Sample Calculation

For Reference Only

Parallel Flow/Counter Flow Heat Exchanger
1. OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

1.1 DATA:
Inner diameter of tube Di = 0.0095 m
Outer diameter of tube Do = 0.0127 m
Length of tube L = 1.6 m

1.1 OBSERVATION TABLE (FOR PARALLEL MODE):

Hot water side Cold water side

Sr. No.
Fh (LPH) T1 (C) T2 (C) FC (LPH) T3 (C) T4 (C)
1
100 78 61.8 100 16.7 33.5
2
100 78 61.8 100 16.6 33.5

1.2CALCULATIONS (FOR PARALLEL MODE):

T1  T2 o
Th  ( C)
2

78  61.8
Th   69.9 oC
2

T3  T4 o
Tc  ( C)
2

16.6  33.5
Tc   25.05 oC
2

Find the properties of water (ρh , Cph) at temperature T h and (ρc , Cpc) at

temperature Tc from data book.

 h  974 (kg/m3)

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 1 of 11 (Rev. 1)
 C ph  4190 (J/kg oC)

 c  998 (kg/m3)

C pc  4179 (J/kg oC)

Fh   h
Mh  (kg/sec)
36001000

100  974
Mh   0.027055 kg/sec
3600  1000

Qh  M h C ph T1  T2  (W)

Qh  0.027055 4190 78  61.8  1836.477 W

Fc   c
Mc  (kg/sec)
3600 1000

100  998
Mc   0.02777 kg/sec
3600  1000

Qc  M c C pc T4  T3  (W)

Qc  0.02777 4179 33.5  16.6  1957.88 W

Qh  Qc
Q (W)
2

1836.477  1957.88
Q  1897.18 W
2

T1  T1  T3 (oC)

T1  78  16.6  61.4 oC

T2  T2  T4 (oC)

T2  61.8  33.5  28.3 oC

T1  T2 o
Tm  ( C)
T1
ln
T2

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 2 of 11 (Rev. 1)
 61.4  28.3
Tm   42.73 oC
61.4
ln
28.3

Ai   Di L (m2)

Ai   0.00951.6  0.0477 m2

Ao   Do L (m2)

Ao    0.01271.6  0.0638 m2

Q
Ui  (W/m2 oC)
Ai Tm

1897.18
Ui   930.15 W/m2 oC
0.0477  42.73

Q
Uo  (W/m2 oC)
Ao Tm

1897.18
Uo   695.78 W/m2 oC
0.0638 42.73

1.3 CALCULATION TABLE (FOR PARALLEL MODE):

[Link] Qh (W) Qc (W) Q (W) ΔTm (oC) Ui (W/m2oC) Uo (W/m2oC)

1
1836.47 1946.3 1891.38 42.69 928.16 694.29
2
1836.47 1957.88 1897.18 42.73 930.15 695.78

1.4 OBSERVATION TABLE (FOR COUNTER MODE):

Hot water side Cold water side

Sr. No.
Fh (LPH) T1 (C) T2 (C) FC (LPH) T3 (C) T5 (C)
1 95 78 54 95 16.4 38.2
2 95 77.9 54 95 16.4 38.2

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 3 of 11 (Rev. 1)
 1.5 CALCULATIONS (FOR COUNTER MODE):
T1  T2 o
Th  ( C)
2

77.9  54
Th   65.95 oC
2

T3  T5 o
Tc  ( C)
2

16.4  38.2
Tc   27.3 oC
2

Find the properties of water (ρh , Cph) at temperature T h and (ρc , Cpc) at

temperature Tc from data book.

 h  974 (kg/m3)

C ph  4190 (J/kg oC)

 c  998 (kg/m3)

C pc  4179 (J/kg oC)

Fh   h
Mh  (kg/sec)
36001000

95  974
Mh   0.0257 kg/sec
3600  1000

Qh  M h C ph T1  T2  (W)

Qh  0.0257 4190 77.9  54  2573.90 W

Fc   c
Mc  (kg/sec)
3600 1000

95  998
Mc   0.0263 kg/sec
3600  1000

Qc  M c C pc T5  T3  (W)

Qc  0.0263 4179 38.2  16.4  2399.27 W

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 4 of 11 (Rev. 1)
 Qh  Qc
Q (W)
2

2573.90  2399.27
Q  2486.59 W
2

T1  T1  T5 (oC)

T1  77.9  38.5  39.7 oC

T2  T2  T3 (oC)

T2  54  16.4  37.6 oC

T1  T2 o
Tm  ( C)
T1
ln
T2

39.7  37.6
Tm   38.64 oC
39.7
ln
37.6

Ai   Di L (m2)

Ai    0.00951.6  0.04772 m2

Ao   Do L (m2)

Ao   0.01271.6  0.06380 m2

Q
Ui  (W/m2 oC)
Ai Tm

2486.59
Ui   1348.30 W/m2 oC
0.04772 38.64

Q
Uo  (W/m2 oC)
Ao Tm

2486.59
Uo   1008.57 W/m2 oC
0.06380 38.64

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 5 of 11 (Rev. 1)
 1.6 CALCULATION TABLE (FOR COUNTER MODE):

[Link] Qh (W) Qc (W) Q (W) ΔTm (oC) Ui (W/m2oC) Uo (W/m2oC)

1
2584.671 2399.278 2491.974 38.68958 1349.511 1009.477
2
2573.902 2399.278 2486.59 38.64049 1348.305 1008.575

2. NOMENCLATURE:

Nom Column Heading Units Type

Ai Inside heat transfer area m2 Calculated
2
Ao Outside heat transfer area m Calculated
o
Cpc Specific heat of cold water at mean temperature of J/kg C Calculated
cold water
Cph Specific heat of hot water at mean temperature of hot J/kg oC Calculated
water
Di Inner diameter of tube m Given
Do Outer diameter of tube m Given
Fc Flow rate of cold water LPH Measured
Fh Flow rate of hot water LPH Measured
L Length of tube m Given
Mc Mass flow rate of the cold water kg/sec Calculated
Mh Mass flow rate of the hot water kg/sec Calculated
Q Average heat transfer from the system W Calculated
Qc Heat gained by the cold water W Calculated
Qh Heat loss by the hot water W Calculated
o
T1 Inlet temperature of the hot water C Measured
o
T2 Outlet temperature of the hot water C Measured
o
T3 Inlet temperature of the cold water C Measured
o
T4 Outlet temperature of the cold water for parallel flow C Measured
o
T5 Outlet temperature of the cold water for counter flow C Measured
o
Tc Mean temperature of cold water C Calculated
o
Th Mean temperature of hot water C Calculated

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 6 of 11 (Rev. 1)
 Ui Inside overall heat transfer coefficient W/m2 oC Calculated
Uo Outside overall heat transfer coefficient W/m2 oC Calculated
c Density of cold water at mean temperature of cold kg/m3 Calculated
water
h Density of hot water at mean temperature of hot water kg/m3 Calculated
o
ΔT1 Temperature difference at inlet of hot water, C Calculated
o
ΔT2 Temperature difference at outlet of hot water, C Calculated
o
ΔTm Log mean temperature difference C Calculated

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala PARA

Page No. 7 of 11 (Rev. 1)