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UPDATED TO 2023-2025 SYLLABUS
CAIE IGCSE
MATHEMATICS
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
Prepared for Radiclies for personal use only.
CAIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS
1. Probability
Probability is the study of chance or the likelihood of an
event happening
number of favourable outcomes
P (event) =
total number of outcomes
If probability = 0, the event is impossible
If probability =1, the event is certain to happen
All probabilities lie between 0 and 1
1.1. Events Calculate using Venn diagram:
Construct the Venn diagram, using sample space of both
Exclusive events:
events
Two events are exclusive if they cannot occur at the P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)
same time
Calculate using tree diagrams:
Construct tree diagram.
Write the outcomes of the first event
Connect both the second and first events outcome
Write probability on top of each event’s line
Multiply probabilities on the lines to the required
The OR Rule: outcome
For exclusive events A and B Note: The probabilities reduce with each step if objects
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) are not replaced
Independent events: Calculate using two-way tables:
Column and row headers are the sample space of the
Two events are independent if occurrence of one is two events
unaffected by occurrence of other Fill in each cell with the correct number of outcomes
The AND Rule: Take the required number from the table and divide
P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) by the sum of all values in the row/column of the
condition provided.
1.2. Conditional Probability Remember: P(A|B) and P(B|A) are not the same
Probability of an event (A), given that another (B) has
already occurred
Symbol : P (A∣B)
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CAIE IGCSE
Mathematics
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These notes have been created by Disha Garg, Mohammad Aslam & Sagnik Pal for the 2023-2024 syllabus.
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