MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK

msMÖ‡n:- Job Aid Coaching

msM„nxZ:- wewfbœ MwY‡Zi eB, Kv‡i›U A¨v‡dqvm©|

==wet`ªt==
hviv MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK wb‡q wewfbœ K_v e‡jb Zv‡`i‡K ejwQ, wcÖwj cixÿvq Avcwb KZ mgq cvb? 60 wgwb‡U 80
wU ev 100 wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z nq, wewmG‡m 120 wgwb‡U 200 cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z nq| e¨vsK cixÿvq evsjvi cvU© Qvov
evwK me cÖkœ Bs‡iwR‡Z Kiv nq|
GB Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ hw` kU© †UKwbK Rvbv _v‡K Zvn‡j As‡Ki cvU© cixÿvq `ªæZ Kiv hvq| †h‡nZz AsK Ki‡eb
As‡Ki m~Î w`‡qB Ki‡eb| wjwLZ cixÿvqI GB m~θ‡jv A‡bK †ÿ‡Î e¨envi K‡i AsK Kiv hv‡e|

1
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 (%) kZKiv n«vm/e„w×
kZKiv e„w× †`Iqv _vK‡j kZKiv n«vm evwni Ki‡Z n‡e| A_ev,
kZKiv n«vm †`Iqv _vK‡j kZKiv e„w× evwni Ki‡Z n‡e|
r
myÎ: 100+ r × 100 % (hw` cÖ‡kœ cÖ_‡g e„w×, †e‡o wM‡q‡Q ev ‡ewk G ai‡Yi K_v _vK‡j + wPý n‡e|)

r
100- r
× 100 % (hw` cÖ‡kœ cÖ_‡g K‡g‡Q, n«vm †c‡q‡Q ev Kg n‡q‡Q G ai‡Yi K_v _vK‡j - wPý n‡e|)

[ r = kZKiv KZ K‡g‡Q ev †e‡o‡Q]

Ex: 1
Pv‡ji g~j¨ 25% †e‡o hvIqvq GK e¨w³ PvI‡ji e¨envi Ggbfv‡e Kgv‡jv hv‡Z Zvi e¨q AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| wZwb
Pv‡ji e¨envi kZKiv KZ Kgv‡jb?
r = 25
r 25 25×100
100+ r
× 100 % = 100+ 25 × 100 % = 125 = 20 % (Ans)

Ex: 2
wPwbi g~j¨ 10% n«vm cvIqv‡Z †Kvb GK cwiev‡ii wPwb LvIqv kZKiv e„w× Ki‡j wPwb eve` e¨ee„w× cv‡e bv?
r = 10
r 10 10×100
100- r
× 100 % = 100- 10 × 100 % = 90 = 11.11 % (Ans)

 `ywU kZKiv †`Iqv _vK‡e bZzb Avi GKwU kZKiv evwni Kiv
XY
m~Î: ± X ± Y ± 100
X = 1g kZKiv (%), Y = 2q kZKiv (%)
Increase, e„w×, †ewk n‡j (+) wPý n‡e,
Decrease, n«vm, Kg n‡j (-) wPý n‡e
Ex: 1
GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 20% e„w× cvq Ges cÖ¯’ 10% e„w× cvq Zvn‡j bZzb †ÿÎd‡ji AvqZb kZKiv KZ e„w×
‡c‡j?
X = +20%, Y = +10%
XY 20×10
kZKiv e„w× = ± X ± Y ± 100 = 20 + 10 + 100
= 30 + 2 = 32% (Ans)

2
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
Ex: 2
hw` GKwU †Ljbvi g~j¨ 20% e„w× Kivi ci Avevi 20% Kgv‡bv nq, Zvn‡j †LjbvwUi g~j¨ kZKiv KZ e„w× ev n«vm
†c‡j?
X = +20%, Y = -20%
XY 20×(-20)
kZKiv e„w× = ± X ± Y ± 100 = 20 - 20 + 100
(400)
= 0 - 100 = -4% (4% n«vm †c‡q‡Q) (Ans)

 kZKiv cvm †dj evwni Kiv

m~Î: Total = All Single - Both + None
Total = 100% aiv nq, All Single = GKwU welq, Both = Dfq welq
Ex: 1
GKwU K‡j‡R 600 Rb wkÿv_©x Av‡Q| 75% wkÿv_©x evsjv Ges 45% Bs‡iwR welq †bq| KZ Rb wkÿv_©x Dfq welq
wb‡q‡Q?
GLv‡b, Total = 100, All Single = (evsjv + Bs‡iwR) = 75 + 45 = 120
Both = Dfq wkÿv_©x = ? None = 0
Total = All Single - Both + None
=> 100 = 120 - Both + 0
=> Both = 120 - 100 = 20%
Ex: 2
GKwU cixÿvq 80% cixÿv_©x evsjvq, 85% cixÿv_©x MwY‡Z Ges 75% cixÿv_©x Dfq wel‡q cvm K‡i| hw` 30 Rb
cixÿv_x Dfq wel‡q †dj K‡i Zvn‡j †gvU cixÿv_x©i msL¨v KZ?
Total = All Single - Both + None
=> 100 = (80 + 85) - 75 + None (Dfq wel‡q †dj)
=> None (Dfq wel‡q †dj) = 175 - 165 = 10%

10 Rb Dfq wel‡q †dj Ki‡j †gvU cixÿv_©x = 100 Rb

100×30
30 Rb Dfq wel‡q †dj Ki‡j †gvU cixÿv_©x = 10 = 30 Rb (Ans)

(wet`ªt- Dfq wel‡q kZKiv cvm †`Iqv _vK‡j None n‡e kZKiv †dj,
Avevi, Dfq wel‡q †dj †`Iqv _vK‡j None n‡e kZKiv cvm|)

3
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 ‡Uªb msµvšÍ
m~Î: S = VT (`~iZ¡ = MwZ‡eM × mgq)
S = (V1 ± V2)T
m~Î: hw` †Uªb _v‡K,
S1 + S2
T= V1 ± V2
S1 = 1g †Uª‡bi ‰`N©¨ S2 = 2q †Uª‡bi ‰`N©¨
V1 = 1g †Uª‡bi MwZ‡eM V2 = 2q †Uª‡bi MwZ‡eM
GKB w`‡K mgvšÍiv‡j Pjgvb n‡j ± Gi ¯’‡j - n‡e,
wecixZ w`‡K ev ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K Pjgvb n‡j ± Gi ¯’‡j + n‡e,

Ex: 1
132 wgUvi I 108 wgUvi j¤^v `ywU †Uªb ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K h_vµ‡g 32 Ges 40 wKwgNÈv †e‡M mvg‡b Avm‡Q| KZ †m‡KÛ
ci †Uªb `ywU G‡K Aci‡K AwZµg Ki‡e?
S1 = 1g †Uª‡bi ‰`N©¨ = 132 wg
S2 = 2q †Uª‡bi ‰`N©¨ = 108 wg
V1 = 1g †Uª‡bi MwZ‡eM = 32 wKwg
V2 = 1g †Uª‡bi MwZ‡eM = 40 wKwg
T = mgq = ? (ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K Pjgvb n‡j ± Gi ¯’‡j + n‡e),
S +S
T = V1 ± V2
1 2
132+108
= 32+40
240 18
= 72 × 5 ‡m‡KÛ

= 12 †m‡KÛ (Ans)

Ex: 2
`ywU †Uªb ci¯ú‡ii mgvšÍiv‡j GKB w`‡K h_vµ‡g NÈvq 50 wKwg Ges 30 wKwg †e‡M Pj‡Q| axiMwZi †Uªb‡K AwZµg
Ki‡Z `ªæZMwZi †Uªb 18 †m‡KÛ mgq †bq| `ªæZMwZi †Uª‡bi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
awi,
`ªæZMwZi †Uª‡bi ˆ`N¨© = S
V1 = `ªæZMwZi †Uª‡bi MwZ‡eM = 50 wKwg/NÈv
V2 = axiMwZi MwZ‡eM = 30 wKwg/NÈv
T = mgq = 18 †m‡KÛ?
GKB w`‡K mgvšÍivj Pjgvb ± Gi ¯’‡j - n‡e,
4
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
S
T= V -V
1 2

=> S = (V1 - V2)T

1000
= (50 - 30) × 3600 × 8
5
= 20 × 18 × 8
= 100 wgUvi (Ans)


 NÈv I wgwbU †_‡K wWwMÖ/‡KvY (∠)
11×M-60H
m~Î:- 2
M = wgwbU, H = NÈv

‡hgb, 4 NÈv 5 wgwbU (4.05 am/pm)

× ×
= = = 92.5°

(wWwMÖi gvb hw` 180° ‡_‡K †ewk nq ZLb 360° †_‡K we‡qM Ki‡Z nq)
‡hgb, 240° Avm‡j,
360° - 240° = 120° (Ans)


 evûi msL¨v †_‡K †gvU †Kv‡Yi gvb wbY©q Kiv
hw` evûi msL¨v †`Iqv _v‡K ev Rvbv _v‡K wb‡Pi m~Î †_‡K †Kv‡Yi gvb evwni Kiv hvq|
m~Ît (2x-4)

‡hgb, evûi msL¨v 4

Zvn‡j,
(2 × 4 - 4) [x = evûi msL¨v = 4]
=4× =2
= 2 × 180°
= 360° (Ans)

5
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 ‡KvY †_‡K evûi msL¨v evwni Kiv
‡Kv‡Yi gvb †`Iqv _vK‡j evni msL¨v evwni Kiv hvq
( )
m~Ît θ = , θ = ‡KvY, = evû

Ex: 1
θ = 135°, n=?
( )
135 = => 135n = 180n - 2 × 180
×
=> n = =8
=> (180-135)n = 2 × 180 myZivs, n = 8

 cÖvwY welqK
hLb evbi ˆZjv³ evu‡ki gv_vq wbw`©ó mgq D‡V Ges wbw`©ó mg‡q bv‡g ZLb,
m~Î: 1
‡gvU ‰`N¨© - wbw`©ó mgq hZUzKz D‡V
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = ( wbw`ó mgq hZUzKz D‡V - cieZ©x mg‡q hZUyKz bv‡g ) × 2 + 1

Ex: 1
GKwU evbi 92 dzU DPz GKUv ˆZjv³ evuk †e‡q Dc‡i DV‡Z jvMj| evbiwU cÖ_g wgwb‡U 12 dzU D‡V, wKš‘ w`¦Zxq
wgwb‡U 8 dzU wb‡P †b‡g hvq| evu‡ki gv_vq DV‡Z evbiwUi KZ wgwbU mgq jv‡M?
‡gvU ‰`N¨© - wbw`©ó mgq hZUzKz D‡V
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = ( wbw`ó mgq hZUzKz D‡V - cieZ©x mg‡q hZUyKz bv‡g ) × 2 + 1

=(9212--128 ) × 2 + 1
80
=( 4 )×2+1 = 41 wgwbU (Ans)

2L-(R+F)
m~Î: 2 T= R-F ×t

GLv‡b,
L = LyuwUi/Mv‡Qi ˆ`N©¨ t = DVv/bvgvi mgq
R = Dc‡i DVvi gvb F = wb‡P bvgvi gvb
T = †gvU mgq
Ex: 2
GKwU evbi 10 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU LywU †e‡q DV‡Z jvM‡jv| evbwU hw` 1 wgwb‡U 50 †[Link]. D‡V Ges cieZ©x wgwb‡U 25
†[Link]. †b‡g c‡o Z‡e LyuwUi gv_vq DV‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?

6
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
GLv‡b, L = LyuwUi ‰`N©¨ = 10 wgUvi = 10 × 100 †[Link].
t = DVv/bvgvi mgq = 1 wgwbU
R = Dc‡i DVvi gvb = 15 †[Link].
F = wb‡P bvgvi gvb = 25 †[Link].
T = †gvU mgq = ?
2L-(R+F) 2 × 10 × 100 - (50 + 25) 2000-75
T= R-F ×t= ×1= 25 = 77 wgwbU| (Ans)
50 - 25

Ex: 3
GKwU evbi GKwU ˆZjv³ evuk †e‡q DV‡Q| evbiwU 1 wgwb‡U 4 dyU Dc‡i D‡V Ges c‡ii wgwbU 3 dzU †b‡g c‡o| 20
MR evukwUi Dc‡ii †kl cÖv‡šÍ DV‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
2L-(R+F) 2 × 3 × 20 - (4 + 3)
T= R-F ×t= × 1 = 120 - 7 = 113 wgwbU| (Ans)
50 - 25

 wccv, U¨vsK, ‡PŠev”Pv msµvšÍ

hLb †Kvb wccv/U¨vsK `yBwU b‡ji 1 wU cvwb Øviv c~Y© n‡Z _v‡K Ges AciwU Øviv Lvwj n‡Z _v‡K ZLb,
m~Î: 1 wccv/U¨vsK c~Y© ev Lvwj n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = mn ÷ (m - n)
GLv‡b, m = 2q bj Øviv e¨wqZ mgq
n = 1g bj Øviv e¨wqZ mgq
Ex: 1
GKwU †PŠev”Pv GKwU bj Øviv 10 NÈvq c~Y© nq| wKš‘ Ab¨ GKwU bj Øviv cvwb evwni †PŠev”PvwU c~Y© n‡Z 15 NÈv jv‡M|
wKš‘ Ab¨ bj Øviv †PŠev”PvwU Lvwj n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
m = 2q bj Øviv e¨wqZ mgq = 15 NÈv
n = 1g bj Øviv e¨wqZ mgq = 10 NÈv
Lvwj n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = mn ÷ (m - n)
= (15 × 10) ÷ (15 - 10) = 30 NÈv (Ans)
hLb `yBwU bj Øviv †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq ZLb cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq -
m~Î: 2 cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = mn ÷ (m + n)
GLv‡b, m = 2q bj Øviv e¨wqZ mgq
n = 1g bj Øviv e¨wqZ mgq
Ex: 2
GKwU †PŠev”Pv `ywU bj Øviv h_vµ‡g 15 Ges 20 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq| `ywU bj GK m‡½ Ly‡j w`‡j †PŠev”PvwU KZ mg‡q c~Y©
n‡e?
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = mn ÷ (m + n)
= (20 × 15) ÷ (20 + 15) = 8.57 wgwbU (Ans)
7
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 ‡bŠKv I †¯ªvZ msµvšÍ MwYZ
‡¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM + ‡¯ªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM
m~Î: ‡bŠKvi †eM = 2
Ex: 1
GKwU †bŠKv †¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j NÈvq 8 wKwg. Ges †¯ªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j 4 wKwg. hvq| †bŠKvi †eM KZ?
‡¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM+‡¯ªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM
‡bŠKvi †eM = 2
= (8 + 4) ÷ 2 = 6 wKwg. (Ans)
hLb †bŠKvwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b wM‡q Avevi c~‡e©i ¯’v‡b wd‡i Av‡m ZLb,

m~Î: c~‡e©i ¯’v‡b wd‡i Avmvi mgq = ( + )

GLv‡b,
d = †gvU AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡
p = †bŠKvi †eM
q = †¯ªv‡Zi †eM
Ex: 2
‡bŠKv I †¯ªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq h_vµ‡g 15 I 6 wKwg.| b`x c‡_ 48 wKwg. `xN©c_ GKevi AwZµg K‡i wd‡i Avm‡Z KZ
NÈv mgq jvM‡e?

c~‡e©i ¯’v‡b wd‡i Avmvi mgq = d ( + )

1 1
= 48 × ( 15+6 + 15-6 )
1 1
= 48 × ( 21 + 9 ) = 7.62 NÈv| (Ans)

 msL¨vwU evwni Kiv

1g msL¨v + 2q msL¨v
m~Î: msL¨vwU = 2
Ex: 1
GKwU msL¨v 200 n‡Z hZ eo 120 n‡Z ZZ †QvU| msL¨vwU KZ?
1g msL¨v + 2q msL¨v 200 + 120 320
msL¨vwU = 2 = 2 = 2 = 160 (Ans)

8
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 jvf/ÿwZ msµvšÍ
K) kZKiv jvf/ÿwZ evwni Kiv [hw` µq I weµ‡qi gv‡S cv_©K¨ 1 _v‡K]
100
m~Î: kZKiv jvf/ÿwZ = weµq msL¨v %
Ex: 1
UvKvq 6 wU ej wK‡b UvKvq 4wU weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ jvf n‡e?
100 100
kZKiv jvf = weµq msL¨v % = 4 = 25% (Ans)

Ex: 2
UvKvq 8 wU Kjv wK‡b UvKvq 10 wU weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ ÿwZ n‡e?
100 100
kZKiv jvf = weµq msL¨v % = 10 = 10% (Ans)

L) wfbœ wfbœ `‡i wK‡b c‡i GK `‡i weµq Ki‡j kZKiv jvf/ÿwZ
100
m~Î: jvf/ÿwZ = (UvKq hZwU weµq Kiv hvq)2
Ex: 1
UvKvq 9 wU Ges UvKvq 11 wU `‡i mgvbmsL¨K †cqviv wK‡b UvKvq 10 wU weµq Ki‡j kZKiv wK cwigvb jvf ev ÿwZ
n‡e?
100 100
kZKiv ÿwZ = (UvKq hZwU weµq Kiv hvq)2 = (10)2 = 1% (Ans)
(GLv‡b µq, weµ‡qi gv‡S µwgK msL¨v _vK‡e|)
M) jvf/ÿwZ †_‡K µqg~j¨
100 × weµqg~j¨
m~Î: µqg~j¨ = [jvf _vK‡j + wPý, ÿwZ _vK‡j - wPý]
100 ± kZKiv jvf
Ex: 1
dviæK 400 UvKvi GKwU Nwo wewµ K‡i 20% jvf Kij| NwowUi µqg~j¨ KZ?
100 × weµqg~j¨
µqg~j¨ = 100 + kZKiv jvf (jvf n‡q‡Q + wPý)
100 × 400 40000
= 100 + 20 = 120 = 333.33 UvKv (Ans)

Ex: 2
200 UvKvq GKwU Nwo wewµ Ki‡j 10% ÿwZ nq| NwowUi µqg~j¨ KZ?
100 × weµqg~j¨
µqg~j¨ = 100 - kZKiv jvf (ÿwZ n‡q‡Q - wPý)
100 × 200 20000
= 100 - 10 = 90 = 222.22 UvKv (Ans)

9
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
N) ‡Kvb wRwb‡mi `vg (%) Kg‡j Ges Av‡Mi Zzjbvq †ewk ‡c‡j µqg~j¨ evwni Kiv
kZKiv Kg ‡gvU UvKv
m~Î: µqg~j¨ = 100 × Kg ev †ewk cvIqv × hZ¸‡jv wKb‡Z n‡e
Ex: 1
Kjvi `vg 20% K‡g hvIqvq iv‡mj 100 UvKvq Av‡Mi Zzjbvq 10 wU Kjv †ewk cvq| GK WRb Kjvi eZ©gvb µqg~j¨
KZ n‡e?
kZKiv Kg ‡gvU UvKv
µqg~j¨ = 100 × Kg ev †ewk cvIqv × hZ¸‡jv wKb‡Z n‡e
20 100
= 100 × 10 × 12 = 24 UvKv (Ans)

 g~jab, mgq, my‡`i nvi, my` msµvšÍ

K) g~jab, mgq, my‡`i nvi, my` PviwUi †h †Kvb wZbwU †`Iqv _vK‡j AciwU evwni Kiv|
100 × my` g~jab × mgq × my‡`i nvi
m~Î: g~jab = m~Î: my` = 100 0)
mgq × my‡`i nvi

Ex: 1
5% nv‡i KZ mg‡q 500 UvKvi my` 100 UvKv n‡e?
100 × my` 100 × 100
mgq = = = 4 eQi (Ans)
g~jab × my‡`i nvi 500 × 5

L) hLb my‡` Avm‡j ¸b nq Ges mgq D‡jøL _v‡K ZLb my‡`i nvi,
my‡` Avm‡j hZ¸b - 1
m~Î: my‡`i nvi =
mgq × 100

Ex: 1
mij my‡`i kZKiv KZ UvKv n‡j, †h †Kvb g~jab 8 eQ‡i my‡` Avm‡j wZb¸b n‡e?
my‡` Avm‡j hZ¸b - 1 3-1
my‡`i nvi = mgq × 100
= 8 × 100
= 25% (Ans)

M) my‡`i nvi evwni Kiv `ywU wfbœ wfbœ mgq I Avmj _vK‡j, (cÖvq cixÿvq GB ai‡bi AsK Av‡m)
100 × my`
m~Î: my‡`i nvi =
(1g Avmj × 1g mgq) + (2q Avmj × 2q mgq)

10
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
Ex: 1
my‡`i nvi GKB nvi my‡` 300 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii my` Ges 500 UvKvi 5 eQ‡ii my` 148 UvKv n‡j, kZKiv my‡`i nvi
KZ?
100 × my`
my‡`i nvi =
(1g Avmj × 1g mgq) + (2q Avmj × 2q mgq)
100 × 148 14800 14800
= = = 3700 = 4% (Ans)
(300 × 4) + (500 × 5) 1200 + 2500

N) my` Avmj _vK‡j evwni Kiv

100 × my` Avmj
m~Î: Avmj =
100 + (my‡`i nvi × mgq)
Ex: 1
kZKiv 10 UvKv nvi my‡` 4 eQ‡i my` Avmj 4000 UvKv n‡j Avmj KZ?
100 × my` Avmj
Avmj =
100 + (my‡`i nvi × mgq)
100 × 4000 400000
= = 140 = 2857.14 UvKv (Ans)
100 + (10 × 4)


 e„Ë I wÎf‚R msµvšÍ (GKwU Avi GKwUi wfZi Ae¯’vb Ki‡j)
K) e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †K›`ª n‡Z cwiwa‡K ¯úk© K‡i mgwØevû wÎf‚R _vK‡j Ges e¨mva© †`Iqv _vK‡j,

m~Î:-

√3
wÎf‚‡Ri †ÿÎdj = (e¨mva©)2
4

11
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
L) mg‡KvYx wÎf‚‡Ri †ÿ‡Î,

m~Î:-
1
wÎf‚‡Ri †ÿÎdj = (e¨mva©)2
2

M) hw` mg‡KvYx wÎf‚‡Ri wfZ‡i e„Ë _v‡K Ges e„ËwU wÎf‚‡Ri wZbwU evû‡KB ¯úk© K‡i Zvn‡j,
m~Î:-
e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj =
2 × mg‡KvYx wÎf‚‡Ri †ÿÎdj
GLv‡b = mg‡KvYx wÎf‚‡Ri cwimxgv

N) mgwØevû wÎf‚‡Ri †ÿ‡Î

hw` †Kvb mgwØevny wÎf‚‡Ri wfZ‡i e„Ë _v‡K (e„ËwU wÎf‚‡Ri wZbwU evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i), Zvn‡j e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj-

m~Î:- e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = ( = mgwØevû wÎf‚‡Ri evû)

O) hw` †Kvb e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i mgwØevû wÎf‚R _v‡K (wÎf‚‡Ri wZbwU kxl© we›`y e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡K ¯úk© K‡i), Zvn‡j e„‡Ëi
†ÿÎdj,

m~Î:- e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = ( = mgwØevû wÎf‚‡Ri evû)

12
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 GKB msL¨vi eM©g~j msµvšÍ
√
m~Î 1 : - + + √ +. … … … … … … … … … … ∞ =

√
m~Î 2 : - − − √ −. … … … … … … … … … … ∞ =

m~Î 3 : - √ .…………………………… ∞ =

(hLb BbwdwbU ch©šÍ _v‡K)

hLb msL¨K _v‡K,

( )÷
m~Î 4 : - √ .…………………………… =

Ex: 1

2 2 2 2√2 = ? [uttara bank - 2017]

GLv‡b, n = 5, P=2
( )÷

( )÷
= (Ans)

 RbmsL¨v ev †Kvb wRwb‡mi evwl©K kZKiv n«vm/e„w× msµvšÍ

m~Î:- 1
hw` †Kvb kn‡ii RbmsL¨v †`Iqv _v‡K Ges evwl©K kZKiv e„w×i nvi r% †`Iqv _v‡K Zvn‡j,
r
n eQi ci RbmsL¨v = P ( 1 + )
100
Avevi,
P
n eQi c~‡e© RbmsL¨v = r
( 1 + 100 ) n

13
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
m~Î:- 2
hw` †Kvb kn‡ii RbmsL¨v †`Iqv _v‡K Ges evwl©K kZKiv n«v‡mi nvi r % †`Iqv _v‡K Zvn‡j,
r
n eQi ci RbmsL¨v = P ( 1 - )
100
Avevi,
P
n eQi c~‡e© RbmsL¨v = r n
(1- )
100

Ex: 1
hw` †Kvb kn‡ii RbmsL¨v 200000 nq Ges evwl©K kZKiv e„w×i nvi 5% nq| Zvn‡j 3 eQi ci RbmsL¨v KZ n‡e?
2 eQi c~‡e© RbmsL¨v KZ wQj?
1g †ÿ‡Î,
GLv‡b, P = 200000, r = 5%, n = 3
r
3 eQi ci RbmsL¨v n‡e = P ( 1 + )
100
5
= 200000 ( 1 + ) 3 = 200000 × 1.1576 = 231525 Rb (Ans)
100
2q †ÿ‡Î,
GLv‡b, P = 200000, r = 5%, n = 2
P
2 eQi c~‡e© RbmsL¨v = r
(1+ )n
100
200000
= 5
(1+ )2
100
200000
=
1.1025
= 181405.89 = 181406 Rb (cÖvq) (Ans)
Ex: 2
‡Kvb kn‡ii eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v 4 jÿ| kniwUi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi kZKiv 20 Rb n‡j, 2 eQi c‡i kn‡ii RbmsL¨v
KZ n‡e? (mw¤§wjZ 8 wU e¨sK evwZjK…Z - wmwbqi Awdmvi cixÿvq G‡m‡Q)

GLv‡b, P = 400000, r = 20%, n = 2

r
3 eQi ci RbmsL¨v n‡e = P ( 1 + )
100
20
= 400000 ( 1 + )2
100
= 400000 × 1.1576
= 576000 Rb (Ans)

14
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 KvR I mgq msµvšÍ AsK mn‡R Kivi †KŠkj
30 †m‡K‡Û AsK ¸‡jv K‡i †djyb gvÎ 5 wU †UKwb‡K
1. KvR, mgq I †jvK D‡jøL _vK‡j-
1g ‡jvK M1) * 1g mgq T1) = 2q †jvK M2) * 2q mgq T2)
ev, 2q mgq = 1g ‡jvK * 1g mgq ÷ 2q †jvK
‡hgb,
cÖkœt 10 Rb †jvK GKwU KvR 20 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| 8 Rb †jv‡Ki H KvRwU Ki‡Z KZw`b jvM‡e?
kU© †UKwbK:
2q mgq = 1g ‡jvK * 1g mgq ÷ 2q †jvK
2q mgq D1) = 10 * 20 ÷ 8 = 25 w`b|
2. Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î cyiæl = ¯¿x/evjK ev ¯¿x = cyiæl/evjK Ges 1g mgq D‡jøL _vK‡j 2q mgq-
T2 = T1 ÷ 3q †jvKmsL¨v/1g †jvKmsL¨v + 4_© †jvKmsL¨v/2q †jvKmsL¨v|
GLv‡b T1 = 1g mgq T2 = 2q mgq
‡hgb-
cÖkœt 2 Rb cyiæl ev wZbRb evjK †h KvR 15 w`‡b m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i, PviRb cyiæl Ges 9 Rb evjK Zvi wظb KvR
KZ w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i?
kU© †UKwbK:
D1= 15 ÷ 4/2+9/3 = 3 w`‡b|
3. ‡Kvb KvR `yR‡b wbw`©ó mg‡q c„_Kfv‡e †kl Ki‡j GK‡Î KvR Kivi †ÿ‡Î-
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = 1g mgq m)* 2q mgq n) ÷ 1g mgq m) + 2q mgq n)
‡hgb -
cÖkœt GKwU KvR K GKv 6 w`‡b Ges L GKv 12 w`‡b †kl Ki‡j K I L GK‡Î KvRwU KZw`‡b †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
kU© †UKwbK:
= 12 * 6 ÷ 12 + 6 = 4 w`‡b|
4. ‡Kvb KvR `yBR‡b wbw`©ó mgq GK‡Î Ki‡Z cvi‡j GKR‡bi GKv KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z-
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = 1g mgq m)* 2q mgq n) ÷ 1g mgq m) - 2q mgq n)
‡hgb -
cÖkœt GKwU KvR K Ges L 12 w`‡b Ges K GKv 20 w`‡b †kl Ki‡j, L GKv KvRwU KZw`‡b †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
15
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
kU© †UKwbK:
= 20 * 12 ÷ 20 + 12 = 30 w`‡b|
5. `yB e¨w³ KvR ïiæ Kivi ci GKRb P‡j †M‡j KvR †kl nIqvi mgq hw` GKR‡bi Kv‡Ri mgq Aci R‡bi wظb
nq Z‡e-
KvR †kl nIqvi mgq = 2/3* D1 + D3
GLv‡b, D1 = 1g mgq D3 = 3q mgq
‡hgb -
cÖkœt K GKwU KvR 12 w`‡b Ges L 24 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv GK‡Î KvR Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges K‡qK w`b ci K KvRwU
Amgvß †i‡L P‡j hvq| evwR KvRUzKz L 3 w`‡b †kl K‡i| KvRwU KZ w`‡b †kl n‡qwQj|
kU© †UKwbK:
= 2/3 * 12 + 3 = 10 w`‡b|
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi iv‡R¨ Aj c‡o Ab¨‡`i †P‡q Av‡bK †ewk n‡b ivL‡Z ‡UKwb‡Ki weKí †bB| ZvB GB M‡jv 8/10 evi
cÖ¨vKwUm Kiæb n‡q hv‡e|

 w·KvYwgwZ
jÿ Kiæb t w·KvYwgwZ msµvšÍ GB AsK¸‡jv cvq ................................................ Avm‡Q| KwVb g‡b K‡i
A‡b‡KB Avbmvi K‡i bv| GLvb †_‡K 2 wU AsK †h †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cixÿvq cv‡eb|
gvÎ 10 †m‡K‡Û me©‡gvU 5 wU †UKwb‡K Lye mn‡R AsK¸‡jvi DËi K‡i †djyb|
m~Î 1 t kxl©we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 30° n‡j D”PZv wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-
g‡b ivLyb t D”PZv = [cv`‡`k n‡Z `~iZ¡ ÷ √3]
D`vniY t GKwU wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k n‡Z 20 wgUvi `~‡ii 1 wU ¯’vb n‡Z wgbviwUi kxl©we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 30° n‡j
wgbv‡ii D”PZv KZ? (30 Zg wewmGm mn 7 wU cixÿvq)
mgvavb t D”PZv = [cv`‡`k n‡Z `~iZ¡ ÷ √3]
= 20/√3 (Dt)
m~Î 2 t kxl©we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 60° n‡j D”PZv wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-
g‡b ivLyb t D”PZv = [cv`‡`k n‡Z `~iZ¡ × √3]
D`vniY t GKwU Zvj Mv‡Qi cv`we›`y n‡Z 10 wgUvi `~ieZ©x ¯’vb †_‡K Mv‡Qi kx‡l©i DbœwZ 60° n‡j MvQwUi D”PZv
wbY©q Kiæb|
A_ev, m~‡h©i DbœwZ †KvY 60° n‡j GKwU Mv‡Qi Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi nq| MvQwUi D”PZv KZ? (AZ© gš¿Yvjq 07/
mivóªgš¿Yvjq 2012 mn Av‡iv 8 wU cixÿvq Avm‡Q)
mgvavb t D”PZv = [cv`‡`k n‡Z `~iZ¡ × √3]
= 10√3 = 17.13 (Dt)
(ïay g‡b ivLyb 30° n‡j fvM Ges 60° n‡j ¸b n‡e)
16
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
m~Î 3 t m¤ú~Y© fv‡e wew”Qbœ bv n‡q f~wgi mv‡_ 30° †KvY Drcbœ n‡j f‚wg n‡Z fv½v As‡ki D”PZv wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-
g‡b ivLyb t KZ DuP‡z Z ‡f‡½wQj = [LywUi †gvU ˆ`N©¨ ÷ 3]
D`vniY t GKwU 48 wgUvi j¤^v LywU †f‡½ wM‡q m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wew”Qbœ bv n‡q f‚wgi mv‡_ 30° †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| LywUwU KZ
DuPz‡Z †f‡½wQj? (14 Zg, 25 Zg wewmGm mn, _vbv wktAwdt cvm‡cvU© Bwgt, hye Dbœqb Awat Giæc 14 wU cixÿvq
Avm‡Q)
mgvavb t KZ DuPz‡Z ‡f‡½wQj = [LywUi †gvU ˆ`N©¨ ÷ 3]
= 48 ÷ 3 = 16
[ wet`ªt hviv MwYZ Lye fv‡jv †ev‡Sb Zv‡`i KbwdDkb `~i Kivi Rb¨ ejwQ, (sin = j¤^/f‚wg); m~ÎwU cÖ‡qvM K‡i G
ai‡Yi me AsKB e¨vL¨v mn wi‡U‡bi Rb¨ K‡i †dj‡Z cvi‡eb|]

17
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 ‡gvU kZKiv evwni Kiv
hw` `ywU wfbœ wfbœ wRwbm _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i Avjv`v kZKiv †`Iqv _v‡K| Zvn‡j, †gvU kZKiv evwni Kiv hvq|
m~Î:-
(1g wRwbm × 1g wRwb‡mi kZKiv)+ (2q wRwbm × 2q wRwb‡mi kZKiv)
‡gvU kZKiv =
`ywU wfbœ wfbœ wRwbm؇qi †hvMdj
Ex: 1
GKwU Szwo‡Z 20 wU Kgjv I 10 wU Av‡cj Av‡Q| hw` 15% Kgjv I 30% Av‡cj bó n‡q hvq| Zvn‡j, †gvU
kZKiv KZ dj bó n‡qwQj?

(1g wRwbm × 1g wRwb‡mi kZKiv)+ (2q wRwbm × 2q wRwb‡mi kZKiv)

‡gvU kZKiv =
`ywU wfbœ wfbœ wRwbm؇qi †hvMdj
(20 × 15)+ (10 × 30) 300 + 300
=
20 + 10
= 30
= (600/30) = 20% (Ans)

 PvKv msµvšÍ
hw` `ywU PvKvi cwiwa †`Iqv _v‡K Ges GKwU †_‡K Avi GKwUi KZ †ewk N~Y©b msL¨v †`Iqv _v‡K| Zvn‡j, AwZµvšÍ
`~iZ¡ evwni Kiv hvq|

m~Î:- AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = PvKvi cwiwa `ywUi j,mv,¸ × †ewk N~Y©b msL¨v

Ex: 1
GKwU Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKvi cwiwa 2 wgUvi Ges wcQ‡bi PvKvi cwiwa 3 wgUvi| MvwowU KZ `~i †M‡j mvg‡bi PvKv
wcQ‡bi PvKvi †P‡q 10 evi †ewk Nyi‡e?

PvKvi cwiwa؇qi j,mv,¸ = 2 I 3 Gi j,mv,¸ = 6 ‡ewk N~Y©b msL¨v =10

AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = PvKvi cwiwa `ywUi j,mv,¸ × †ewk N~Y©b msL¨v

= 6× 10 = 60 wgUvi (Ans)

18
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 wÎf‚R I e„Ë msµvšÍ
hw` e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i wÎf‚R _v‡K Ges wÎf‚RwU e„‡Ëi †iLvsk n‡Z KZ Dc‡i Av‡Q †`Iqv _vK‡j Zvn‡j,

4 d
e„‡Ëi †iLvs‡ki †ÿÎdj = h2 - 0.608 [ = e¨vm ]
3 h

 Dce„Ë
Dce„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r 1 I r 2 †`Iqv _vK‡j,

r1 2 + r2 2
Dce„‡Ëi cwimxgv = 2π
2

Dce„‡Ëi ‡ÿÎdj = × ×

19
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 KvR I kÖwgK msµvšÍ
K) `ywU MÖæc _vK‡e (‡hgb :- cyiæl-gwnjv, evjK-evwjKv, cyiæl-evjK BZ¨vw`)|
Zvn‡j, cÖ‡kœ D‡jøwLZ cÖ_g MÖæ‡ci cyiæl ev evjK n‡j M1 Ges gwnjv n‡j W1 I mgq‡K T1 awi| c‡ii MÖæ‡ci cyiæl
ev evjK n‡j M2 Ges gwnjv n‡j W2 Ges mgq‡K T2 awi|
× ×
m~Î:- T2 =
Ex:-
hw` 3 Rb cyiæl I 5 Rb gwnjv GKwU KvR 20 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j 4 Rb cyiæl I 10 gwnjv H KvR KZw`‡b
Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
GLv‡b,
M1 = 3 W1 = 5 T1 = 20
M2 = 4 W2 = 10 T2 = ?
× ×
T2 =

3×5×20
= = 6 w`b (Ans)
(3×10)+(4×5)

L) `yB Rb _vK‡e| GKRb GKwU KvR M w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| `yB Rb GK‡Î KvRwU N w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j,
wØZxq Rb KvRwU KZw`‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡e?

m~Î:- 2q Rb KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡e =

Ex:-
A GKwU KvR 10 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| A I B KvRwU GK‡Î 6 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| B KvRwU KZ w`‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
GLv‡b,
M = 10 w`b B=? N = 6 w`b
10×6 60
2q Rb KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡e = = = = 15 w`b (Ans)
10- 6 4

M) wZbRb _vK‡j| wZb R‡bi Kv‡Ri mgq Avjv`v fv‡e †`Iqv _vK‡j| wZbRb GK‡Î KZw`‡b KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
G‡ÿ‡Î, wZbR‡bi Kv‡Ri mgq a, b, c ai‡j Ges mgq T n‡j,

m~Î:- T= × × ×
Ex:-
wZbRb kÖwgK GKwU KvR h_vµ‡g 12, 15 Ges 20 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Giv GK‡Î KvRwU KZ w`‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
20
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
GLv‡b,
a = 12 w`b b = 15 w`b c = 20 w`b T=?
12×15×20
T= = = 5 w`b (Ans)
× × × 12×15+15×20+20×12

 AbycvZ, mgvbycvZ
K) `ywU wgkÖ‡Y MwVZ GKwU c`v‡_©i IRb _vK‡e| AbycvZ؇qi 2q ivwk GKB _vK‡e| Zvn‡j wK cwigvY wgkv‡j 2q
AbycvZ n‡e evwni Kiv hv‡e|

m~Î:-
cÖ_g wgkÖ‡Yi cwigvY
‡gkv‡bvi cwigvY = cÖ_g Avbycv‡Zi mgwó × AbycvZ؇qi c~e© ivwki (1g) ivwki cv_©K¨

Ex:-
GKwU Zvgv wgwkÖZ †mvbvi Mnbvi IRb 16 MÖvg| H Mnbvq †mvbv I Zvgvi AbycvZ 3 : 1| G‡Z wK cwigvY †mvbv wgkv‡j
MnbvwU‡Z †mvbv I Zvgvi AbycvZ n‡e 4 : 1?
GLv‡b,
1g wgkÖ‡Yi AbycvZ = 16 MÖvg
1g AbycvZ = 3 : 1 2q AbycvZ = 4 : 1
‡gkv‡bvi cwigvb = ?
cÖ_g wgkÖ‡Yi cwigvY
‡gkv‡bvi cwigvY = cÖ_g Avbycv‡Zi mgwó × AbycvZ؇qi c~e© ivwki (1g) ivwki cv_©K¨

16 16
= 3+1 × (4 - 3) = 4 × 1 = 4 MÖvg (Ans)

L) GKwU AbycvZ †`Iqv _vK‡e| GKwUi Dcv`vb †_‡K Avi GKwUi Dcv`vb KZ †ewk †`Iqv _vK‡e| Zvn‡j, †h‡Kvb
GKwU wK cwigv‡b Av‡Q evwni Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡gvU cv_©‡K¨i cwigvY
m~Î:- cwigvY = Avbycv‡Zi we‡qvMdj × cÖ‡qvRbxq Abycv‡Zi gvb

Ex:-
GKwU R‡M `ya I cvwbi AbycvZ 7 : 3| `y‡ai cwigvb cvwb A‡cÿv 8 wjUvi †ewk n‡j, cvwbi cwigvb KZ?
GLv‡b,
‡gvU cv_©‡K¨i cwigvb = 4 wjUvi
Abycv‡Zi we‡qMdj = 7 - 3 = 4
21
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
cÖ‡qvRbxq Abycv‡Zi gvb (A_©vr cvwbi Abycv‡Zi gvb) = 3
‡gvU cv_©‡K¨i cwigvY
cvwbi cwigvY = Avbycv‡Zi we‡qvMdj × cÖ‡qvRbxq Abycv‡Zi gvb

8 8
= 7 - 3 × 3 = 4 × 3 = 6 MÖvg (Ans)

 cÖvYx welqK - jvd, `~iZ¡

jvd jvd
m~Î:- 1g cÖvYx : 2q cÖvYx = jv‡d hZ `~iZ¡ : jv‡d hZ `~iZ¡

Ex:- 1
GKwU Li‡Mvk‡K aivi Rb¨ KzKzi Zvov K‡i| KzKzi †h mg‡q 4 jvd †`q Li‡Mvk †m mg‡q 5 evi jvd †`q| Li‡Mvk 4
jv‡d hZ`~i hvq KzKzi 2 jv‡d ZZ`~i hvq| KzKyi I Li‡Mv‡ki MwZ‡e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ?
jvd jvd
m~Î:- KzKzi : Li‡Mvk = jv‡d hZ `~iZ¡ : jv‡d hZ `~iZ¡

4 5
=2 :4

4 5
=2 ×4: 4 ×4 (G‡ÿ‡Î Li‡Mv‡ki I KzKz‡ii `~i‡Z¡i Abycv‡Zi Dfq cv‡k ¸b K‡i Ki‡Z
n‡e ev `~i‡Z¡i j,mv,¸ Ki‡Z n‡e|)
= 8 : 5 (Ans)
Ex:- 2
GKwU KzKzi GKwU Li‡Mvk‡K aivi Rb¨ Zvov K‡i| KzKzi †h mg‡q 4 jvd †`q Li‡Mvk †m mg‡q 5 evi jvd †`q|
KzKzi 5 jv‡d hZ`~i hvq, Li‡Mvk 6 jv‡d ZZ`~i hvq| Zv‡`i MwZ‡e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ?
jvd jvd
KzKz‡ii MwZ‡eM : Li‡Mv‡ki MwZ‡eM = jv‡d hZ `~iZ¡ : jv‡d hZ `~iZ¡

4 5
=5 :6

4 5
= 2 × 30 : 4 × 30 (5, 6 Gi j,mv,¸ = 30)

= 8 : 5 (Ans)

22
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 weµq I Kwgkb msµvšÍ
K) †gvU Kwgkb evwni Kiv,

% Kwgkb × †gvU weµqg~j¨

m~Î:- ‡gvU Kwgkb = 100
Ex:-
GKRb we‡µZv †gvU weµ‡qi 450000 UvKv Ges weµ‡qi Dci 1.25% Kwgkb cvq| H gv‡m †m KZ UvKv Kwgkb
cvq?
% Kwgkb = 1.25 †gvU weµq g~j¨ = 450000 UvKv
‡gvU Kwgkb = ?
% Kwgkb × †gvU weµqg~j¨
‡gvU Kwgkb = 100
1.25 × 450000
= 100 = 5625 UvKv (Ans)

L) Kwgkb _vK‡e, †gvU weµqg~j¨ evwni Kiv,

100 × †gvU weµqg~j¨

m~Î:- ‡gvU weµqg~j¨ = % Kwgkb
[ Avevi, †gvU Kwgkb = †gvU Avq - gvwmK †eZb ]
Ex:-
GKRb we‡µZvi †eZb 4500 UvKv Ges weµ‡qi Dci †eZ‡bi mv‡_ 1.25% Kwgkb cvb| we‡µZvi gvwmK Avq 7500
UvKv n‡j, †m †gvU KZ UvKv weµq K‡i‡Qb?
GLv‡b,
% Kwgkb = 1.25
‡gvU Avq = 7500 UvKv gvwmK †eZb = 4500 UvKv
‡gvU Kwgkb = †gvU Avq - gvwmK †eZb
= 7500 - 4500 = 3000 UvKv
100 × †gvU weµqg~j¨
‡gvU weµqg~j¨ = % Kwgkb
100 × 3000
= 1.25
= 240000 UvKv (Ans)
23
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 exRMwYZ msµvšÍ
K) e‡M©i †ÿ‡Î,

hw`, x = √ + √ nq, Z‡e x2 + = KZ ?

mvaviY wbq‡g A‡bK mgq jvM‡e| GB m~Î w`‡q `ªæZ Kiv hvq|

m~Î:- x2 + = (2 × eo gvb)2 - 2
Ex:-

hw`, x = √6 + √5 nq, Z‡e x2 + = KZ ?

x2 + = (2 × eo gvb)2 - 2

= (2 × √6)2 -2
= (2 × 4) -2
= 24 - 2 = 22 (Ans)
K) e‡M©i †ÿ‡Î,
hw`, x = √ + √ nq, Z‡e x3 + = KZ ?

m~Î:- †hvM wPý _vK‡j,

x3 + = (2 × eo gvb)3 - 3(2 × eo gvb)
we‡qvM wPý _vK‡j,
x3 - = (2 × ‡QvU gvb)3 + 3(2 × ‡QvU gvb)
Ex:- 1

hw`, x = √3 + √5 nq, Z‡e x3 + = KZ ?

x3 + = (2 × eo gvb)3 - 3(2 × eo gvb)

= (2 × √5)3 - 3(2 × √5)

= 8 × 5√5 - 6√5
= 40√5 - 6√5
= 34√5 (Ans)
24
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
Ex:- 2

hw`, x = √3 + √2 nq, Z‡e x3 - = KZ ?

x3 - = (2 × ‡QvU gvb)3 + 3(2 × ‡QvU gvb)

= (2 × √2)3 + 3(2 × √2)

= 8 × 2 × √5 + 6√5
= 16√5 + 6√5
= 22√5 (Ans)

 exRMwY‡Zi fvM‡kl wbY©q

wbqg:- cÖ‡kœ †`Iqv fvR‡K k~Y¨ a‡i X Gi gvb evwni Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, †Kvb fvR¨‡K †h fvRK msL¨v
Øviv fvM Kiv nq †mB fvRK msL¨vwU‡K k~Y¨ a‡i X Gi gvb †ei Kiv| Gici cÖvß G· Gi gvb‡K H
fvR¨‡Z ewm‡q †h fvM‡kl cvIqv hv‡e †mwUB DËi n‡e|
Ex:- 1
(X + 3)(X - 3) ‡K X2 - 6 w`‡q fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e?
mvaviY wbq‡g †hfv‡e Kwi,
(X + 3)(X - 3) = X2 - 9
∴ X2 - 6 ) X2 - 9 ( 1
X2 - 6
-3

∴ fvM‡kl = - 3 (Ans)
kU©KvU wbqg,

fvRK = 0, A_©vr, X2 - 6 = 0 ∴ X = √6
(X + 3)(X - 3)
= X2 - 9
= (√6)2 - 9
=6-9
=-3
∴ fvM‡kl = - 3 (Ans)

25
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
Ex:- 2
x4 - 4x3 + 5x2 + 8x - 10 ‡K x - 3 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e?
awi, fvRK = 0, A_©vr, x-3=0 ∴x=3
GLb x Gi gvb fvR¨‡Z mwm‡q cvB,
x4 - 4x3 + 5x2 + 8x - 10
= (3)4 - 4(3)3 + 5(3)2 + 8(3) - 10
= 81 - 108 + 45 + 24 - 10
= 150 - 118
= 32
∴ fvM‡kl = 32 (Ans)

 fvRK wbY©q
K) wbqg:- cÖwZwU m~P‡Ki (cvIqvi) mv‡_ Avjv`v Avjv`v 1 †hvM K‡i c‡i ¸b Ki‡j fvRK msL¨v evwni
n‡e|
Ex:- 1
72 Gi fvRK KqwU?
2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3
∴ (2) = (2)4
3 Ges (3)2 = (3)3
fvRK = m~P‡Ki (cvIhvi) ¸bdj = 4 × 3 = 12 (Ans)
Ex:- 2
360 Gi fvRK KqwU?
2 360
2 180
2 90
3 45
3 15
5
∴ (2)3+1 = (2)4, (3)2+1 = (3)3 Ges (5)1+1 = 52
fvRK = m~P‡Ki (cvIhvi) ¸bdj = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 (Ans)

26
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
L) m~Î:- fvR¨ = fvRK × fvMdj + fvM‡kl
Ex:-
2960 †K †Kvb wbw`©ó msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj 33 I fvM‡kl 23 _vK‡e? [ fvRK A_©vr hv Øviv fvM Kiv nq ]
GLv‡b,
fvR¨ = 2960 fvMdj = 33 fvM‡kl = 23
fvRK = ? [hv Øviv fvM Kiv nq]
Avgiv Rvwb,
fvR¨ = fvRK × fvMdj + fvM‡kl
⇒ 2960 = fvRK × 33 + 23
⇒ fvRK = (2960 - 23) ÷ 33
= 2937 ÷ 33 = 89 (Ans)

 `yB msL¨vi eM© wbY©q

1g wbqg:- ‡h `yB msL¨v _vK‡e H `yB msL¨vi 1g msL¨vi mv‡_ (1g msL¨v + 1) ¸b K‡i cÖvß dj‡K GK
cv‡k ivL‡Z n‡e| Gici 2q msL¨vi mv‡_ 2q msL¨v ¸b K‡i 1g msL¨vi mv‡_ Ry‡o w`‡jB `yB msL¨vi
eM© cvIqv hv‡e|
Ex:- 1 (35)2 = ?
GLv‡b, 1g msL¨v = 3 2q msL¨v = 5
msL¨vwUi 1g msL¨vi mv‡_ (1g msL¨v + 1) ¸b = 3 × (3 + 1) = 3 × 4 = 12
2q msL¨vi mv‡_ 2q msL¨vi ¸b = 5 × 5 = 25
1g d‡ji mv‡_ 2q dj Ry‡o w`‡j ev cvkvcvwk ivL‡j cvB = 1225
∴ (35)2 = 1225 (Ans)
mvaviYfv‡e †hfv‡e K‡i _vwK,
35
35
175
105x
1225

27
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
2q wbqg:- mvaviYfv‡e †hfv‡e K‡i _vwK,
35
2
Ex:- 2 (89) = ? 35
175
awi, a = 8 b=9
105x
b2 = 92 = 81, 1 wj‡L nv‡Z _vK‡e = 8 1225
2ab = 2 × 8 × 9 = 144 + (b2 Gi nv‡Zi 8) = 152,
2 wj‡L nv‡_ _vK‡e 15
a2 = 82 = 64 + (2ab Gi nv‡Zi 15) = 79
Zvn‡j, a2 2ab b2 = 7921
a2 2ab b2

92 = 81 = 8 1
a2 = 8 2ab = 2 × 8 × 9 = 144
= 64 ∴ 144 + 8 = 15 2
= 64 + 15
= 79

Zvn‡j, a2 2ab b2 ‡_‡K cvIqv msL¨v¸‡jv cvkvcvwk emv‡jB 89 eM© = 7921 cvIqv hv‡e|
(wet`ªt- mvaviY wbq‡g Avgiv K¨vjKz‡jUi Qvov †hfv‡e `yB msL¨vi eM© K‡i _vwK Zv `ªæZ g‡b n‡e| KviY Gfv‡e Avgiv
cÖ¨vw±m K‡iwQ ev K‡i Af¨¯Í| wKš‘ Dc‡ii wbqg `ywU cÖ¨vw±m Ki‡j mvaviY wbq‡gi †P‡q `ªæZ eM© evwni Kiv hv‡e|
cÖ¨vw±‡mi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e `ªæZZv|)

 e„‡Ëi Pvc I e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj msµvšÍ

AB = s = e„‡Ëi Pvc
r = e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
AOB = e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj
∠AOB =

28
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
K) e„‡Ëi †KvY I e¨vmva© _vK‡j e„Ë Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ evwni Kiv hvq|
m~Î:- s = [ s = e„Ë Pv‡ci ‰`N©¨ ]
L) e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© I Pvc †`Iqv _vK‡j e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj evwni Kiv hvq|
m~Î:- e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj =
M) e„‡Ëi †KvY I e¨vmva© _vK‡j e„Ëvs‡ki ‡ÿÎdj evwni Kiv hvq|
m~Î:- e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj = × r2
Ex:- 1 (35)2 = ?
GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 12 †mwg. Ges e„‡Ëi GKwU Pvc †K›`ª 65 wWwMÖ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ I e„Ëvs‡ki
†ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki?
GLv‡b, r = 12 †mwg. θ = 65 wWwMÖ s=?
Avgiv Rvwb, e„ËPvc,
. × × .
s= = = = 13.61 †mwg. (Ans)

Avevi,
e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj =
. ×
= = 13.60 × 6 = 81.66 eM© †mwg. (Ans)

Ex:- 2
44 wgUvi e¨vm wewkó e„‡Ëi GKwU †iLvsk †K‡›`ª 75 wWwMÖ †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj KZ n‡e?
GLv‡b, r = 22 †mwg. θ = 75 wWwMÖ e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,

e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj = × π r2

= × 3.1416 × 222
× .
= = 316.778 wgUvi (Ans)

 AvqZ‡ÿÎ msµvšÍ
K) KY© I ‰`N©¨ †`Iqv _vK‡j †ÿÎdj evwni Kiv
2
m~Î:- †ÿÎdj = ( KY© - cÖ¯’2 ) × cÖ¯’
29
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
L) KY© I cÖ¯’ †`Iqv _vK‡j †ÿÎdj evwni Kiv
2 2
m~Î:- †ÿÎdj = ( KY© - ‰`N©¨ ) × ‰`N©¨

Ex:- GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ 10 wgUvi I K‡Y©j ˆ`N©¨ 15 wgUvi n‡j, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj evwni Ki|
mvaviY wbq‡g Avgiv †hfv‡e K‡i _vwK,
GLv‡b, cÖ¯’ = 10 wgUvi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 15 wgUvi
awi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ‰`N©¨ = a Ges cÖ¯’ = b = 10 wgUvi n‡j,
‡ÿÎdj = ab
K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = √a + b = 15 wgUvi

∴ √a + b = 15

⇒ √a + 10 = 15
⇒ a + 100 = 15 [ eM© K‡i ]
⇒ a = 225 - 100
⇒ a = 125

⇒ a = √5 + 5
⇒ a = 5√5
∴ ‡ÿÎdj = ab = 5√5 × 10

= 50√5 eM©wgUvi (Ans)

kU© †UKwb‡K,
GLv‡b, cÖ¯’ = 10 wgUvi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 15 wgUvi
Avgiv Rvwb,
2
†ÿÎdj = ( KY© - cÖ¯2’ ) × cÖ¯’

= (√15 − 10 ) × 10

= (√225 − 100) × 10

= (√125) × 10

= 5√5 × 10
= 50√5 eM©wgUvi (Ans)
30
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
M) AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv evwni Kiv
‰`N©¨i ev cÖ‡¯’i hZ¸b †`Iqv _vK‡e,
m~Î:- ‰`N©¨ = √‡ÿÎdj × hZ¸b
‡ÿÎdj
m~Î:- cÖ¯’ =
hZ¸b

∴ cwimxgv = 2 (‰`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)

Ex:-
GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ we¯Ív‡ii wظb| †ÿÎdj 512 eM©wgUvi n‡j, cwimxgv KZ wgUvi?
GLv‡b, ˆ`‡N©¨i hZ¸b ‡`Iqv Av‡Q&
hZ¸b = we¯Ív‡ii wظb = 2

‰`N©¨ = √‡ÿÎdj × hZ¸b

= √512 × 2 = 32

‡ÿÎdj
cÖ¯’ =
hZ¸b

= = 16

∴ cwimxgv = 2 (‰`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)

= 2 (32 + 16)
= 96 wgUvi (Ans)

31
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 eM©
ewa©Z eM©‡ÿÎ I AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi kZKiv e„w×i cwigvY wbY©qt
 UvBc - 1
ewa©Z eM©‡ÿÎ †ÿÎdj wbY©q eM© †ÿ‡Îi cÖwZwU evû K% e„w× n‡j †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?
‡UKwbK t ewa©Z †ÿÎdj = K^2/100
mgm¨v t GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZevû 10% e„w× n‡j †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?
mgvavb t ewa©Z †ÿÎdj = 110^2/100= 121%
myZivs †ÿÎdj e„w× = (121 - 100) = 21% (DËi)
 UvBc - 2
ewa©Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ K% e„w× Ges L% n«vm †c‡j †ÿÎd‡ji kZKiv wK cwieZ©b
n‡e?
‡UKwbK t ewa©Z †ÿÎdj = (ewa©Z ˆ`N©¨ × n«vmK…Z cÖ¯’) / 100
mgm¨v t GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ‰`N©¨ 20% e„w× Ges 10% n«vm †c‡j †ÿÎd‡ji kZKiv wK cwieZ©b n‡e?
mgvavb t ewa©Z †ÿÎdj = (120 × 90) / 100 = 108
myZivs †ÿÎdj e„w× = (108 - 100)%
= 8% (DËi)
e‡M©i AšÍi ev cv_©K¨ †`Iqv _vK‡j, eo msL¨vwU wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-
 cÖkœaiY t e‡M©i AšÍi ev cv_©K¨ †`Iqv _vK‡j, eo msL¨vwU wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-
‡UKwbK t eo msL¨v = (e‡M©i AšÍi + 1) ÷ 2
D`v t `yBwU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi hw` 47 nq Z‡e eo msL¨vwU KZ?
mgvavb t eo msL¨v = (47 + 1) ÷ 2 = 24
 cÖkœaiY t e‡M©i AšÍi ev cv_©K¨ †`Iqv _vK‡j, ‡QvU msL¨vwU wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-
‡UKwbK t eo msL¨v = (e‡M©i AšÍi - 1) ÷ 2
D`v t `yBwU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi hw` 33 nq Z‡e ÿz`ªZg msL¨vwU KZ n‡e?
mgvavb t eo msL¨v = (33 - 1) ÷ 2 = 16 (DËi)
 cÖ‡kœ hZ eo .... ZZ †QvU/ZZ †QvU .... hZ eo D‡jøL _vK‡j msL¨v wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î,
‡UKwbK t msL¨vwU = (cÖ`Ë msL¨v `ywUi †hvMdj) ÷ 2
D`v t GKwU msL¨v 742 †_‡K hZ eo 830 †_‡K ZZ †QvU| msL¨vwU KZ?
mgvavb t msL¨vwU = (742 + 830) ÷ 2 = 786 (DËi)
(4) 1-10 ch©šÍ 4 wU h_v t 2, 3, 5, 7
(4) 11-20 ch©šÍ 4 wU h_v t 11, 13, 17, 19
(2) 21-30 ch©šÍ 2 wU h_v t 23, 29
(2) 31-40 ch©šÍ 2 wU h_v t 31, 37
(3) 41-50 ch©šÍ 3 wU h_v t 41, 43, 47
(2) 51-60 ch©šÍ 2 wU h_v t 53, 59
(2) 61-70 ch©šÍ 2 wU h_v t 61, 67
(3) 71-80 ch©šÍ 3 wU h_v t 71, 73, 79
32
(2) 81-90 ch©šÍ 2 wU h_v t 83, 89
(1) 91-100 ch©šÍ 1 wU h_v t 97
‡gvU 25 wU
11 †_‡K 99 ch©šÍ eM© Kivi ‡KŠkj
m~Î t (xy)^2 = abc [‡hLv‡b; b, c GKwU K‡i msL¨v Ges a GK ev GKvwaK msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i]
Ges a = x^2
b = 2xy
c = y^2
Gevi 11 Ges 25 eM© Kwi|
(11)^2 = (1^2)(2.1.1)(1^2)
= (1)(2)(1)
= 121
Avevi
(25)^2 = (2^2)(2.2.5)(5^2)
= (4)(20)(25)
= (4)(20+2)5
= (4)(22)5
= (4+2)25
= 625

33
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 30 wjUvi wgkÖ‡Y GwmW I cvwbi AbycvZ 7 : 3| G wgkÖ‡Y wK cwigvY cvwb wgwkÖZ Ki‡j GwmW I cvwbi AbycvZ 3 :
7 n‡e?
mvgvavb t AbycvZ؇qi cv_©K¨ mgvb
A_©vr, 7 - 3 = 4
7-3=4
∴ bZzb wgkÖ‡Yi cwigvY,
= (‡gvU wgkÖY ÷ Abycv‡Zi †QvU msL¨v) × cv_©K¨
= (30 ÷ 3) × 4
= 10 × 4
= 40 wjUvi (Ans)
 25 MÖvg †mvbvi Mnbvq Zvgv I †mvbvi AbycvZ 4 : 1| MnbvwU‡Z Avi KZUzKz †mvbv wgkv‡j G‡Z †mvbv I Zvgvi
AbycvZ 5 : 1 n‡e?
mvgvavb t Abycv‡Zi cv_©K¨ wfbœ, 4 - 1 = 3
5-1=4
∴ bZzb wgkÖ‡Yi cwigvY, = (25 ÷ 1g Abycv‡Zi mgwó)
= (25 ÷ 5) MÖvg
= 5 MÖvg
 GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 20% evov‡j Ges cÖ¯’ 10% Kgv‡j ‡ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ cwieZ©b n‡e?
FS
mgvavb t m~Ît F + S + 100
g‡b ivL‡eb, evo‡j (+) n‡e|
Kg‡j (-) n‡e|
∴ F = 20(+)
S = 10(-)
AZGe,
FS
F + S + 100
20(-10)
= 20 - 10 + 100
-200
= 10 + 100
= 10 - 2
= (+)8% e„w× (Ans)
 12 Ges 96 Gi g‡a¨ KqwU msL¨v 4 Øviv wefvR¨?
96 - 12
mgvavb t 4 + 1
= 21 + 1
= 22 (Ans)
A_©vr, 1 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
34
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 72 msL¨vwUi KZ¸‡jv fvRK Av‡Q?
mgvavb t cÖ_‡g Drcv`K K‡i wb‡eb,
2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3
Gi ci m~P‡K cwiYZ Ki‡eb-
72 = 23 × 32
AZtci cvIqv‡ii mv‡_ 1 †hvM K‡i ¸b Ki‡eb|
(3 + 1) × (2 + 1)
=4×3
= 12 (Ans)
 wZbwU msL¨vi ¸bdj 216| `yBwU msL¨v 8 I 9 n‡j Z…Zxq msL¨vwU KZ?
216
mgvavb t
8×9
= 3 (Ans)
 ‡Kvb fMœvskwU eo?
3 2 4 1
(K) 7 (L) 5 (M) 9 (N) 3
mgvavb t ni¸‡jvi ¸b Kiæb = 7 × 5 × 9 × 3
= 945
AZtci,
3 ‡Lqvj Kiæb †h
7 × 945 = 405 djvdjwU eo †m
2 fMœvskwU eo|
5 × 945 = 378
4 Right Ans: (M)
9 × 945 = 420
1
3 × 945 = 315
 ‡Kvb fMœvskwU ‡QvU?
3 2 4 1
(K) 7 (L) 5 (M) 9 (N) 3
mgvavb t Dc‡ii avcmg~n AbymiY Kivi ci †`L‡eb †h djvdjwU †QvU †m fMœvskwU †QvU|
Right Ans: (N)

35
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 1 †_‡K 100 ch©šÍ msL¨vmg~‡ni †hvMdj KZ?
n(n+1)
mgvavb t 2 GLv‡b, n = 100
100×(100+1)
= 2
= 5050 (Ans)
 1 †_‡K 100 ch©šÍ msL¨vmg~‡ni Mo KZ?
n(n+1)
mgvavb t GLv‡b, n = 100
2×n
100×(100+1)
= 0)
2×100
= 2525 (Ans)
0.1×0.02×0.002
 = KZ? mgvavb †KŠkj t Dc‡ii me¸‡jv msL¨v ¸b Kiæb, Ges
0.01×0.04 `kwg‡Ki c‡i hZ¸‡jv msL¨v Av‡Q me¸‡jv msL¨v emvb| †`Lyb
0.000004
= 0.000400 `kwg‡Ki c‡i Dc‡i Av‡Q (6) Ni Ges wb‡PI (6) wgjv‡Z
n‡e| G R‡b¨ evgw`‡K k~Y¨ ewm‡q wb‡eb|
4
= 400
= 0.01 (Ans)
weKí †Póv Kiæb t-
0.01×0.1×0.01
0.02×0.1×0.1
0.0001
= 0.0002
1
=2
= 0.5 (Ans)
 ‡Kvb cixÿvq 52% cixÿv_x© Bs‡iwR‡Z Ges 82% MwY‡Z †dj Kij| hw` Dfq wel‡q 17% †dj K‡i Z‡e
KZRb cixÿv_©x Dfq wel‡q cvk K‡i‡Q?
mgvavb t me †dj Ki‡e cvk Rvb‡Z PvB‡e-
mgvavb †KŠkj t
100 - (F1+ F2-FB)%
= 100 - (52 + 85 - 17)%
= 23% (Ans)
 500 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii my` Ges 600 UvKvi 5 eQ‡ii my` GK‡Î 500 UvKv n‡j, my‡`i nvi KZ?
500 500
mgvavb t = 20+30 = 10% (Ans)
(4×5)+(6×5)

36
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 Nwo‡Z GLb 8 Uv ev‡R, NÈvi KvUv I wgwb‡Ui KvUvi †KvbwU KZ?
34 Zg BCS
mgvavb t - 30H
=
×
- 30×8 M = wgwbU = 0
H = NÈv = 8
= - 240
= 0 - 240
= - 240°
Bnv DËi bq| KviY, (-) wPý G‡m‡Q| hw` gvBbvm wPý Av‡m †m‡ÿ‡Î 360° we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
∴ DËi n‡e = (360° - 240°)
= 120° (Ans)
 (-)wPý bv Avm‡j djvdjB DËi| we‡qvM Kiv jvM‡e bv|
 GKwU cÂf‚‡Ri mgwó KZ mg‡KvY?
34 Zg BCS
kU©KvU,
(n - 2) × 180°
= (5 - 2) × 180°
= 3 × 180° GLv‡b Gb evûi
= 540° msL¨v
= 6 × 90° ∴n=5
= 6 × 1 mg‡KvY
= 1 mg‡KvY (Ans)
 16 Ges 100 Gi g‡a¨ 4 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v KqwU?
18 Zg BCS I Ab¨vb¨ cixÿv
100-16
kU©KvU, = 4 + 1 hZØviv wefvR¨ ej‡e
ZZØviv fvM K‡i 1
= 21 + 1
= 22 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
hZ ZZ
 GKwU msL¨v 650 n‡Z hZ eo 820 n‡Z ZZ †QvU| msL¨vwU KZ? 30 Zg BCS
650+820 `y`K - 04
kU©KvU, = 2
= 735
A_©vr, `yBUv msL¨v †hvM K‡i 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡jB DËi cvIqv hv‡e|
 `yBUv msL¨vi j,mv,¸ 90 Ges M,mv,¸ 15| GKwU msL¨v 45 n‡j AciwU KZ?
90×15
kU©KvU, = 45
= 30 (Aci msL¨v)

37
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 1008 msL¨vwUi KqwU fvRK Av‡Q?
A‡bK cixÿvq G‡m‡Q
kU©KvU t
2 1008
2 504
2 252
2 126
3 63
3 21
7
∴ 1008 = 24 × 32 × 71
‡KŠkj t cvIqvi hZ _vK‡e Zvi mv‡_ Ò1Ó †hvM K‡i me¸‡jv cvIqvi ¸b Ki‡eb| Zvn‡jB DËi cv‡eb|
∴ (5 × 3 × 2) = 30
D t 30
 MZKvj †kqv‡ii `vg 25% †e‡owQj| wKš‘ AvR 25% K‡g‡Q| †kqv‡ii `vg †gvU KZ †e‡o‡Q ev K‡g‡Q?
A×B A‡bK cixÿvq G‡m‡Q
kU©KvU t A + B + 100
GLv‡b, A = + 25% (evo‡j +)
B = - 25% (Kg‡j -)
∴ DËi n‡e,
(25)×(-25)
25 - 25 + 100
-625
= 100
= - 6.25% K‡g‡Q|
 9 Ges 16 Gi ga¨mgvbycvZx KZ?
kU©KvU t
ga¨mgvbycvZx = 1g ivwk × 2q ivwk
= √9 × 16
= 12 (Ans)
 GKwU Rv‡i `ya I cvwbi AbycvZ 7 : 3| `y‡ai cwigvY hw` cvwb A‡cÿv 8 wjUvi †ewk nq Z‡e cvwbi cwigvb KZ?
8 26 Zg BCS
kU©KvU t = 7 - 3 × 3
8
=4×3
= 6 wjUvi (Ans)

38
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
hLb Abycv‡Zi cv_©K¨ wfbœ
 GKwU †mvbvi Mnbvi IRb 16 MÖvg| G‡Z †mvbv I Zvgvi AbycvZ 3 : 1| wK cwigvY †mvbv †gkv‡j AbycvZ 4 : 1
n‡e?
kU©KvU t cÖ_‡g AbycvZ `yBwUi cv_©K¨ †ei Kiæb, 3 - 1 = 2 †`Lyb, cv_©K¨ mgvb bq
4-1=3 A_©r wfbœ wfbœ 2 Ges 3
G‡ÿ‡Î mgvavb n‡e,
(‡gvU IRb ÷ 1g Abycv‡Zi †hvMdj)
= {16 ÷ (3 + 1)}
= (16 ÷ 4)
= 4 MÖvg (Ans)
cyiæl A_ev gwnjv
 3 Rb cyiæl Ges 4 Rb gwnjv GKwU KvR 23 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| KZw`‡b H KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z 2 Rb cyiæl Ges 5
Rb gwnjv jvM‡e?
kU©KvU t
M ×W ×T
M W +M W
3 × 4 × 23
=
15 + 8
= 12 Rb
Ò Note t g‡b ivL‡eb 1g jvBbwU nj
M × W × T Gi gvbÓ

cyiæl gwnjv mgq

1
 wcZv I 3 cy‡Îi eqm A‡cÿv gvZv I D³ 3 cy‡Îi eq‡mi Mo 1 2 eQi Kg| gvZvi eqm 30 eQi n‡j wcZvi
eqm KZ?
 evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ wcZv A‡cÿv gvZv eq‡m Kg n‡q _v‡K| d‡j gvZvi eq‡mi mv‡_ †hvM n‡e|
wcZvi eqm = gvZvi eqm + (Mo hZ Kg × wcZvmn msL¨v)
1
= 30 + (1 2 × 4) eQi
= 36 eQi
 wcZv I wZb cy‡Îi eqm A‡cÿv gvZv I H wZb cy‡Îi eq‡mi Mo 2 eQi Kg| wcZvi eqm 32 eQi n‡j gvZvi
eqm KZ?
∴ gvZvi eqm = wcZvi eqm - (Mo hZ Kg × wcZvmn msL¨v)
= 32 - (2 × 4) eQi
= 24 eQi
 evsjv‡`‡ki ‡cÖÿvc‡U wcZv gvZv A‡cÿv eq‡m eo| ZvB we‡qvM n‡q‡Q|
39
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 `yBwU msL¨vi j,mv,¸ I M,mv,¸ h_vµ‡g 288 I 12| GKwU msL¨v 36 n‡j, Aci msL¨vwU KZ?
288×12
kU©KvU t 36 = 96 (Ans)
 25 †mi Pvj †h `v‡g †Kbv hvq 20 †mi Pvj †m `v‡g wewµ Ki‡j kZKiv KZ jvf n‡e?
25-20
kU©KvU t 20 = 25% (Ans)
 wbw`©ó `v‡g GKwU `ªe¨ weµq Ki‡Z 20% ÿwZ nj| `ªe¨wU 60 UvKv †ewk `v‡g weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡j 10% jvf
nZ| `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ KZ?
100×60
kU©KvU t 20+10 = 200 UvKv (Ans)
 Acy UvKvq 4 wU `‡i wKQz msL¨K Avg wK‡b UvKvq 5 wU `‡i weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ ÿwZ n‡e?
100
kU©KvU t 5 = 20% (Ans)
 GKwU Rv‡i `ya I cvwbi AbycvZ 5 : 1| `y‡ai cwigvY hw` cvwb A‡cÿv 8 wjUvi †ewk nq Z‡e cvwbi cwigvY KZ?
8
kU©KvU t 5-1 × 1 (cvwbi AbycvZ)
= 2 wjUvi (Ans)
‡ewk †hUv
 m~ÎwU nj t Abycv‡Zi cv_©K¨ × cÖ‡kœ hvi K_v ejv _vK‡e Zvi AbycvZ
Dc‡ii cÖ‡kœ cvwbi AbycvZ PvIqv n‡qwQj| wb‡Pi AsKwU Ki‡j Av‡iv wK¬qvi n‡eb|
 GKwU cv‡Î `ya I cvwbi AbycvZ 5 : 2| hw` cvwb A‡cÿv `y‡ai cwigvY 6 wjUvi †ewk nq Z‡e cvwbi cwigvY KZ?
6
kU©KvU t 5-2 × 2
6
=3×2
= 2 wjUvi (Ans)
 K I L Gi †eZ‡bi AbycvZ 7 : 5| K, L A‡cÿv 400 UvKv †ewk †eZb †c‡j, L Gi †eZb KZ?
400
kU©KvU t 7-5 × 5
= 1000 UvKv (Ans)
 500 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii my` Ges 600 UvKvi 5 eQ‡ii my` GK‡Î 750 UvKv n‡j my‡`i nvi KZ?
100 × 750
kU©KvU t
(500 × 4) + (600 × 5)
= 15% (Ans)
 Dc‡ii 100 nj m~‡Îi|
 UvKvq 3 wU K‡i †jey wK‡b UvKvq 2 wU K‡i weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ jvf n‡e?
100 100
kU©KvU t wewµi msL¨v = 2 = 50% (Ans)

40
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 wPwbi g~j¨ 25% K‡g †M‡j wPwbi e¨envi kZKiv wK cwigvY evov‡j GKwU cwiev‡ii wPwbi Li‡Pi †Kvb cwieZ©b
n‡e bv?
kU©KvU t 25 K‡g → 20% ev 33.33%
‡UKwbK t G iKg cÖ‡kœi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡kœ 25 ej‡j Dˇi 20% LyR‡eb| 20% bv †c‡j mwVK DËi n‡e 33.33%|
mwVK Dˇi †h †Kvb GKwU Ackb Aek¨B _vK‡e| Avkv Kwi eyR‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|
 hw` †Z‡ji `vg 25% K‡g hvq, Z‡e †Z‡ji e¨envi kZKiv KZ evov‡j LiP e„w× cv‡e bv? Dt 33.33%
 ‡ccv‡ii `vg 20% K‡g hvIqvq †ccv‡ii `vg kZKiv KZ evov‡j LiP AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e? Dt 25%
 cÖ‡kœ 20 ej‡j DËi n‡e 25| Ab¨_vq 33.33%| Dˇi †h‡Kvb GKwU Ackb _vK‡e|
 What is 10% of 20% of 30% of 4000?
10 20 30
Shortcut : 100 × 100 × 100 × 4000
= 24 (Ans)
1 3
 2 Gi kZKiv KZ 4 n‡e?
1 P 3
kU©KvU t 2 × 100 = 4
∴ P = 150% (Ans)
 90 †Kvb msL¨vi 75%?
P×75
kU©KvU t 100 = 90
∴ P = 120 (Ans)
 12 Ges 96 Gi g‡a¨ KqwU msL¨v 4 Øviv wefvR¨?
96 - 12
kU©KvU t 4 + 1
= 22 (Ans)
 `yBwU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 47| eo msL¨vwU KZ?
47 - 1
kU©KvU t ‡QvU msL¨vwU = 2 = 23
∴ eo msL¨vwU = 23 + 1 = 24 (Ans)
 GB †UKwb‡K eo, †QvU Ges `yBwU msL¨v †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 `yBwU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 47| msL¨vØq KZ?
93 - 1
kU©KvU t ‡QvU msL¨vwU = 2 = 46
∴ eo msL¨vwU = 46 + 1 = 47
DËit 46 Ges 47|
 GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© kZKiv 50% e„w× Ki‡j e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ e„w× cv‡e?
50 × 50
kU©KvU t 50 + 50 + 100
= 125% (Ans)
41
 MwY‡Zi kU© †UKwbK
 GKwU mylg eûf‚‡Ri ewnt¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ n‡j evûi msL¨v 6 wU n‡e?
360
kU©KvU t 6( )° = 60° (Ans)
 GKwU mylg eûf‚‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU ewnt¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 20° n‡j evûi msL¨v KZ?
360
kU©KvU t n( ) = 20
∴ n = 18 (Ans)
 ‡Kvb eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZeûi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× †c‡j, †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?
10×10
kU©KvU t 10 + 10 + 100
= 21% (Ans)
 ‡Kvb eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZeûi ˆ`N©¨ 40% n«vm †c‡j, †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ n«vm cv‡e?
(-40)×(-40)
kU©KvU t 40 - 40 + 100
= 64% (Ans)
 GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 20% evov‡j Ges cÖ¯’ 20% †ÿÎdj KZ n‡e?
20×(-20)
kU©KvU t + 20 - 20 + 100
= - 4% (Ans)
AB
 m~ÎwU nj t A + B ± 100 GLv‡b,
G = ˆ`N©¨ ev cÖ¯’
g‡b ivL‡eb, evo‡j (+) n‡e Ges Kg‡j (-) n‡e|
we = cÖ¯’ ev ˆ`N©¨
AB
 hw` ïay ev‡o Z‡e, A + B + 100 A_©vr, PZzf©~R n‡j ‰`N©¨, cÖ‡¯’i
K_v cÖ‡kœ _vK‡e
(-A)(-B)
 hw` ïay K‡g Z‡e, A - B - 100 * e„Ë n‡j e¨vmv‡a©i KZv cÖ‡kœ
_vK‡e|
(+A)(-B)
 hw` ev‡o Ges K‡g Z‡e, + A - B + 100
 MZKvj †kqv‡ii `vg 25% †e‡owQj, wKš‘ AvR 25% K‡g‡Q| †kqv‡ii `vg †gvU KZ †e‡o‡Q ev K‡g‡Q?
(+A)(-B)
kU©KvU t + A - B + 100
(25)×(-25)
= + 25 - 25 + 100
= - 6.25% (Ans)
 GKwU Nwo 10% ÿwZ‡Z weµq nj| weµqg~j¨ 45 UvKv †ewk n‡j 5% jvf nZ| NwowUi µqg~j¨ KZ?
100×45
kU©KvU t 10+5
= 300 UvKv (Ans)
 wngv 70 km/h †e‡M †Kvb ¯’v‡b wM‡q 55 km/h †e‡M c~‡e©i ¯’v‡b wd‡i Avm‡Z Zvi Mo MwZ‡eM KZ?
2xy 2 × 70 × 55
m~Î t x + y = = 61.6 km/h (Ans)
70 + 55 42