Study Guide

CEDI High School | CMM 1

Instructions: Answer using a pencil. There is a periodic table in the back and any conversion factor necessary.
You can use a calculator. Include UNITS for every value

1. You decide to take better care of your health and train for a swimming contest. To keep yourself
hydrated you need to consume electrolytes after your training session. As a scientist you see chemistry
everywhere you go, so you analyze the ingredients present in your drink. Based on the previous
information, answer the following:

a. For each of the following ingredients, describe if it is an organic or inorganic compound, the molar
mass and the name of the compound by completing the table below.

Compound Condensed Organic/

Use Name Molar mass
structure Formula Inorganic

Lower blood
HNO3 HNO3
pressure

Flavor D-Glucose

b. You did great on your first competition, so much so that two companies want to offer you their
patronage if you promote their electrolyte drink. You decide to base your decision on how well the
drinks work and help your running. Based on the previous information, answer the following:

i. Describe the general steps needed to apply the scientific method by explaining how you
would apply them to your own experiment.

ii. Describe what would be the experimental design by compleTing the following table.

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 Experimental design table

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Control Group

Experimental group

Describe what you will

measure during the
experiment

iii. Justify why you chose the control group mentioned above.

iv. After explaining your experiment to your family they excitedly say “We love your
theory!”. Explain why you have a hypothesis, not a theory.

2. When mining gold the gold ore needs to be purified because when it comes out of the ground it has
many metals like copper, Tin and antimony mixed with it. Based on the above, respond to the following
questions.
a. Give three examples of intensive properties that could be used to describe the metals?

b. The density is an intensive property that relates two extensive properties. What are the two extensive
properties?

c. You purified two of the metals but you forgot to label the samples and they both look the same. The
mass of metal 1 is 354 grams and its volume is 33.02 ml.
i. What is the density of the metal?

ii. Tin has a density of 14.56 grams per ml, and gold has a density of 10.72 grams per ml. Based on
your previous answer, is metal 1 made of gold or Tin? Explain your answer.

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 iii. How many ml would the 354 grams of metal need to occupy to have the same density as copper if
the density of copper is 5.90 grams per ml.

d. The case mentioned above is a clear example of how mixtures and compounds are not the same,
explain the difference between a mixture and a compound.

3. In case of an injury you need to carry a wound cleaner during the triathlon. Most cleaners include Calcium
hydroxide, Sodium fluoride and Hydroselenic acid. This is used as a temporary solution to avoid
contaminaTing the wound. Based on this information, answer the following questions:

a. What are all of the cations present in the 3 molecules?

Compound Cation Anion

b. Explain what the net charge of the compound should be in order to correctly write the formula and
why.

c. Write the formula for all 3 compounds: Calcium hydroxide, Sodium fluoride and Hydroselenic acid.

d. The 3 compounds are different types of inorganic compounds. What are the types of compounds?

e. Inorganic compounds can have ionic but also covalent bonds, in the lab we used different properties to
differentiate an ionic vs a covalent bond. Complete the following table by adding a check mark if the type of
bond has that behavior.

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 Behavior Ionic Covalent

High melTing point

Conducts electricity when

dissolved in water

Soluble in water

f. Describe how you can verify a bond between two molecules is ionic or covalent?

g. Draw the Lewis dot structure for Hydroselenic acid and indicate its molecular structure explaining why?

4. Lip balms are made from hydrocarbons. This is what gives the balm the texture and creamy feeling. Based
on your knowledge of hydrocarbons and organic compounds answer the following questions

a. Explain what element is central to the nomenclature of hydrocarbons.

b. Draw the bond line structure of 3,4-diethyl cis-2-hexene.

5. As we saw in class, Carbon dioxide is not only harmful as a greenhouse gas but it also acidifies our water
systems. This is why it is of high importance to reduce our emissions and find alternatives for energy supply.
Based on this information, answer the following questions:

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 a. Another greenhouse gas that is emitted in energy plants is Nitrogen dioxide and NO. Describe the
intermolecular force between both compounds when they are mixed together and explain your answer.

b. Which of the two gasses, Nitrogen dioxide or NO, has a lower boiling point? Explain your answer.

c. To avoid greenhouse gas emission a viable alternative is nuclear energy that uses a nuclear fission
reaction. Explain the difference between fusion and fission.

d. Explain how Valence shell electron pair repulsion, VSEPR, is related to the geometry of a molecule.

6. A common alloy used in everyday life is stainless steel. The steel alloy is made from Iron, Manganese,
Chromium and Nickel. Based on the previous information, answer the following:

a. Like all metals, steel can also corrode. Describe 2 substances necessary for corrosion to occur and 2
ways of prevenTing corrosion.

b. Once the metal corrodes it no longer shines like it did before. Describe how a metal shines by describing
the behavior of light using the concept of duality and state how the light behaves in this circumstance.

c. Chromium is located in period 4 group 6. How many protons does it have?

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d. How many moles of Chromium would be needed for 0.1 Hg (Hecto-grams) steel alloy if the steel alloy
needs 13 grams of Chromium per 63 grams of steel alloy?

e. Nickel has 2 isotopes Cr-53 with a mass of 52.99593 and Cr-51 with a mass of 50.98772. Explain why
you could have 2 atoms of the same element but with different mass.

f. Write the noble gas electron configuration for Chromium and explain how this can help you identify its
oxidation number.

g. If you were to write the full electron configuration what 3 rules would you need to follow? Explain each
rule.

h. Write the quantum numbers for the last electron added to the electron configuration of Chromium.

i. Based on its position in the periodic table and the family it belongs to, describe 2 of its specific
properties.

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Section 2.
1. Read the following statements and write the type of substance that it can be classified as
(element, compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture). 7 pts (1 pt each).

a. Air is a _______________ of different gasses, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon

dioxide.

b. A glass of orange juice with pulp is an example of a _______________.

c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a _______________composed of two different

_______________.

d. Vinegar is a _______________ composed of water and acetic acid.

e. Diamonds are made up of a single _______________, carbon, arranged in a crystal

lattice structure.

f. Steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, is a _______________ due to its uniform

composition.

2. In your town during the winter months, roads are often treated with salt to prevent icing.
a. Explain how the addition of salt (sodium chloride) to the icy roads affects the freezing
point of the ice. 1 pt

b. If you wanted to increase the solubility of sodium chloride, what could you do to the salt?
2pts (1 pt answer, 1 pt explanation)

c. Describe what type of mixture it forms. 1pt

d. Would it have the same effect if instead of sodium chloride you added ammonium
chloride (NH4Cl)? 3pts (1 pt answer, 1 pt explanation, 1 pt definition of properties)
 3. Nail polish is a versatile cosmetic product that has become a staple in personal grooming
and self-expression. Comprising a blend of intricate substances, nail polish achieves its
vibrant colors, glossy finishes, and long-lasting durability. Typically, a nail polish formulation
includes nitrocellulose (C6H9NO10)n , a film-forming polymer that imparts strength and
adhesion, while solvents like ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) ensure smooth application and quick
drying. Pigments and dyes introduce an extensive spectrum of colors, from classic reds to
avant-garde blues. Additionally, plasticizers like camphor (C10H16O) enhance flexibility, while
resins contribute to the polish's resistance against chipping and peeling. The amalgamation
of these compounds not only results in visually striking nail aesthetics but also highlights the
intersection of chemistry and fashion in our everyday lives.

Based on the previous statement, answer the following question:

a. Complete the following table and explain your answers, like we did in class.
6 pts (1 pt correct name, 1 pt justification)

Name Justification

Mixture

Compound

Element

b. Write if nail polish is a solution, colloid or suspension and explain your answer.
1 pt answer, 1 pt explanation

c. Based on your previous answer, what would be the size of the particles in the nail
polish?
1 pt answer