Syllabus (2022)
NTA UGC-NET Commerce
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NTA UGC-NET (General Paper-1)
Official Syllabus 2022
TIMING OF EXAMINATION
Shifts Timing
First Shift 9:30 AM to 12:30 AM
Second Shift 2:30 PM to 5:30 PM
PAPER - I
Unit-1 : Teaching Aptitude
Teaching : Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and
Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.
Learner’s Characteristics : Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic,
Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.
Factors Affecting Teaching Related To : Teacher, Learner, Support material,
Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.
Methods of Teaching in Institutions of Higher Learning : Teacher centred vs. Learner
centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).
Teaching Support System : Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
Evaluation Systems : Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based
Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation
systems.
NTA UGC-NET (General Paper-1)
Official Syllabus 2022
Unit-2 : Research Aptitude
Research : Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post-positivistic
approach to research.
Methods of Research : Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative
methods.
Steps of Research.
Thesis and Article Writing : Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Research ethics.
Unit-3 : Comprehension
A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.
Unit-4 : Communication
Communication : Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective Communication : Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group
communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.
Unit-5 : Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude
Types of reasoning.
Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage,
Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).
NTA UGC-NET (General Paper-1)
Official Syllabus 2022
Unit-6 : Logical Reasoning
Understanding the Structure of Arguments : argument forms, structure of categorical
propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language,
Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
Analogies.
Venn Diagram : Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of arguments.
Indian Logic : Means of knowledge.
Pramanas : Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison),
Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-
apprehension).
Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas
(fallacies of inference).
Unit-7 : Data Interpretation
Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.
Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart)
and mapping of Data.
Data Interpretation.
Data and Governance.
Unit-8 : Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
ICT : General abbreviations and terminology.
Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
Digital initiatives in higher education.
ICT and Governance.
NTA UGC-NET (General Paper-1)
Official Syllabus 2022
Unit-9 : People, Development and Environment
Development and Environment : Millennium development and Sustainable development
goals.
Human and Environment Interaction : Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on
environment.
Environmental Issues : Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil
pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic),
Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
Impacts of pollutants on human health.
Natural and Energy Resources : Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear
and Forests.
Natural Hazards and Disasters : Mitigation strategies.
Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change,
International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on
Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.
Unit-10 : Higher Education System
Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.
Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.
Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.
Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.
Value education and environmental education.
Policies, Governance, and Administration.
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
TIMING OF EXAMINATION
Shifts Timing
First Shift 9:30 AM to 12:30 AM
Second Shift 2:30 PM to 5:30 PM
PAPER - II
Unit-1 : Business Environment and International Business
Concepts and Elements of Business Environment : Economic environment- Economic
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role
of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-
cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes
of entry into international business
Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff
and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI,
Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI
policy
Balance of payments (BOP) : Importance and components of BOP
Regional Economic Integration : Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade
creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements : European Union (EU),
ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
International Economic Institutions : IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
World Trade Organisation (WTO) : Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture
Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
Unit 2 : Accounting and Auditing
Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates
Partnership Accounts : Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of
partnership firms
Corporate Accounting : Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of
companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies
Holding company accounts
Cost and Management Accounting : Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard
costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for
decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT
Financial Statements Analysis : Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis
Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting
Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS
Auditing : Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit
Recent Trends in Auditing : Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit;
Systems audit; Safety audit
Unit 3 : Business Economics
Meaning and scope of business economics
Objectives of business firms
Demand Analysis : Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement;
Relationship between AR and MR
Consumer Behavior : Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis
Law of Variable Proportions : Law of Returns to Scale
Theory of Cost : Short-run and long-run cost curves
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
Price Determination under Different Market Forms : Perfect competition; Monopolistic
competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination
Pricing Strategies : Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing
Unit 4 : Business Finance
Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
Cost of capital and time value of money
Capital structure
Capital Budgeting Decisions : Conventional and scientific techniques of capital
budgeting analysis
Working capital management; Dividend decision : Theories and policies
Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization
International monetary system
Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
International Financial Markets and Instruments : Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting
Unit 5 : Business Statistics and Research Methods
Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Measures of skewness
Correlation and regression of two variables
Probability : Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
Probability Fistributions : Binomial, poisson and normal distributions
Research : Concept and types; Research designs
Data : Collection and classification of data
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
Sampling and Estimation : Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-
probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error;
Statistical estimation
Hypothesis Testing : z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest);
Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
Report writing
Unit 6 : Business Management and Human Resource Management
Principles and functions of management
Organization Structure : Formal and informal organizations; Span of control
Responsibility and Authority : Delegation of authority and decentralization
Motivation and Leadership : Concept and theories
Corporate governance and business ethics
Human Resource Management : Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource
planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning
Compensation Management : Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits
Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal
Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
Personality : Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics;
Conflict and negotiation; Stress management
Organizational Culture : Organizational development and organizational change
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
Unit 7 : Banking and Financial Institutions
Overview of Indian financial system
Types of Banks : Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks;
Cooperative banks
Reserve Bank of India : Functions; Role and monetary policy management
Banking Sector Reforms in India : Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management
Financial Markets : Money market; Capital market; Government securities market
Financial Institutions : Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial
Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds
Financial Regulators in India
Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion
Digitisation of Banking and Other Financial Services : Internet banking; mobile banking;
Digital payments systems
Insurance : Types of Insurance-Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and
management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory
framework of insurance- IRDA and its role
Unit 8 : Marketing Management
Marketing : Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic
marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning
Product Decisions : Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle;
New product development
Pricing Decisions : Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies
Promotion Decisions : Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods -
Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques;
Promotion mix
Distribution Decisions : Channels of distribution; Channel management
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying
decisions
Service marketing
Trends in Marketing : Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct
marketing; Rural marketing; CRM
Logistics management
Unit 9 : Legal Aspects of Business
Indian Contract Act, 1872 : Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free
consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach;
Quasi contracts;
Special Contracts : Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and
pledge; Contracts of agency
Sale of Goods Act, 1930 : Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor;
Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 : Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and
assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
The Companies Act, 2013 : Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation;
Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company
Limited Liability Partnership : Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
The Competition Act, 2002 : Objectives and main provisions
The Information Technology Act, 2000 : Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes
and penalties
The RTI Act, 2005 : Objectives and main provisions
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging
issues in intellectual property
Goods and Services Tax (GST) : Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST;
Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST
NTA UGC-NET (Commerce)
Official Syllabus 2022
Unit-10 : Income-Tax and Corporate Tax Planning
Income-Tax : Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes;
Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions
from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes
International Taxation : Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing
Corporate Tax Planning : Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax
avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax
considerations in specific business situations : Make or buy decisions; Own or lease
an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations
Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-
tax returns