrals
Ther a r e h r e
wnguLseel meetia ;

Raiewores
Thse ae ea * geneRt f con peretmte

hrugh buidings
The 3enclr + ececrf atennal neel nsf

be aignael

HegunA Koe 3 kH2 - 2UTHZ

APPAeaton AMf FM v
frthar ct 2e as
Terrestriat 6) Sateuite
 Dats
page

r a n s naission i.
a lune gha
94 aneva nee to
onel e Ceerur7
senduf
wt eaeh e t h e
be aligned

ousace
Cereree Ly
Te

Prrtpotienaf
t3 e haght ot
lirecf
anena,

Kara UnH- 30 7 f2
resueh cormmunecefon

en
mebele Phae
uReol
APplCetton
2elevisio
olestmhL om

9ntare :
uLed
w e Nef re m a v
3ntrezed Cem LineCateon .

hsrt olisfance

ostaeles, L i
T Cont Renetrate

Preyen infe\eence etween yteMs,

35 H2- T THz
HeueH Roe
Appucatm: u s e TV r e r e t e , uirelea
meuse, Kayb6aro, Prrter e t

Telephene N e u f

LATA (Locaf 4eeas Tanspot Ara

*D a
LATA US £erm t e t ex
One a>
r P h a c p3eon a a a
Cemmur ofron

telephene Cempanies kr p a r t o l i r
sevica,

A mall 2 t mad have a single tATA

a ae emo ha sewe ATAS
 Dato
grtraE
LATA Seice
A Cennecteen betueen &uw elephme
Cempaniel Lethen he2orme TEAon

eeimd a a intralATA.

rtoa -ATAserices a e proies z loof

etehange aarien [lEC)

LECSs

Competite
9ncunmbent

9 n E ATA Services

CArrre in [Link] Caleo!

ter-ATA , ushich dome

dience ReTNce.

Ho *e taexcharr c a r d e s (JXEs)

Digctaf Subrcriber Lne (Ds 9

aCemmminn@atta meeium, k i c h
DSU
wseo o hansta interet gh cotpo

eUire efecemm Lericatin ine.

Alomg wrth e cale ikemet, DS m ot

e nmast pepuea u I s P s Pmite brsaedbaned

i t e r m e t servicas.

9 t aim is t maùtain h e hèg peas

ek h e intnmet Leog ranaketo

we Can acheeve Lem elePhone

beth L usin Spmettex

DSL iter<,
The ue t Spit pat h guany

make s u r h a t hey cant get v t e r r p t

 K Date

Page
DsL
nmmetmc DSL

- 3 S p e t t 7 {he upstveom aleunstreann

eu eveny Proviolins u 4peesls
a lewnipeolir
dofa Lran*e.

) Assyetic DSL

parielee4

le ndtreM uohich etters e v e f ime

a s t e l e u u n doaslin

Benes o t DSL

Noettec Wer7 elepe-lne ursi

> codt tkecim
s e s con ese LeAelepbere and ntemef

Lera ème,

Signasia Syate. 7(SS 7.

A P toueP useel h e pubtic uiteheed

Lelephae AYatemfor s e t t a ca
erVrces
untan Prmoling
The S S 7 nefrdork8e p ael e albun

call, h o n ke4 ad eutin efe casA0M,

9t suPpe a Leepony e r Ces &uch a

numbex Cad rwa An7 Ceae

and oea! Prta ety naunnber(LNP)

S S detine khe netwsrtk rThate cHwe,

Cenkigurateo messag transpot pretoc

6aPubuc Laephne netweK(PTN)
 Dalo
Pago
SS 7 was omginoy dedigre ol d cle

eecerrrenication community f R t
Petes 2imetateo authertieatian i i t t a s .

MODE a
msdU LotoY- olemasULoto aemf

hat=ltuee oleréc
meelem is 2
dala m e
igetaf gomaf
uAtt
CommaunCatto betwween o e i c e s

pecialezed wein One uitaLfe

laptrme ines aaio,

CArrea
mare
maelULae one
A eden
wee gna a e n v e a e sigttaf intrnat0

olecote he anmitted

Padure a signa haA

Le r e n s m t e s essi f decsolee r e i a t y
h e org af a l a t a .

meolem sanoare

)V32
Prvide
er aefecftmn

Dafa te : 96 0 bPS
RaudTate 24oD baus

2 V 3 2 bis
An amPoreel veeon et V 32

baus
2 tu
 Date
Page

fi) V3 960
vles a
t te 2 8 8 o^ype4
P
Conteatien p. a
t fe 96
Póint
33,66 bR 6 6h p o i t . c m s - f e e L a t n ,

iv V90
Asdrnatie

uP4reem 33 6 LPsS
Douhdbrea 53 kPE

V.92
upteam
 Camlin age B
Date 28 J2 12020
Suitching
Swiching
etomattren rem erne nattunrk' tu anbthe ne onK
Suuneeheg in
ComPuAa neiurrK i achiaeel Suleteheg,
JOi
muLtple
=
compLiteX togethas wepin cne Locaf, Atea
NetuK LAN),
NetuvoK Suiedhesi operatea bA inR "Laye in osI
nrotel
SUtehe a r e wve o oruard he paÇketr
bareof on
MAC addestes

Suueteke e
epeja-tel 6ULl olispiex 2se.
PRCket cpilision iL, L i e t Ceymuni-

E oloesnt b>saolcat e mesda aR Lt woke

imitedbaelut

Suitching

cireoie Pket
Swisch Sweechinr

Vertiaf Dat
cirCut ,

Cirust SUitehin9 Cemneeteo _ mon

elaploe
elepshone e x c k p

M )
(
O-
A

Tetephone
perator
 Phytaicof oAE
useel nouacla
Camlin Page 32
Date

Seppee pera A Wart COm moracae

Pereo B'
e kelephome
elophme
Opertor.
Lelel merag hat

B Baduuideh etr channef

NO Hep r e hep
Le aeh HoP
V Veferity eb s g n a
me Laen in erter
mess4 Sze M m he Slote A
Staton
Tet Time= Setup teme etecA Tt p+eadu
Time the

Tetel Tame Setup ime + M + X: Tp PURL

doun
B V

Oheaslea eguuire scorie.

No reeroler done 9 No Sesvence no ar
reuied.
e e n t i data w i ollbu e same enti
Path
messege u i d be B t 2n oe go.

Gemase

circui suitcrirg kechnique eperate n t h boleuuirg

three phaies ;
)EtaLisu a cincuit

2) Translerr e ata

8piacurec ciocut

)Eaabistr ciyCUit

A estabLishec bewean *he tue eno.

Circut Preioe a oleclicatedl paA tor t a t e

travel pem ene to he ether
 Camin Page 33
Date

Keserdee ove resevedat ermesliate Wuteheo

Aranfniseçm
e teyrmee COnpectesd

he phtricaf s i n Ka. (Keee)

Deaic
PohA

Tranabeyn1 l o
Ater cireu apt biieheel, the entiree olat

avels ev re lelicate pah brem oree

8Discennecting ne lcireuit
he cATCiLet
Ata he lata ranP s cemplese ,

olikcennectes

sSo £otat ëme gnten o ransmmit a mee8

crcet s u i t sea netuaK

Cernectim setup ime + T + Te t Tear odeur kmei

e TU = mess age size/BarelisltA

Trak mism
/No h p * en tay * Diutançe bw 2 Hops ve) ocetY
T
1

A icuir éuitehing
aPPeeol at
Phtaic-f
A
ookolete e No ene ng
9t i

wat useot ons baeK.

It
 2) po-Ret Sulkeherg
tnferre tom ( TeleP me
wmt nenwes
oUmt cchon8 ue
want
0peratr a eceh TeephOv

ettudore o Leke

M
M

Re nez4 ane
wee homn
aN meeage
Loeten at e w eh uli
and ater
oleciote

Lsdn2 mutPlece. ( e S t o e P frurar 4

94 net ust oe

Tetaf ime = X M +X
anmieem = hp
X.)
anBUALeA u l e s Reke é
A &wtel hes t arim

Db blw circuuit freuceft

A There is No setur and Tear oleun Lime,

Circaet, Poetel MFVe Barst

e m e Setup time t | (x-) MB
voten
Teodoun Teme C i e n i t suuikcharg
Corpar P9 M = amaua, h e n a

-)M Le e a Cmpaeol
ie + Teedew Time
SetuP
cemu suui hins meo
U10 6
C o n e cA he Bende Psedtenr Q

re UANOut hann a Ste

1e
 3 Hesag suieeht
e s g e Suwtehag was a kechnigue oeveloprel a a

&o cinuut witchir

auenate , betur paeket swstehe
wa
ntreelutect

Seder aao Eceeve a e not o l r e y Connectaa.

There ae a n u m e d6 intermeoliate neala & a e t e

ant
ate Hret ense mesg eadhes Ahe oleafinaeom,
Herce also Calued
hop-by -

heT tame.
They Pozicte 2 listinct f imprtat eharaferaetie ;-
)Stet and f r u a e The intermeblicte noote hoe h e
rdpeneibit ranse7rA he enter

*o&he nert
[Link] eoeh noole muA ha
tor cpaei
A-
2 meoaae DeA
messoge an4erred a a
sirgte corlete Lrit

n4euee oledA nation.

Cek massaa muA hare a eaoter
messaa utn anel
olo4 neftien.
K te

Advantag
Ahe e h i c i e n a
kmp wailelle Loroluit
Tralt eg-tre cla e reluee
g g pioities o e r
Diadvwdg
Neess ma ate olire

Deay slirn ste G wo+. so, con't

peeotisrs.
 Vituaf Circeit JetuK

9t i Paekef Wítching

9t cfem
Cmnec Omenfesl e
Resoce.
ravmiseon

GUBonduiott.
Raseuwes
mean tbr

not TEuereB au pasketz,

Heade a
dt Paeket

we neeo! atebal henota fr

fo e t paekef
Loca heada,
e ainef Paekef

dente6 ret, om
Heasle Hare

oletination

Heada, Hare t iotend<&; path km ho

heP
stal

-t hp
ata P a t e t kouew
Rame paf

a paefcet wi aPprear) i i 'orda

eieef

ig Cosfee
 Deto
Page
made) netu
ATH(Ancens Trnte
CeC nt.

l a H eint da
*ho ald ee
P te eeinf moe

Sulttehe

Sgatem
en

Syte

Acletg-

reo
an dei
Paileet
Benel he sley,

Keiate
averhead
Singe i o - paelet

DAadenf

CogLtia

Se ce
ConmecKm omer
Prvides cm

nvètua ciseuut
Contr
Cong esfcon
ConneCHtn
No new

Cenpeatee i n a l i c
Particapaten
2
N e g e t i a t i o n
 Date_
Page
Pa-ket Sw4teAingf

ecireit swenirp
7he are

Phosee:
llishme
Ceure c h v Peacee'
)Da4a

Connece o Ke/esse

There
2Tb
eara mvn P e arewn emee
me

ime

3) Then is n for P Tha

oear ec echnezur

e reiatfe
Moe Kelabfe
4 SuULtchi
cireit
paeket 2uwitching.

Tefa4 &ime ten 5 T e t a t t i m e eken

= SetuP kme + T t T P
Teermeum
T +Te
Pytica. rath 6 / w ) Tha

ete f featinaton

aletinaKm

A AM Paatef PaeKes r e m

samee patt inaepenoerty

Roe e entire barof- Dent Raree

8
a ance
9 ) No Bardusch utage
9 Bndeiott wastag