Appendix A
Water Services
Water Consumption Rates
Table 7 Queensland Australia Quantities1
Development Water Sewerage Unit
Litres / day Litres / day
Apartment/Home Unit 300 to 500 225 to 450 1 bed
550 to 750 300 to 600 2 bed
700 to 900 400 to 750 3 bed
Caravan Park – Van 550 to 750 300 to 675 site
Caravan Park – Tent 150 to 250 150 to 250 site
Central Business 14000 to 20000 11250 to 20000 ha
Child Care Centre 40 to 70 25 to 45 staff & pupils
Commercial Premises 500 to 800 150 to 300 100 m² GFA*
Convalescent Home 600 to 1100 300 to 450 bed
Crematorium 500 to 700 250 to 500 100 m² GFA*
Education – Primary School 50 to 80 25 to 45 staff & pupils
Education – Secondary School 90 to 150 50 to 90 staff & pupils
Education – Tertiary Institution 90 to 150 50 to 90 staff & pupils
Fast Food Store 1400 to 4200 1200 to 2000 100 m² GFA*
Food Services 1200 to 2000 900 to 1200 100 m² GFA*
Heavy Industry 10000 to 35000 10000 to 13500 ha
Hospital 500 to 1800 400 to 800 bed
Hostel Accommodation 200 to 600 150 to 400 bed
Hotel 700 to 1200 300 to 600 100 m² GFA*
Light Industry 10000 to 35000 10000 to 13500 ha
Major Shopping Development 300 to 800 200 to 550 100 m² GFA*
Medical Centre 400 to 700 250 to 675 100 m² GFA*
Motel 300 to 600 225 to 500 room
Multiple Units 500 to 700 225 to 450 1 bed
1
Queensland Department Of Natural Resources & Mines, Planning Guidelines for Water Supply and Sewerage, March 2005.
Development Water Sewerage Unit
Litres / day Litres / day
800 to 1000 300 to 600 2 bed
1000 to 1400 400 to 750 3 bed
Place of Worship 200 to 400 100 to 180 100 m² GFA*
Public Building 500 to 600 280 to 450 100 m² GFA*
Restaurant 800 to 1800 550 to 600 100 m² GFA*
Retirement Village 300 to 700 225 to 450 1 bed
500 to 1000 300 to 550 2 bed
700 to 1400 450 to 750 3 bed
Service Station 500 to 700 250 to 350 100 m² GFA*
Shop 600 to 800 280 to 450 100 m² GFA*
Table 8 Emirate of Abu Dhabi2
Water Water
Development GAL UK / day Litres / day Units
Hotel 75 341 Per one bed
Car wash station 300 1364 Car wash station ( per channel)
Hospital 100 455 Per one bed
Common market 1.5 7 Common market (per m²)
Mosques 6 27 Per m²
Labour Camp 40 182 labour (per person)
Public toilets 300 1364 Per sanitary piece
Schools Primary 5 23 Per student
Schools Preparatory 7 32 Per student
Schools Secondary 10 45 Per student
University 10 45 Per student
2
Regulations & Supervision Bureau, Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2003. [On Line:
[Link]
Viewed October 2007]
Water Water
Development GAL UK / day Litres / day Units
Hostel 80 364 Per student
Private villa 150 682 Per bedroom
Private villa 500 2273 Private villa (per service block)
Private villa 100 455 Private villa (per capita)
Private villa 200 909 Private villa (per swimming pool)
Investment villa 125 568 Investment villa (per bedroom)
Investment villa 100 455 Investment villa (per capita)
Shaabiat 150 682 Per bedroom
Shaabiat 500 2273 Per service block
Shaabiat 90 409 per capita
Services in a Building 50 227 House keeping
Services in a Building 100 455 Air conditioning
Services in a Building 100 455 Garbage
Services in a Building 300 1364 Public toilet
Services in a Building 100 455 Roof taps
Services in a Building 150 682 Public toilets (per sanitary piece)
Offices 10 45 Offices per m²
Shops 10 45 Shops per m²
Residential flat 150 682 1 bedroom
Residential flat 300 1364 2 bedroom
Residential flat 450 2046 3 bedrooms
Residential flat 600 2728 4 bedrooms
Residential flat 750 3410 5 bedrooms
Temporary water connection 3000 13638 Building of more than 10 floors
Temporary water connection 1000 4546 Building of 6 floors to 10 floors
Temporary water connection 2000 9092 Building of 5 floors or less
Irrigated area 2.5 11 Irrigated area (per m²)
Table 9 United States of America Wastewater Rates3
Water Water
GAL US / unit / day Litres / unit /day
Development Range Typical Range Typical Units
Air Port 2-4 3 8-15 11 Passenger
Apartment House 40-80 50 150-300 190 Person
Assembly Hall 2-4 3 8-15 11 Seat
Automobile Service Station 8-15 12 30-57 45 Vehicle Services
9-15 15 34-57 49 Employee
Bar 1-5 3 4-19 11 Customer
10-16 13 38-61 49 Employee
Boarding House 25-60 40 95-230 150 Person
Coffee Shop 4-8 6 15-30 23 Customer
8-12 10 30-45 38 Employee
Department Store 400-600 500 1500-2300 1900 Toilet Room
8-15 10 30-57 38 Employee
Hospital Medical 125-240 165 470-910 630 Bed
5-15 10 19-57 38 Employee
Hospital Mental 75-140 100 280-530 380 Bed
5-15 10 19-57 38 Employee
Hotel 40-60 50 150-230 190 Guest
8-13 10 30-49 38 Employee
Industrial Building (Sanitary
Wastes) 7-16 13 26-61 49 Employee
Laundry (Self Service) 450-650 550 1700-2500 2100 Machine
45-55 50 170-210 190 Wash
Office 7-16 13 26-61 49 Employee
3
US EPA, Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, February 2004.
Water Water
GAL US / unit / day Litres / unit /day
Prison 80-150 120 300-570 450 Inmate
5-15 10 19-57 38 Employee
Public Lavatory 3-6 5 11-23 19 User
Rest Home 50-120 90 190-450 340 Resident
5-15 10 19-57 38 Employee
Restaurant (with Toilet) 2-4 3 8-15 11 Meal
Restaurant - Conventional 8-10 9 30-38 34 Customer
Restaurant – Short Order 3-8 6 11-30 23 Customer
Restaurant – Bar / Lounge 2-4 3 8-15 11 Customer
School, day.
With cafeteria, gym and
showers 15-30 25 57-110 95 Student
With cafeteria only. 10-20 15 38-76 57 Student
With cafeteria, gym or
showers 5-17 11 19-64 42 Student
School, boarding. 50-100 75 190-380 280 Student
Shopping Centre 7-13 10 26-49 38 Employee
1-3 2 4-11 8 Parking Space
Theatre 2-4 3 8-15 11 Seat
Table 10 AS/NZS 1547:2000 Wastewater Rates
Development Sewerage L / unit / day Unit
On-site roof water Reticulated
tank supply. community or a
bore-water supply.
Households with standard fixtures Person
(including automatic washing
machine) 140 180
Households with standard water Person
reduction fixtures. * 115 145
Development Sewerage L / unit / day Unit
On-site roof water Reticulated
tank supply. community or a
bore-water supply.
Households with full water- Person
reduction facilities. ^ 80 110
Households with extra wastewater Person
producing facilities 170 220
Households (blackwater only) 50 60 Person
Households (greywater only) 90 120 Person
Motels/hotels
Guests, resident staff 140 180 Person
Non-resident staff 30 40 Person
Reception rooms 20 30 Person
Bar trade 20 25 Customer
Restaurant 20 30 Diner
Community halls
Banqueting 20 30 Person
Meetings 10 15 Person
Restaurants
Dinner 20 30 Diner
Lunch 15 25 Diner
Tea rooms
Without restroom facilities 10 15 Customer
With restroom facilities 15 25 Customer
School 30 40 Pupils plus Staff
Rural factories, shopping centres 30 50 Person
Camping grounds
Fully serviced 100 130 Person
Recreation areas 50 65 Person
* Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual flush 11/5.5 litre water closets, shower-flow restrictors, aerator
faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic washing machines.
^ Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced flush 6/3 litre water closets, shower-flow
restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing machines and flow/pressure control valves on all water-use outlets.
Table 11 Dubai Water and Sewerage Rates4
Development Water Sewerage Unit
Litres / EP / day Litres / EP / day
Residential villas 400 280 Person
Apartments 230 210 Person
Hotel Staff 150 130 Staff
Hotel 200 180 Guest
Hotel 20 20 Visitors
Retail 60 50 Staff
Retail 20 20 Guests
Commercial 60 50 Staff
Restaurants/café 150 130 Staff
Restaurants/café 20 20 Guests
Table 12 United Kingdom Water Consumption Rates5
Development Water Unit
Litres / day
Hostel 90 Bed space
Hotel 135 Bed space
Office premises:
With canteen facilities 45 Employee
Without canteen facilities 40 Employee
Restaurant 7 Meal
Day school:
Nursery 15 Pupil
4
GHD Dubai, David Gribble. October 2007.
5
CIBSE, Public Health Engineering Guide G, March 2004.
Development Water Unit
Litres / day
Primary 15 Pupil
Secondary 20 Pupil
Technical 20 Pupil
Boarding school 90 Pupil
Children’
s home or residential nursery. 135 Bed space
Nurse’
s home 120 Bed space
Nursing or convalescent home 135 Bed space
Table 13 Hotel Water Use
Development Location Water Unit
Litres / day
Hotel Brisbane 500-600 Guest Room*
Hotel Dubai 200 Guest
Hotel – With Cooling Tower and Laundry Sydney 660 Guest Room
Hotel – With Cooling Tower and no Laundry Sydney 530 Guest Room
Hotel – No Cooling Tower or Laundry Sydney 500 Guest Room
Hotel 2é to 3é London 110 Bed Space
Hotel 4é to 5é London 220 Bed Space
Hotel Average 2é Rating Europe 454 Guest
Hotel EU Ecolable Benchmark 2é Rating Europe 283 Guest
Hotel Average 3é Rating Europe 424 Guest
Hotel EU Ecolable Benchmark 3é Rating Europe 210 Guest
Hotel Average 4é Rating Europe 335 Guest
Hotel EU Ecolable Benchmark 4é Rating Europe 201 Guest
Hotel Average 5é Rating Europe 595 Guest
Hotel EU Ecolable Benchmark 5é Rating Europe 310 Guest
Motel Brisbane 200-250 Guest Room
Bed and Breakfast Brisbane 250-300 Guest Room
London 85 Bed Space
Development Location Water Unit
Litres / day
Hostel Brisbane 200-250 Guest Room
Hotel: Use by location
Irrigation Sydney 20-24 Guest Room
Rooms Brisbane 210-270 Guest Room
Kitchen Brisbane 80-100 Guest Room
Cooling Tower Brisbane 75-90 Guest Room
Laundry Brisbane 75-100 Guest Room
* 1.5 Equivalent Persons per Guest Room.