Lesson 1 Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP

Meaning of service

- Doing something for the benefit of others

- Action of helping
- Voluntary

The Traditional Filipino Service

Bayanihan

- Filipinos shows community participation, democracy and cooperation.

- Benefit individual or community as a whole

Spanish Colonial Tradition

Polo y servicios

- Compel Filipinos to work (polistas). - the laborer

- Men 16-60 yrs. Old were obliged to render services

The Constitutional Mandate

1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 4 – to render personal military or civil service

Prime duty of the Government – serve and protect the people

State – recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building (1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section,
13)

What is NSTP?

NSTP stands for “National Service Training Program”

- civic education and defense preparedness program

- instituted by the Government of the Philippines on 5 January 2000 by virtue of Republic Act
9163
- known as the "National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001.
both male and female college students of any baccalaureate degree course or technical vocational
course in public or private educational institutions are obliged to undergo one of three programs

3 NSTP Programs

1. Civil Welfare Training Service

- provide students with activities contributory to the general welfare and betterment of life of
the members of the community

2. Literacy Training Service (LTS)

- designed to train students in teaching literacy and numeracy skills

3. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)

- provide military education and training
- Defense preparedness

ROTC organized into Citizen Armed Force

LTS and CWTS organized into National Service Corps (NSRC)

Legal Precedents to NSTP Act of 2001

• Commonwealth Act No. 1 (National Defense Act of 1935) - obligatory military service for all
male citizens of ages between 18 and 30
• Presidential Decree No. 1706 (National Service Law) - obligatory for all Filipino citizens and
specified three categories of national service: civic welfare service, law enforcement service
and military service
• RA 7077 (Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act) - provided for organization,
training and utilization of reservists, referred to in the Act as "Citizen Soldiers” (graduates of
ROTC)
Lesson 2 - Philippine Constitution, Preamble and Bill of Rights

Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

- Sovereign Filipino people – us

- Power is at us

Bill of rights (from Article III of 1987 Phil. Constitution)

1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property

2. Right to be secure
3. Privacy of communication and correspondence shall ne inviolable
4. No abridging the freedom of speech and expression
5. No respecting an establishment of religion
6. Liberty of abode shall not be impaired
7. Right to information
8. Right to form unions, association, or societies
9. Private property shall not be taken
10. No impairing the obligation of contracts
11. Free access to courts
12. Right to remain silent
13. Right to bail cannot be removed
14. No one be charged without legal process
15. Hebeas Corpus (right to question unlawful detention)
16. Right to a speedy resolution
17. No forced to testify against themselves
18. No imprisoning because of political beliefs
19. Inhuman punishments are not allowed (death penalty is banned)
20. No imprisoned for debt
21. No be twiced put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense
22. No ex post facto law
Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Citizens

1. To be loyal to the republic

2. To defend the state
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the state
4. To uphold the constitution and obey laws
5. To cooperate duly constituted authorities
6. To exercise rights responsible and with due regard for the rights of others
7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote

Duties and Rights of the Filipino People

1. Duties of the Filipino

a. to vote honestly and wisely
b. to obey the laws of the land
c. to respect public authority
d. to be loyal to the Republic
e. to defend the Motherland
f. to pay taxes to the government
g. to take active interest in local, national and international affairs

2. Rights of the people

a. Natural rights – by God cannot be taken away (right to life, right to love, right to marry)

b. Civil rights – rights granted by the State (right to own property, right to seek justice in the courts)

c. Political rights – rights conferred by the state to the people so that they may participate in government
(right to citizenship, right to suffrage, freedom of speech)

d. Constitutional rights – rights recognized and protected by the constitution (freedom from slavery,
freedom to choose one’s residence)

e. Statutory rights – rights conferred by statutes or law promulgated (right to inherit property, right to
minimum wage, right to go to strike for higher wages)
Lesson 3 – United Nations Principles on Human Rights

UDHR – Universal Declaration of Human Rights

- Proclaimed in 1948 by United Nations General Assembly

- Translated into 360 languages
- 30 articles that discerning what is right and wrong
- Common standard achievement for all people and all nations

Preamble

- Recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights

Article 1 – Born free and equal.

Article 2 – No discrimination.
Article 3 – Right to life, liberty, security.
Article 4 – No slavery.
Article 5 – No torture or cruel punishment.
Article 6 – Recognition before the law.
Article 7 – Equal protection of the law.
Article 8 – Right to legal remedies.
Article 9 – No arbitrary arrest or exile.
Article 10 – Fair and public trial.
Article 11 – Innocent until proven guilty.
Article 12 – Privacy and reputation protected.
Article 13 – Freedom of movement and travel.
Article 14 – Right to seek asylum.
Article 15 – Right to nationality.
Article 16 – Right to marry and family.
Article 17 – Right to own property.
Article 18 – Freedom of thought and religion.
Article 19 – Freedom of opinion and expression.
Article 20 – Freedom of assembly and association.
Article 21 – Right to participate in government.
Article 22 – Right to social security.
Article 23 – Right to work and fair wages.
Article 24 – Right to rest and leisure.
Article 25 – Right to adequate living standard.
Article 26 – Right to education.
Article 27 – Right to culture, arts, and science.
Article 28 – Right to a just social order.
Article 29 – Duties to community and limits to rights.
Article 30 – Rights cannot be destroyed or abused.

Issues of Human Rights in the Philippines

1. Philippine War – Drug Campaign

2. Death Penalty
3. Lowering the age of Criminal Liability
4. Freedom of expression
5. Rights of the members of the LGBTI Community

Additional Information of the Human Rights in the Philippines

1. Human Rights Classification – individual, collective, civil, political, economic, social, and
cultural rights.
2. Bill of Rights (1987 Constitution) – Article III ensures the rights, protections, and privileges of
Filipino citizens.
3. Martial Law Victims (2014) – Around 75,000 people applied for recognition as victims of
human rights violations under Martial Law.
Lesson 4 - Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines

Salient Feature of RA No. 8491 of 2002 (Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines)

Philippine Flag

- National symbol of country

- Handle the flag properly (way of respect)
- Primary symbol of the nation’s camaraderie, sovereignty, solidarity, and unity

Flag History

- horizontal bicolor with equal bands of blue and red, and white equilateral triangle
- Center (golden yellow sun) - 8 provinces (Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac,
Laguna, Batangas and Cavite)
- Conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo
- Sewn in HK, by Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Dona Delfina Herbosa de Natividad,
niece of Jose Rizal.
- Blue = peace
- Red = war

Flag Construction

- Twice its width (ratio 1:2)

Flag Protocol

- The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residence, public plazas, and
schools
- May 28 (National Flag Day)
- June 12 (Independence Day)

In Section 9 of RA 8491, the Philippine flag must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the
following locations:

- 1. Malacaňang Palace
 - 2. The Congress of the Philippine buildings (Senate and House of Representatives)
- 3. Supreme Court of the Philippine Building
- 4. The Rizal Monument
- 5. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite
- 6. Barasain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan
- 7. Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers in La Union, (Libingan ng mgaBayani in Makati)
- 8. Mauseleo de los Veteranos de la Revolucion
- 9. All international ports of entry
- 10. designated by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)

Half-mast

- Sign or mourning
- Death of president (10 days)
- Death of VP, CJ, Senate (7 days)

🚫 Prohibited Acts (Section 34 of RA 8491)

1. Defacing/ridiculing – No dipping as salute or adding marks.

2. Improper use – Not as drapery, festoon, tablecloth, costume, or uniform.
3. Commercial use – Not as trademark, label, or design.
4. Merchandise/ads – Not as product or in advertisements.
5. Vehicle display – Not as pennant on hood, side, back, or top of vehicles.

🇵🇭 Other Rules on Display

1. Naval vessels – At anchor: on stern flagstaff; at sea: on aftermast gaff.

2. Aircraft – Displayed horizontally on fuselage, hoist side facing forward.
3. Flagpoles – Must not be equal or higher than Rizal Park’s Independence Flagpole (107 ft).

Lesson 5 – Good Citizenship Values

Developing Good Citizenship – right has corresponding responsibility

Citizenship – membership of a citizen

Citizen – person having the title of citizenship

Citizens of the Philippines (Article IV, Sec. 1)

1. Citizens at the time of 1987 Constitution’s adoption.

2. Born of Filipino father or mother (including those born before Jan. 17, 1973 to Filipino mothers
who chose PH citizenship at legal age).
3. Naturalized in accordance with law.

Acquiring Citizenship

1. Two principles:
a. Jus soli – by place of birth
b. Jus sanguinis – by blood/parentage
2. Baby who was born within the air space or within 12 nautical miles (automatically have US
citizenship)
3. Commonwealth Act No. 473 – sets qualifications and process for naturalization.