COMPLEX - combination of simple behavior.

RATIONAL - acting with sanity or with reasons.

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE TAGAYTAY
E. Aguinaldo Highway, Brgy. San Jose Tagaytay City
IRRATIONAL - acting without reason.
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
VOLUNTARY - done with full volition of will.
SUBJECT: HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND
INVOLUNTARY - bodily processes that goes on even
VICTIMOLOGY
1ST Semester 2025-2026 when we are awake or asleep.
PRELIM

Three Levels of Behavior

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Vegetative Level
Human development is a process in which a progressive series of - responsible for nurturing and reproduction.
changes occurs as a result of maturation and

experience. According to Newman and Newman Animal Level

(2015)， human development emphasizes the patterns of DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
"constancy and change across the life span" and identifies the Rational/Psyche/Human Level
processes that account for such patterns.
- values and morals, reasons and the will
- movement and sensation.

They argue that development implies a process that happens over Three Faculties of man
time and has a specific direction. Will - the power of conscious deliberate actions.
The goal of developmental changes is to enable people
to adapt to the environment in which they live, through
Intellect - the power of perception or thought.
a process called self-realization or self-actualization Soul - the rational, emotional, and volitional faculties in
(DeRobertis, 2008). Given that self- realization plays an
important role in ensuring one's mental well-being, individuals who Different Environmental Factors Affecting Individuals
make good personal and social adjustments must seek Behavior:
opportunities to express their interests and desires in ways that
yield personal
man.
satisfaction while conforming to accepted standards at the same
time. The absence of these opportunities can
lead to frustrations and generally negative attitudes toward people COVERT - those that are hidden from the view of the observer.
and even life in general (1) Family Background (2) The influences of childhood trauma (3)

Pathogenic Family Structure:

Attributes of Human Behavior *Inadequate Family *Anti-Social Family

OVERT - behaviors that are observable. *Disconcordant Family *Disrupted Family

SIMPLE - less number of neurons are consumed in the

process of behaving (4) Institutional Influences (5) Socio-Cultural Factors

(6) Nutrition and Quality of food EARLIEST THEORIES AND PERSONALITY 1. PHLEGMATIC
2. SANGUINE ultimately influence our behaviors as adults. Since then, neo-
Freudians have proposed different theories of their own, including
3. MELANCHOLIC
Erik Erikson, who introduced his eight-stage theory of psychosocial
4. CHOLERIC development.
Psychoanalytic Theories

Psychoanalytic theory originated with the work of Sigmund Freud,

Psychoanalytic Theories
who argued that childhood experiences and unconscious desires
SIGNIFICANT FACTS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT

∙ Early foundations are critical. Essentially,

attitudes, habits, and patterns of behavior
that have been established in the early
years of one's life largely determine the
success of individuals in adjusting to life as
they grow older.
∙ Roles of maturation and learning in
development. Maturation refers to the process by which
an individual's inherent traits
are developed. Learning is the product of the exercise and effort PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ON HUMAN
spent by an individual to achieve development. In relation to DEVELOPMENT
this, maturation provides the raw material for
Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development
learning and determines the general patterns
This controversial theory describes the process by which
human personality is developed throughout one's childhood. Based
and sequences of one's behavior. ∙ Development
on observations he recorded while treating his patients, he was
follows a definite and predictable pattern.
able to develop a theory
According to previous works, there are patterns
that explained human behavioral development in terms
of physical, motor, speech and intellectual of a series of so-called "psychosexual stages,"in which
development, and such development follows a
conflicts that arise in each developmental stage may
pattern similar for everyone, unless there are have a lifelong influence on one's personality and
extenuating factors that hamper this process.
behavior (Cherry, 2015a).
∙ All individuals are different.
No two individuals can be 100% biologically and
genetically similar, even in the case of identical
twins. Such difference increases as children develop from Stages of Psychosexual Development Stage 1： Oral stage (Birth to
childhood, move on to adolescence, and eventually to old age.
18 months) The infant's main source of interaction occurs through

∙ Each phase of development has a characteristic

behavior. the mouth, and as such, rooting and sucking are especially
This means that every stage of development includes a set important in this stage. It is said that the infant derives pleasure
of behaviors that can only be observed in a particular from oral stimulation by performing gratifying activities, such as
stage. sucking. The infant may also develop a sense of trust and comfort
with an adult who is providing this kind of oral stimulation (e.g.,
feeding the child). Conflict occurs during the weaning process, and
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ON HUMAN at this point, the child
DEVELOPMENT must become less dependent upon his/her caretakers;
During this period, a of sexual functioning and drinking, nail biting, or
otherwise, fixation may occur. If this fixation is not resolved, then associated hormonal sychild undergoes the physiological
the child may grow up with issues concerning binge eating, maturation of systems stems, thus leading to intensified drives
and impulses. The main objective of
smoking. The individual may also have problems related
this phase is the eventual separation from one's
to dependency and aggression (Cherry,2015a). Stage 2： Anal attachment to his/her parents and the achievement of mature
relationships as well as adult roles and duties.
stage (18 months to 3 years)

The child becomes aware of correct bowel control and

experiences pleasure in eliminating or retaining feces.
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Some parents praise and reward children who show Erikson's theory of psychosocial development describes
correct behavior in this sense. These children eventually
the influence of social experience on our development
grow up to become productive and confident. When a
across the whole human lifespan. A major element of
child, becomes fixated in the pleasure obtained through
this theory is the "ego identity, which is the "conscious
these stimulants (i.e., controlling and eliminating feces),
sense of self that we develop through social
then he/she becomes obsessed with perfection, order,
interaction"(Cherry, 2015b).
cleanliness, and control as an adult. When a person is
prone to this tendency then he/she is called anal
retentive, and its opposite is called anal expulsive. Stages in the Human Lifespan
Compared with anal retentive individuals, anal expulsive
individuals are extremely disorganized and chaotic (Cherry, A. Prenatal period
2015a).
- This period begins at conception and ends at
Stage 3： Phallic stage (3 to 6 years) The phallic stage is mainly birth. It occurs within about 270 to 280 days or nine calendar
months.
characterized by a child's
focus on sexual interests, stimulation, and excitement in
B. Infancy
relation to the genital area. This is an important part of
the development process as it lays the foundation of the shortest of all developmental
- This period occurs from birth to the end of the second week. It is
one's gender identity. According to Freud, the patterns
periods and is considered a time of extreme
of identification arising from the phallic stage primarily
determine the development of human character adjustments, thus making it a hazardous period.
(McLeod, 2008). Common phallic traits are expressed in
opposites, just like in the other stages. These traits typically include - This period occurs from the end of the second week
vanity versus self-hatred, brashness until the end of a child's second year. It is said to
C. Babyhood
versus bashfulness, pride versus humility, gaiety versus
be the period of the true foundation of age and marks
gloom and gregariousness versus isolation, to name a
few (Furnham, 2015). the beginning of socialization and creativity. This period is also a
time of increased individuality, decreasing dependency, and rapid
Stage 4： Latency stage (5 or 6 years to puberty)
growth and change, making it a hazardous period as well.
 This development stage begins around the same time when
children enter school and become more focused
on their peer relationships, personal interests, and D. Early Childhood

hobbies, along with greater social exposure. Hence, this - This period lasts from 2 to 4 years, and is
considered by many parents as a problematic or
is a period of exploration and plays an important role in
the development of confidence as well as social and troublesome age. For educators, this is considered the
communication skills (Cherry, 2015a). preschool age.

Stage 5： Genital stage (Puberty to adulthood) E. Late Childhood

- This period occurs from 6 to 10 or 12 years or
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
the so-called elementary years. For parents, they Purposes of Developmental Tasks Development tasks
consider it also as a troublesome age, especially since,
serve as guidelines that enable individual to know what
according to psychologists, this is the "gang" age or the
time at which children seek conformity and become part of groups. individuals to do what their respective social groups expected
them to do at certain ages during their lives. Finally, these tasks
F. Puberty or Pre adolescence
should individuals what lie ahead and the corresponding
society expects of them at any given age. Such task motivate
expectations of what they
- This period lasts from 12 to 13 or 14 years. It is a short,
overlapping period that is subdivided into several stages, namely, need to do when they reach their next stage of development.
prepubescent, pubescent and post Developmental Tasks During Each Stage of the Lifespan (Gines,
et al, 1998)
pubescent stages. This is a period of rapid growth and change
and occurs at a variable age.

G. Adolescence A German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer (1888-1964) also

classified personality based on body build:
- This period occurs from 13 or 14 to 19 years. It is an important
transitional period that is characterized by significant change. 1. Asthenic – thin, tall, fragile, narrowly built and looks weak
Others consider it a problem or
dreaded age,during which the child searches for his/her
identity and is about to cross over into adulthood. H. Early - This period lasts from 20 to 40 years. This is the
-PETTY THIEVERY 2. Athletic – muscular and energetic -VIOLENT
Adulthood
CRIME

productive age, a period of dependency for most, and a

3. Pyknic – round and robust
period of emotional tension or even social isolation. In
addition, it is a time of commitment, a time at which one's values William Sheldon Body type and personalityECTOMORPHS-
change, which can lead to changes in lifestyle choices.
CEREBROTONIC
I. Middle Age/ Adulhood
-FRAUD DECEPTION

- This period occurs from 40 to 60 years. Many people

dread this stage because it is a time of stress and transition. Others (SLIM, INTROVERT,SENSITIVE NOSE ETC.) MESOMORPHS-
may feel bored with their lives at around this age and may feel
MUSCULAR (TALKATIVE)
awkward or inadequate

when comparing themselves with others and evaluating

their lives against them. J. Old Age or Senescence
 ENDOMORPHS-VISCEROTONIC (FATTY,RELAX,COMFORTABLE PERSON)

- This period lasts from 60 years to one's death. This is

considered a period of decline, during which people are
judged by different criteria based on prevalent
HUMAN BEHAVIOR
stereotypes of old people. People in this age group have
varying social attitudes towards old age and may feel that they are It refers to the reaction to facts of relationship
part of a minority. As aging requires role
between individual and his environment. It is the
changes, some may not be so successful in making the
manner of conducting oneself which considerably
proper adjustments. Still, the desire for rejuvenation is
widespread in old age. (Guevara, 2014)
involves action of a person in response to stimuli, and vice versa.
Common Perspectives in the Study Of Human Behavior
:food,drink,air, shelter,warmth,sex,sleep

Neurological - This perspective emphasizes human 2. Safety needs

actions in relation to events that take place inside the body, especially the brain and the nervous system.
: security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear, protection from the elements
Behavioral - This view focuses on the external activities
that can be observed and measured. Cognitive - This perspective [Link] and belongingness needs:

studies how the brain affection and love from work group, family, friends, peers;
romantic relationships; friendship;
processes and transforms information in various ways.
intimacy
Psychoanalytical - This view emphasizes unconscious motives 4. Esteem needs:
stemming from repressed sexual and aggressive impulses in
achievement,'independence, mastery, status,
childhood.
dominance, self-respect, prestige, and respect from
Humanistic - This perspective focuses on the subject's
others
experiences, freedom of choice, and strong motivation
to achieve self-actualization. action," defines human behavior in terms of the personality of
the inner self. It also refers to the concept

Factors that Affect Human Behavior

Heredity - This is determined by genes, which are segments of cell

structures called chromosomes, by which parents pass on traits to
their offspring.
5. Self-actualization needs:

realization of one's personal potential and self

fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences

The Psychodynamics of Human Motivation

Environment - These factors consist of the conditions
Psychodynamics, which literally means "motivation to
that surround and influence an individual.,
 Learning - This refers to the process by which behaviors
change as a result of experience or practice. Other factors that Sigmund Freud first proposed a psychodynamic theory in the
affect or influence behavior include the following: early 20th century. According to this theory, the mind has three
of subjective life and inner forces within, which are called "mental levels by which its psychic forces
personality".
MOTIVATIONS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
operate, namely, the Id, Ego, and Super Ego. In
psychology, the psychodynamic view is used to explain
The Needs Theory of Human Motivation
human personality and behavior in terms of conscious
This theory states that throughout one's life, desires, and unconscious forces such as unconscious desires and beliefs.
wishes, and drives that are collectively called
"needs,“ motivate every individual When not fulfilled,
Three Components of Personality
these needs places an individual under stress Thus, to
relieve the tensions created, one has to strive for appropriate 1. ID (pleasure principle) – the unconscious part of the
satisfaction of these needs. According to Abraham Maslow,human personality which serves as the reservoir of the primitive and
needs are arranged in a hierarchy: biological drives and urges.

2. EGO (reality principle) – the mediator between the ID

The Five-Stage Pyramid according to Maslow's Theory
and the superego, consciousness

Source: (McLeod citing Maslow, 2014). [Link] and 3. SUPEREGO (moral principle) – the socialized component of
the [Link]
physiological needs
3. *Hallucination*: A hallucination is a false perception
without a real external stimulus; it involves sensing
CAUSES OF CONFLICTS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
something that isn’t actually present. Hallucinations can
Physical Causes - These refer to natural causes, like typhoon, and - *Example*: Hearing voices that no one else can hear when
earthquake, fire, flood, and storm. you are alone.

Social Conflicts - These are restrictions or rules in the home, school, These terms are distinct in their nature and causes but are often
workplace, and community. associated with various psychological and
be visual, auditory, tactile, or related to other senses.
Economic Conflicts - These result from one's inability to
acquire material things because of poverty or other financial Examples - Breathing, Dingesting food, avoiding waste, mating, and
obligations. defending one's self.

2. Learned Behavior

Two Basic Types of Human Behavior 1. Inherited Involves cognitive adaptation that enhances the

neurological disorders. ⮚ Olfactory - smell ⮚ Cutaneous - touch ⮚ Auditory - hearing ⮚

Gustatory - taste ⮚ Visual – sight

STIMULANTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Sensations - These are feelings or impressions of stimuli that

may be delivered via the following sources: human being's abilities to cope with environmental changes and
manipulate the environment
Behavioral response Behavior or reflex that is exhibited by people
based on their genetic endowment or the process of natural to improve one's existence
selection. Examples - Verbal communication, Logical problem
solving techniques, job, and skills, etc. 1. Extraversion - Frequently seeks stimulation, excitement,
and thrills Enhances habits

EFFECTS- Gets people in trouble, has the greatest role in

The terms illusion, delusion, and hallucination are often
crime and delinquency
confused, but they refer to different psychological phenomena:
2. Neuroticism - Intensely reacts to stress, generally moody,
Personality Dimensions that affect Human Behavior
touchy, sensitive to slights and anxious or nervous. Impulse
Characteristics
aggressive

1. *Illusion*: An illusion is a false interpretation of a real

EFFECTS- Enhance Habits and influences the individual
external stimulus. It occurs when the brain incorrectly
to behave in ways that are considered anti-social
perceives something that exists in the environment. 3. Psychoticism - Cold, cruel, social insensitivity, disregard for
danger, troublesome behavior, dislike of others, attraction
- *Example*: Seeing a rope on the ground and mistaking it for a
towards the unusual
snake.

2. *Delusion*: A delusion is a false belief that is strongly

EFFECTS-Impulse aggressively individual without
held despite evidence to the contrary. Delusions are appreciable conscience or sense of morals
often seen in psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia.

- *Example*: Believing that you have superpowers, despite all Criminal Psychology
evidence showing otherwise.
This is a branch of knowledge that studies various aspects of ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
criminal behavior. Specifically, it refers to "the study of the mind
Abnormal Behavior - This is a kind of behavior that fails to meet
and its workings in relation to crime (Criminal Psychology, n.d.).
the characteristics of a normal person and includes inabilities in
the following areas:
MENTAL DISTURBANCES AS CAUSES OF CRIMES
1. Free expression of personality
A. MENTAL DEFICIENCY 2. Adequate security feeling
1. IDIOT= 0-2 YEARS OLD IQ
3. Efficient contact with reality
2. IMBECILE= 3-7 YEARS OLD IQ
4. Adaptability to group norms
3. FEEBLE-MINDED= 8-12 YEARS OLD IQ
5. Emotional maturity

6. Adequate self-knowledge
B. MENTAL RETARDATION Classifications of Personality Disorder

1. BORDERLINE GROUP: 75 89 INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ) 7. Integrated and consistent personality

2. EDUCABLE GROUP: 50-75 INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ)

3. TRAINABLE GROUP: 25-50 INTELLIGENT QUOTIENT (IQ) Neuroses

4. CUSTODIAL GROUP: 0-25 INTELLIGENT QUOTIENT (IQ) Neuroses or psychoneuroses are behavioral disorders that are
brought about by emotional tension resulting from conflicts,
repression, frustration, or insecurity. Neurotic individuals
TYPES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR Personality Disorder compromise with reality by developing imaginary ailments,
obsessions, phobias, compulsion, depression or anxiety. Behavioral
This kind of disorder originates during the early development Characteristics of Individuals Displaying Neurotic Reactions
process, and leads to maladaptive behavior.
1. Inability to function at the normal capacity level [Link] of
anxiety 4. Somatic complaints

3. Rigid or repetitive behavior 5. Immaturity

[Link] - Passively dependent and aggressive due to

6. Hypersensitivity
Aggressive over indulgence 7. Egocentricity

2. Hysterical Personality Disorder - Easily excitable, emotional 8. Unhappiness

instability, dramatic need for attention, immature, tendency to
9. A great deal of unconsciously motivated behavior
sexualize contacts with the opposite sex

[Link] Personality disorder - Excessive concern

for conformity, perfection, and order Symptoms
Classification of Neuroses According to the Most Striking
[Link] Personality - Hypersensitive, unwarranted
suspicion, jealousy, envy, and feelings of excessive importance 1 . Anxiety Reactions
- These are mainly manifested in consciously This is a psychoneurotic condition that is accompanied
experienced feelings of anxiety and apprehension, for
by a vas range of mental and emotional symptoms that
which there are no specific basis in actual life. Hysteria compulsion, or unreasonable dread or phobia. Other symptoms
of Psychastenia are unreasonable elation, over inhibition, or
This disorder is a type of anxiety reaction, in constant depression.
cannot be controlled The person is fear-ridden by obsessions,
which the individual manifests one or more symptoms that are
often associated with organic disease. Disabilities that may
develop from this disorder include
paralysis of the limbs, deafness, blindness, intense Forms of Psychastenia
aches and pains, continuous vomiting, loss of voice, and
head or hand tremors. A. Phobia -This refers to an irrational or exaggerated fear of a
object, person, act or situation. This is characterized by the
Forms of Hysteria
following:
A. Amnesia - This is a disorder wherein the individual
Reasons for the fear do not make sense.
cannot recall his or her name and remembers little or
nothing about the past in varying levels of intensity. Types of One's fear paralyzes instead of enhances one's ability to deal with a
problem. The fear seems to be caused by the threat of self-
Amnesia
destructive aggressions that may take place.
Anterograde This is the inability to retain information, which has
just been seen or read.

Retrograde -This refers to the inability to recall any event (and Arachnophobia -The fear of spiders Ophidiophobia -The fear
details thereof)that took place during a certain period.
of snakes
Examples of Phobias

Localized - The inability to recall events and details that

are related to a particular situation. Acrophobia - The fear of heights Agoraphobia - The fear of

open or crowded spacesCynophobia - The fear of dogs

B. Fugue - This is a type of amnesia wherein one wanders away Astraphobia - The fear of thunder and lightning
from his or her home or usual

surroundings; often, the person has no recollection as

to how he/she came to be there when awareness sets
 Claustrophobia -The fear of small spaces
in.
Mysophobia - The fear of germs
Multiple Personality - This is a dramatic form of
hysteria, in which the patient develops two or more separated Aerophobia - The fear of flying Trypophobia - The fear
and very distinct personalities.
of holes

C. Somnambulism This is a dreamlike state in which the person

B. Obsession - This refers to an idea or series of ideas that recur
walks very frequently that they interfere with the ability of an individual
to think and/or function
about and carries on certain activities that he eventually
fails to remember when he wakes up. Psychastenia C. Compulsion - This is an irresistible tendency to perform an act
or ritual, which an individual feels compelled to carry out
although it is recognized as
normally.
irrational; a person must perform an act and give in to
Emotional instability, which is manifested by general
the urge in order to reduce the tension. Examples of irritability or violent mood swings without a clear causeImpairment

Compulsion of normal, intellectual functions

. Suicidal mania - the impulse to take one's life

Inappropriate behavior and changes in general

. Homicidal mania - the impulse to kill . Dipsomania - the behaviors, including neglect of responsibilities, lack of interest in
personal appearance, and an anti-social tendency.
impulse to drink liquor

. Megalomania - the impulse to amass great fame or

Types of Organic Psychoses ⮚ Psychoses associated with toxins
power

. Kleptomania - the impulse to steal

. Pyromania - the impulse to set things on fire

⮚ Psychoses associated with infectious disease
. Arithmomania - the [Link] count everything
⮚ Psychoses associated with old age

⮚ Psychoses associated with head injuries

Traumatic Neuroses - These are manifested in
situations, in which the individual fears for his/her
safety. 2. Functional Psychosis

Operational Fatigue - Otherwise known as war neurosis, this is Functional psychosis refers to a serious mental disorder involver
manifested in response to a battle environment. the total personality with no observable tissue damage. Hence,
with no organic basis, these ailments are believed to result from
years of living under emotional stress. As a severe emotional
Psychoses disorder, functional psychosis is characterized by personality
derangement and complete loss of the ability to function in
Psychoses are serious mental illnesses that are characterized by reality, "but without evidence that the disorder is related to the
unpredictable behavior. Psychotic physical processes of the
 persons have a largely unrealistic interpretation of the
brain"(Function Psychosis, n.d.). It can also relate to an
self and the life around them. In this case, their ego has
obsolete term “once used denote schizophrenia and
lost control over their personality. In addition, people
other severe mental disorders before modern science
with psychoses have great mood swings that range from
extreme exaltation to extreme depression. They are also quiet and A. Schizophrenic Disorder
docile at one moment and hyperactive the next.
Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition that is characterized
by one's withdrawal from reality, indifference toward daily
problems, and the tendency to live in a world of fantasy. The word
Classification of Psychoses
"schizophrenia"
1. Organic/Somatogenic
discovered a biological component to some aspects of each the
disorders"(Functional Psychosis, n.d.)
Organic or somatogenic psychoses are due to a
wide variety of causes; however, damage or injury to "phrene"(mind); hence, the term is used to describe the
comes from the Greek words "schizo" (split) and
the brain or other parts of the central nervous system is
always involved. The disease was first identified in 1887 by Dr. Emile Kraepelin, who
considered this disease as a discrete mental illness. Dr. Kraeplin
Symptoms of Organic Psychoses
was also the first to
fragmented state of mind of people suffering from such a disorder.
classify varied mental disorders into categories (History
mood, hence affective disorders are also called mood
of Schizophrenia, n.d). disorders that can be anywhere from mild to severe.

Initially, Dr. Kraepelin used the term “dementia praecox."

However, in 1911， the Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler coined the
term "schizophrenia" to describe the condition of individuals who
showed symptoms of the disease. Bleuler was also the first to Types of Affective Disorders
describe the symptoms as either “positive” or "negative"(History of
Schizophrenia, n.d). The three main types of affective disorders are as follows:

depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder, and

these vary from one another in terms of severity (Ellis,
Symptoms of Schizophrenia 2013).
Disorganized patterns of feeling and thinking, where there is no
logic or reason in thoughts and expressed
Depression - This is often characterized by feelings of
feelings Apathy or absence of feelings and emotions in
situations that call for such reactions anywhere from several days or even weeks. Its
extreme hopelessness and sadness. These episodes may last
⮚ Bizarre actions, including absurd and eccentric
symptoms include the following:
⮚ suicidal thoughts
gestures, or such activities as hoarding, among others

⮚ Shunning others, reclusiveness, or narrowing of interests and

⮚ irritability or anxiety ⮚ prolonged sadness
social contacts

⮚ Disorganized speech patterns ⮚ lack of interest in normal activities

 ⮚ Delusions and hallucinations (usually auditory)

⮚ lethargy and lack of energy major changes in

⮚ Deterioration of conduct and personal habits ⮚ difficulty concentrating

eating and sleeping habits
⮚ aches and pains that have no physical explanation

Types of Schizophrenia

Simple Schizophrenia - This manifests in a gradual decline of Hebephrenic Schizophrenia- It usually begins in early
interest and ambition. The person withdraws from almost all social Bipolar disorder - This refers to a state wherein the person
contacts and becomes increasingly irritable and inattentive. experiences alternating periods of depression
⮚ feelings of guilt
adolescence and develops gradually in time. The person
and periods of mania, which is the feeling of being
may be prone to fits of laughter or childish giggling and
extremely positive and active. A person may have
grimacing for hours without apparent reasons. Anxiety Disorders - The different types of anxiety disorders are all
characterized by feelings of anxiety, fear, and nervousness. The
symptoms of affective disorders include the following:
B. Affective Disorder
⮚ constant worrying
Affective reactions of manic-depressive psychosis are

bipolar disorder if he/she has the following symptoms:⮚ ⮚ irritability

chronic mood swings ⮚ obsessive thoughts

⮚ during depression, symptoms similar to those for major

depressive disorder D. Anti-Social Personality

often characterized by periods of depression or elation or both. A person with an anti-social personality is a mentally- disturbed
Affective disorders refer to a set of psychiatric diseases, the person who is opposed to the Normal principles upon which a
symptoms for which may vary depending on each individual. society is based.
Symptoms typically affect one's
Characteristics of an Anti- Social Personalit
⮚ during mania, less sleep and feelings of exaggerated self-
Sociopath - refers to a person who dislikes any sense of social or
confidence moral responsibility due to mental illness.

⮚ irritability or aggression Psychopath - refers to a person with a personality disorder that is

characterized by anti-social behavior, indifference to immorality,
⮚ feeling of self-importance ⮚ impulsiveness and
and abnormal changes in mood or activity. A psychopath is a classic
manipulator or con artist.
recklessness ⮚ delusions or hallucinations

⮚ restlessness and trouble concentrating

⮚ trembling, sweating, shortness of breath and rapid heart ⮚ nausea

rate

⮚ difficulty sleeping C. Paranoia

One of the major significant characteristics of a psychopath is the
absence of a conscience or any guilty feeling after committing most of his pursuits revolve around manipulating people to acquire
grievous acts against others. This means that the person has not personal gains. A chronic liar, a psychopath is often impulsive and
incorporated the moral values of society into his life. In addition, demands immediate satisfaction, thus unable to learn
the psychopath is selfish and strives for physical pleasure. Hence,
This is another type of psychotic reaction, the
from past experiences.
main symptom of which is characterized by suspicion.

Types of Paranoia Sexuality - The behavior associated with the relation

SEXUAL DEVIANCY
Persecutory Paranoia - This refers to having delusions
between sexes and their respective reproductive
of persecution. The person believes that some people
are plotting to harm him/her in some way. organs.

Litigious Paranoia - This refers to having delusions of both Normal Sexuality - Sexual completion that leads to a mature and
persecution and grandeur; a person may go to great lengths to well-adjusted individual, capable of entering relationships with a
bring alleged persecutors to court. member of the opposite sex, and who is physically and mentally
stable and satisfying heterosexual needs.
Erotic Paranoia - Also called amorous paranoia, this
refers to having delusions that a certain person is in love
with him/her. Abnormal Sexuality/Sexual Deviancy - A kind of sexual behavior
that seeks stimulation and gratification by means other than
Exalted Paranoia - Having grandiose delusions and
normal, heterosexual norms.
believes himself/ herself as someone with great power or
importance, usually a social reformer or religious
crusader. 4. As to the Parts of the Body 1. Sodomy - Sexual act through the

Jealous Paranoia - The state of having extreme and irrational anus of another
jealousy.
[Link] - Sexual desire towards animals [Link] - A
Classifications of Sexual Abnormalities [Link] to Choice of Sexual
form of self-abuse or solitary vice
Partner
human being
[Link] - Sexual desire towards an immature person
[Link] - An act in which sexual gratification is
carried - out without the cooperation of another person
attained by fingering, fondling the breast, licking parts
of the body, etc.
4. Gerontophilia - Sexual desire toward an elder person
[Link] - A form of sexual gratification that is
5. Necrophilia - Sexual perversion that is characterized
by erotic desire or actual sexual intercourse with a corpse

6. Incest - Sexual relations between persons who, by

characterized by the compulsive desire of a person to rub
his sexual organ against the body parts of another person

4. Pantialism - A form of sexual deviation, in which a

 reason of blood relationship, cannot legally marry
person has a special affinity to certain parts of the
female body

2. As to Instinctual Sexual Urge

Types - Characteristics 1. Voyeurism - A form of sexual perversion that is

5. As to Visual Stimulus
[Link] - Excessive sexual desire of men to perform
intercourse or perform other activities
characterized by a compulsion to covertly look at a person undress
2. Nymphomania - Strong sexual feeling of a woman

Absence of sexual desire or arousal during 2. Mixoscopia (Scoptophilia) - Sexual perversion wherein sexual
pleasure is attained by watching a couple undress or during their
3. Sexual Anesthesia - Absence of sexual desire or arousal during
acts of sexual intimacy
sexual act in women

4. Dyspareunia - Painful sexual act in women

6. As to Number
[Link] - Painful spasm of the vagina during sexual act 1. Froilism- A form of sexual perversion, in which three
persons participate in the sexual orgy (Suixante-neve)

2. Pluralism- A form of sexual deviation, in which a group of

3. As to the Mode of Sexual Expression or Way of Sexual
persons participate in the sexual orgy (sexual festival)
Satisfaction

1. Oralism (Irrumation) - The use of the mouth as a way

of sexual gratification, such as fellatio, cunnilingus, and anilingus 1. Corpolalia - A form of sexual deviation that is characterized by
the need to use obscene language to
7. Other Sexual Deviations
2. Sado Masochism (Algolagnia) - Pain or cruel acts as a
obtain orgasm
factor for gratification, such as sadism and masochism
2. Don Juanism- A form of sexual deviation that is
3. Fetishism - A form of sexual perversion, in which the
characterized by promiscuity and seduction of many
real or fantasized presence of an object or bodily part is
necessary for sexual stimulation or gratification.

Examples: anatomic, clothing, necrophilia, and odor, etc.

women as part of a male's sexual career

3. Indecent Exposure (Exhibitionism) - Willful exposure of one's

genital organs in public places and in the presence of other
persons, usually those of the opposite sex