Environmental Science Notes
Introduction to Environmental Science
Environmental science is the study of the interaction between humans and the environment. It
integrates biology, chemistry, physics, and social sciences to understand environmental problems
and solutions.
Ecosystems and Biodiversity
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their environment. Biodiversity
refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, which is essential for ecosystem balance and resilience.
Natural Resources
Natural resources are materials provided by nature such as water, air, soil, minerals, forests, and
fossil fuels. They can be renewable (e.g., solar energy, forests) or non-renewable (e.g., coal,
petroleum).
Pollution and Its Types
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment. Types of pollution include
air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns,
mainly due to human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes resource
conservation and eco-friendly practices.