DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB

Constants used in calculation :-

Characteristic strength of steel fy = 415 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 25 N/mm2
Density of reinforced concrete gc = 25 kN/m3
Density of foam concrete gfc = 18 kN/m3
Density of screed concrete gsc = 20 kN/m3

Factor for Limit state design fd = 1.5

Longer span of the slab ly = 12 m

Shorter span of the slab lx = 2.5 m
ly / l x = 4.80 > 2.0, Design the slab as One-way slab with continuous support

Centre to centre distance between supporting beams L= 2.5 m

Effective span Leff = 2.5 m

Effective span is to be calculated as per IS:456-1978, clause 21.20
(Conservatively considering the c/c dist. between supporting beams as the effective span)

Estimation of Loads
Considering overall thickness of the slab Ts = 125 mm
Thickness of foam concrete Tfc = 75 mm
Average thickness of screed concrete Tsc = 75 mm

Dead Load on the roof slab

Considering one meter width of the slab i.e. b= 1000 mm
a) Self weight of the slab, w1 = Ts x gc w1 = 3.125 kN/m2
b) Self weight of the foam concrete, w2 = Tf x gfc w2 = 1.35 kN/m2
c) Self weight of the screed concrete, w3 = Tsc x gsc w3 = 1.5 kN/m2
d) Self weight of bitumen felt, w4 = 40 kg/m2 w4 = 0.40 kN/m2

Total dead load on the roof slab

wd = w1 + w2 + w3 + w4 wd = 6.38 kN/m2

Factored dead load on the roof slab

wud = fd x wd wud = 9.56 kN/m2

Live load on the roof slab wL = 3.00 kN/m2

The roof of the maintenance bay is an in-accessible roof. However, conservatively consider
the roof live load as per PDM for accessible roof (See Ref. )

Factored live load on the roof slab

wuL = fd x wL wuL= 4.50 kN/m2

Clear cover to reinforcement for slab

(Refer LTSL drawing "General Notes for Concrete works" [Link]. 1S04131)
 Clear cover at bottom Ccb = 20 mm
Clear cover at sides Ccs = 20 mm
Clear cover at top Cct = 20 mm

Diameter of reinforcement bars

Main reinforcement at bottom of slab fmb = 10 mm
Distribution reinforcement at bottom of slab fdb = 8 mm
Main reinforcement at top of slab fmt = 10 mm
Distribution reinforcement at top of slab fdt = 8 mm

Effective depth of the slab

Effective depth of slab for bottom reinforcement
deb = Ts - Ccb - ( fmb / 2) deb = 100 mm

Effective depth of slab for top reinforcement

det = Ts - Cct - ( fmt / 2) det = 100 mm

wd + wl
0 2 4 4 4 2 0
1 3 3 3 3 1

L (typ)

Design Steps
With reference to the above sketch the steps followed in the design of slab is as follows:

Step-1 Bending moments & Shear Force at different sections marked above is calculated using the
coefficients given in IS:456-1978, clause 21.5.1, Table No.7 & Table No. 8 on page 52

Step-2 Bending Moment at any section is given by

Mu = ad . wud .Leff2 + aL. wuL. Leff2

Step-3 Shear Force at any section is given by

Vu = ad . wud .Leff + aL. wuL. Leff

Step-4 Calculate k = Mu / b.deb2 and k = Mu / b.det2

Step-5 From SP:16, Percentage of Reinforcement required is calculated as

Pt = 0.5. 100. (fck/fy). {1-sqrt((1 - 4.6*k)/fck)}

Step-6 Minimum Reinforcement ( See IS:456-1978, clause [Link])

Ast,min = (0.12 x b x D) /100 , where D = Ts, overall depth of slab

Step-7 Area of reinforcement required from BM consideration is calculated as:

Ast,Reqd. = Pt x b x d / 100

Step-8 Area of one rebar, Afm = 0.785 x df2

Step-9 Spacing of rebar required is calculated as:

 Spacing = (1000 x Afm) / ( Max.(Astmin , AstReqd)

Step-10 Maximum spacing of main reinforcement (See IS:456-1978, clause 25.3.2(b)(1))

Max. Spacing not > 3 x deff or 450mm whichever is smaller

At sections marked in the sketch above

Sections mkd. --------> 0 1 2 3 4
Description
Step-1 BM coefficient for DL ad 0 0.083 -0.100 0.063 -0.083
BM coefficient for LL aL 0 0.100 -0.111 0.083 -0.111
SF coefficient for DL ad 0.4 0.6 0.5
SF coefficient for LL aL 0.45 0.6 0.6
Step-2 Factored design moments Mu (kN-m) 0 7.79 -9.10 6.08 -8.11

Step-3 Vu (kN) 14.63 21.09 18.70

Factored design shear force

Step-4 k = Mu / b.d2 N/mm2 0.78 0.91 0.61 0.81

Step-5 Pt % 0.22 0.26 0.17 0.23

Step-6 Ast, Min mm2 150 150 150 150

Step-7 Ast,Reqd from BM mm2 224 264 173 234

consideration

Diameter of Main rebar fm (mm) 10 10 10 10

Step-8 Area of one bar Afm (mm2) 78.50 78.50 78.50 78.50

Step-9 Spacing of rebar Reqd. mm 350 298 453 336

Max. allowable spacing as per

Step-10 mm 300 300 300 300
IS:456

Actual spacing provided Sp_prov (mm) 200 200 200 200

Actual Ast,Prov mm2 393 393 393 393

Pt_prov % % 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39

Provide 8 Tor @ 200mm c/c as Main reinforcement at top & bottom

Distribution Steel
Minimum Reinforcement ( See IS:456-1978, clause [Link])
Ast,min = (0.12 x b x D) /100 , where D = Ts, overall depth of slab

Area of distribution reinforcement required Ast_d = 150 mm2

Diameter of distribution reinforcement fdb = 8 mm
Area of one distribution bar Afdb = 50.24 mm2
Spacing of distribution bars required SpD_R = 335 mm
 Maximum spacing of distribution reinforcement (See IS:456-1978, clause 25.3.2(b)(2))
Max. Spacing not > 5 x deff or 450mm whichever is smaller
Max. spacing of distribution reinforcement SpD_A = 450 mm

Provide 8 Tor @ 200mm c/c as distribution bars at top & bottom

Check for Deflection

Actual span to effective depth ratio = Leff / deb Act_s/d = 25.00

Basic span to effective depth ratio B_s/d = 26.00

(IS:456-1978, clause 22.2.1(a), continuous support)

Percentage of main reinforcement provided Pt_prov = 0.39 %

Modification factor (See Fig.3, page 57, IS:456-1978) mf = 1.35

Allowable span to effective depth ratio = B_s/d x mf Allow_s/d = 35.10

Actual span / effective depth is less than Allowable, Hence O.K.

Check for Shear

Maximum shear occurs at support next to end support (point 2)
Factored maximum design shear force Vu = 21.09 kN
% of steel provided at the support Pt_prov = 0.39 %
Nominal shear stress, tv = Vu / [Link] tv = 0.21 N/mm2

As per SP:16. Section 4.1

Allowable shear stress tc is calculated as follows:
tc = 0.85 x (0.8 fck)1/2 x ((1 + 5b)1/2 - 1) / 6b
where, b = 0.8 fck / 6.89 Pt, but b,min = 1.0 b= 7.40
Shear stress, tc tc = 0.44 N/mm2
For solid slabs the permissible shear strength of concrete is given by
Permissible shear strength tc_per = [Link]
where k = 1.30 for Overall depth of slab 150mm or less k= 1.30
(See IS:456-1978, clause [Link])
Permissible shear strength tc_per = [Link] tc_per = 0.57 N/mm2

If tv < tc_per, Safe or else increase the thickness of slab

Safe in shear, Hence O.K.