Environmental Science Notes - Version 2
Definition and Scope
Environmental science deals with the study of the environment and the solution of environmental
problems. Its scope includes understanding natural systems, human impacts, and sustainable
solutions.
Ecosystem Dynamics
Ecosystems consist of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Energy flows through food chains
and food webs, while nutrients cycle within the system.
Types of Natural Resources
Natural resources are classified into renewable (sunlight, wind, forests) and non-renewable (coal,
oil, natural gas). Conservation is key to resource sustainability.
Forms of Pollution
Air pollution (smoke, greenhouse gases), water pollution (industrial waste, sewage), soil pollution
(pesticides, plastics), and noise pollution (urbanization, traffic) affect health and environment.
Global Warming and Climate Impact
Global warming is the rise in average global temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions. It
causes melting glaciers, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events.
Environmental Protection
Strategies include afforestation, renewable energy adoption, waste management, and
environmental education. International agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to combat climate
change.