WEEK 17: METABOLISM & SLIDE 5: DEGRADATION OF NUCLEIC

ANABOLISM OF ACIDS

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES  DEGRADATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:

breaking DNA & RNA into smaller parts.
SLIDE 2: METABOLISM
 WHAT HAPPENS?
 METABOLISM - the process by which 1. DNA and RNA are broken into
our body changes food into energy and nucleotides.
building blocks. It has 2 parts:  Nucleotides - building block of DNA
a) Catabolism → breaks down food to & RNA
release energy 2. Nucleotides are further broken into
b) Anabolism → uses energy to build sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
and repair body parts.

 PURPOSE  WHY IT MATTERS?

i. To provide energy so the body can - Recycles building blocks for new
move, breathe, and function DNA/RNA.
ii. To build and repair cells, tissues, and - Sometimes used for energy if
organs needed.
iii. To regulate body processes (like
temperature, hormones, and SLIDE 6: ANABOLIC PROCESSES OF
digestion)
iv. To store energy for future use PROTEINS
 ANABOLIC PROCESSES: the building of
SLIDE 3: DIFFERENTIATE ANABOLISM & proteins from amino acids.️
CATABOLISM
WHAT HAPPENS?
SIMILARITY: Both are essential parts of 1. Amino acids (building blocks) are linked
metabolism, often interconnected. together.
FEATURE ANABOLISM CATABOLISM 2. Form a polypeptide chain.
PURPOSE Build molecules Break down molecules
 Polypeptide - a chain of amino
ENERGY U
SE
Requires ATP Releases ATP acids linked together
EXAMPLES Protein Synthesis Glycolysis 3. Chain folds into a functional protein.
END PROD Smaller, simpler molecule
Larger, complex molecules
UCTS s  WHY IT MATTERS?
- Makes enzymes, hormones,
 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - antibodies, muscles, and other proteins
provides energy to drive & support many the body needs.
processes in living cells. “ENERGY
CARRIER in the CELL” SLIDE 7: ANABOLIC PROCESSES OF
 Protein Synthesis - biological process by which
cells build proteins (making proteins). LIPIDS & NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Glycolysis - process of breaking down glucose (a  ANABOLIC = part of metabolism that
sugar). focuses on building and storing.
SLIDE 4: DEGRADATION OF LIPIDS  LIPIDS - Used for energy storage,
 DEGRADATION OF LIPIDS: breaking membranes, hormones.
fats down for energy. 1. Small molecules (like glycerol + fatty
acids) are joined together.
 WHAT HAPPENS? 2. Form triacylglycerols, phospholipids,
1. Lipids (fats) are broken into glycerol and cholesterol.
fatty acids.
2. Fatty acids are further broken down in  NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA & RNA) - Used
the mitochondria to make ATP (energy). to store and transmit genetic
information.
 WHY IT MATTERS? 1. Nucleotides (sugar + phosphate +
- Gives the body a lot of energy! base) are linked together.
 Nucleotides - building block of DNA
& RNA
2. Form long DNA or RNA strands.

SLIDE 8: ANABOLIC PROCESSES OF

AMINO ACIDS
 ANABOLIC = part of metabolism that
focuses on building and storing.

 WHAT HAPPENS?
1. Amino acids (the building blocks) are
joined together.
2. Form polypeptide chains.
 Polypeptide - a chain of amino
acids linked together
3. Chains fold into functional proteins.

 WHY IT MATTERS?
- Makes enzymes, hormones,
antibodies, muscles, and other proteins
the body needs.

SLIDE 9: TRACING ANABOLIC PATHWAY

 Tracing anabolic pathways means
following and mapping the sequence of
chemical reactions that the body uses to
build complex molecules from smaller
units.
 Following steps to build a big
molecule from small parts.
 PURPOSE
i. To understand how cells make
essential molecules such as proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates.
ii. To track the flow of materials and
energy in the body during synthesis.
iii. To connect different metabolic
processes (e.g., how glucose can be
turned into fat or amino acids).

 EXAMPLE
1. Start: Glucose (sugar)
2. Steps: Joined together through
glycogenesis
 Glycogenesis - process of storing
glucose in body
1. End: Glycogen (storage form of sugar)