Matrix and Vector Related Formulas
Matrix Formulas
Matrix Addition: A + B = [a_{ij} + b_{ij}] (element-wise addition)
Matrix Multiplication: C = A ⋅ B
Transpose of a Matrix: A^T = [a_{ji}]
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Inverse of a Matrix (for a 2x2 matrix): A−1 = * adj(A)
det (A )
Determinant of a 2x2 Matrix: det(A) = ad - bc
Cofactor of a Matrix: C_{ij} = (-1)^{i+j} * det(A_{ij})
Adjugate (Adjoint) of a Matrix: adj(A) = transpose of cofactor matrix of A
Rank of a Matrix: The rank of a matrix is the number of non-zero rows or columns.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: A v = λ v
Characteristic Equation of a Matrix: det(A - λI) = 0
Diagonalization of a Matrix: A = P D P^{-1}
Trace of a Matrix: Tr(A) = sum(a_{ii})
Identity Matrix: I = [[1, 0], [0, 1]]
Diagonal Matrix: D = [[d1, 0], [0, d2]]
Matrix Rank: Row Rank = Column Rank
Vector Formulas
Dot Product (Scalar Product): a ⋅ b = |a| |b| cos(θ)
Cross Product (for 3D vectors): a × b = |a| |b| sin(θ) n
Magnitude (Norm) of a Vector: |a| = √(a₁² + a₂² + a₃²)
Unit Vector: â = a / |a|
Angle Between Two Vectors: cos(θ) = (a ⋅ b) / (|a| |b|)
Projection of Vector a onto b: proj_b(a) = (a ⋅ b) / |b|² b
Linear Combination of Vectors: v = c₁a + c₂b
Vector Spaces: A set of vectors is a vector space if it satisfies closure under addition and
scalar multiplication.
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