C++ Programming Language
Last Updated : 15 Sep, 2025
C++ is a programming language known for its fast speed, low
level memory management and is often taught as first
programming language.
Why Learn C++?
C++ is often taught as a foundational language to aspiring
programmers, but it is much more than that:
C++ is used in making operating systems, embedded
systems, graphical user interfaces and nowadays in High
Frequency Trading (HFT) systems.
It supports both low-level and high-level features such as
manual memory management and Object Oriented
Programming respectively.
Syntax similarity with C, Java, and C# makes it easier to
switch languages.
C++ provides one of the fastest execution speeds among
high level languages, which can be a deciding factor in
Competitive Programming or high-performance
applications.
Example Program
The below code shows the simplest C++ program that you can
run to print some text on the console screen.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello World";
return 0;
}
Output
Hello World
C++ Fundamentals
This section guides you through the basic concepts of C++
programming. It covers topics that teaches you to write your first
program, manage data, perform different operations and control
the flow of the program.
Introduction
Identifiers
Keywords
Variables
Data Types
Quiz: Basics | Variables and Data Types
Operators
Basic Input / Output
Quiz: Operator | Input Output
Conditional Statements
Loops
Quiz: Control Statements | Loops
C++ Function
Functions allow users to divide the program into multiple blocks
each performing a specific task. This section teaches you how to
work with functions to write a modular and reusable code.
Functions
Parameter Passing Techniques
Default Arguments
Recursion
Inline Functions
Lambda Expression
Quiz: Functions
Compound Data Types
Compound data types are created from the built-in data types.
This section guides you through important compound data types
such as array, strings, pointer and structures that helps in
managing complex real-world data.
Arrays
Pointers
References
Quiz: Array | Pointer | Reference
Strings
Structures
Unions
Enumeration
Quiz: Strings | Structure and Union
Dynamic Memory Management
C++ allows the low-level memory manipulation using pointers
and dynamic memory allocation/deallocation operators. This
section guides you through the basis of dynamic memory
management.
Dynamic Memory Management
new and delete Operators
Memory Leak
Quiz: Dynamic Memory Management
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++
This section covers key concepts of Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP) in C++ such as classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism, and abstraction.
Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
Classes and Objects
Encapsulation
Polymorphism
Inheritance
Abstraction
Quiz: OOPs Quiz
C++ Standard Template Library (STL)
This section covers Standard Template Library (STL) which is an
in-built library that provides a set of commonly used data
structures such as vectors, lists, stacks, queues, maps, etc. and
algorithms that enhance productivity and performance.
Templates
Standard Template Library (STL)
Algorithms
Containers
Iterators
Vector
Stack
Queue
Map
Set
Quiz: STL Quiz
Exception Handling in C++
Exception handling are the techniques to handle runtime errors
efficiently. This section covers how to handle exceptions to
prevent crashes and improve the reliability of applications.
Exception Handling
Exception Handling using Classes
Stack Unwinding
User-Defined Exceptions
Quiz: Exception Handling Quiz
File Handling in C++
File handling allows programs to store and retrieve data from
files. This section introduces file handling in C++ using streams. It
covers reading from and writing to files using streams.
Files and Streams
I/O Redirection
Quiz: File Handling Quiz
Advanced C++
This section covers advanced concepts in C++ such as move
preprocessor, multithreading, etc. Mastering these topics allows
developers to write efficient, high-performance C++ applications.
Preprocessor
Namespaces
Smart Pointers
Callbacks
Multithreading
Signal Handling
C++ Skill Assessments
Test what you have learnt through this C++ using a series of our
Skill Assessment Test.
Beginner Skill Assessment Practice Test
Intermediate Skill Assessment Practice Test
Advanced Skill Assessment Practice Test
C++ Interview Questions
Quickly prepare yourself for C++ interviews with the help of our
carefully curated list of commonly asked interview questions.
Top 50 C++ Interview Questions and Answers
Top C++ STL Interview Questions and Answers
30 OOPs Interview Questions and Answers
Top C++ Exception Handling Interview Questions and
Answers
Important Links
Comparison of various programming languages
Careers and jobs in C++
Companies that use C++