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Algebra 3: Matrix Determinants Solutions

The document contains solutions to various problems related to determinants of matrices in an Algebra 3 course. It covers properties of symmetric, upper triangular, and diagonal matrices, as well as calculations of determinants and inverses. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between the determinants of products of matrices and their inverses.

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nextlvl2025u
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9 views4 pages

Algebra 3: Matrix Determinants Solutions

The document contains solutions to various problems related to determinants of matrices in an Algebra 3 course. It covers properties of symmetric, upper triangular, and diagonal matrices, as well as calculations of determinants and inverses. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between the determinants of products of matrices and their inverses.

Uploaded by

nextlvl2025u
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Dr.

Ahlem Nemer 1

Course : Algebra 3 Year : 2023/2024


Chapter 1 : Determinants of matrices Department of Computer Science

Solutions

Solution 0.1 .
1)
1. A is a symmetric matrix if a = 5 and b = 6.
2. A is an upper triangular matrix if a = b = 0.
2) C is a 
diagonal matrix
 if a, e and i are not equal to 0 such that b = c = f = d = g = h = 0.
3 0 4
3) B T =  4 2 1 .
1 3 0
2 3 0 3 0 2
4)|B| = 3 −4 +1 = 31 6= 0 yes, it is possible to determine B −1
1 0 4 0 4 1

Solution 0.2 .
3 4 2 4 2 3
|A| = 5 −6 +7 = −21 6= 0. We deduce that A−1 exists.
5 2 1 2 1 5

Solution 0.3 .

2 α 0 α 0 2
|A| = α −1 +2
1 1 (α − 2) 1 (α − 2) 1
= −4(α − 2)

This leads to |A| = 0 =⇒ α = 2

Solution 0.4 .
1)     
2 1 3 x 3
 4 5 7  y  =  0 
0 1 8 z 2
.
|A| = 46.
3 1 3 2 3 3 2 1 3
0 5 7 4 0 7 4 5 0
2 1 8 83 0 2 8 −100 −50 0 1 2 24
x= = ,y = = = ,z = = .
46 46 46 46 23 46 46
Dr. Ahlem Nemer 2

2)     
3 2 9 x 4
 8 0 1  y  =  2 
7 5 4 z 1
.
|A| = 295.
4 2 9 3 4 9 3 2 4
2 0 1 8 2 1 8 0 2
1 5 4 56 7 1 4 −133 7 5 1 142
x= = ,y = = ,z = = .
295 295 295 295 295 295
Solution 0.5 .
1)     
5 1 x 5
= .
3 4 y 6
|A| = 17.  
1 4 −1
A−1 = .
17 −3 5
 
   14
1 4 −1 5
X = A−1 B = =  17
15  .
 
17 −3 5 6
17
2)     
1 2 4 x 1
 7 5 3  y  =  3 .
9 7 1 z 4
|A| = 40.  
−16 26 −14
1
A−1 =  20 −35 25  .
40
4 11 −9
6
 
 40 
−1
 15 
X=A B=  40  .

 1 
40
Solution 0.6 .
1) We have A2 = A and B = A − I. This leads to

B2 = (A − I)2
= A2 − 2A + I
= A − 2A + I
= −A + I
= −(A − I)
= −B
Dr. Ahlem Nemer 3

2) We have A2 = I and B = 3(A + I). This leads to

B2 = (3(A + I))2
= 9(A2 + 2A + I)
= 9(2I + 2A)
= 6(3(I + A))
= 6B

Solution 0.7 .
1)Take that

(A−1 )T AT = (AA−1 )T
= (I)T
= I

and that

AT (A−1 )T = (A−1 A)T


= (I)T
= I

Thus, we find
(A−1 )T AT = I, and AT (A−1 )T = I.

In the sequel, we deduce


(AT )−1 = (A−1 )T .
2).
a) From the property of the determinant of the product of two matrices, we have

|AB| = |A||B|

. We know that |A| =


6 0 and |B| =
6 0. This leads to

|AB| =
6 0

.
Dr. Ahlem Nemer 4

b)We have |AB| =


6 0, then AB is invertible. Here, we take that

(B −1 A−1 )(AB) = B −1 (A−1 A)B


= B −1 IB
= B −1 B
= I

and that

(AB)(B −1 A−1 ) = A(BB −1 )A−1


= A(I)A−1
= AA−1
= I

Thus, we obtain

(B −1 A−1 )(AB) = I, and (AB)(B −1 A−1 ) = I


Then, we deduce that
(AB)−1 = B −1 A−1 .

Common questions

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The identity matrix serves as a neutral element in matrix multiplication. When A^2 = I, like in orthogonal matrices, it means A is its own inverse. This property ensures stability and consistency across transformations, maintaining dimensional integrity .

Matrix B is invertible if its determinant is not zero . The determinant of B is calculated as 31, which is non-zero, thus confirming that the inverse of matrix B exists .

The property (A^-1)^T A^T = I is important as it confirms that the inverse of a matrix's transpose is the transpose of the matrix's inverse, preserving the identity under matrix multiplication . This aids in simplifying complex matrix manipulations and calculations.

The property of matrix inversion relates to transposition and the product of matrices through identities like (A^-1)^T = (A^T)^-1, and for the product, |AB| = |A||B| implies (AB)^-1 = B^-1A^-1 when each matrix is invertible .

Matrix multiplication affects the solution of a system of equations by transforming variables via matrices. Solving the system AX = B involves finding A^-1 to compute X = A^-1B, as shown where matrix inverses and transposes ensure unique solutions .

A determinant equal to zero indicates that the matrix is singular, meaning it has no inverse and its rows are linearly dependent. For example, matrix A is found to have |A| = 0 when α = 2, implying it becomes non-invertible at this value .

The condition A^2 = A implies that A is an idempotent matrix, meaning applying the matrix multiple times doesn't change the result beyond the initial application . This concept is significant in projections and stability in computations.

A matrix can be both triangular and diagonal if all its non-diagonal elements are zero, for example, when a, e, and i are non-zero, and all other elements are zeroes . This property implies that the matrix has eigenvalues equal to its diagonal elements and maximally simplifies multiplication and determinant computation.

Matrix A is symmetric if its transpose is equal to itself, which occurs if a=5 and b=6 . Symmetry in matrices matters in linear algebra because symmetric matrices have real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenvectors, which simplifies many computations.

For AB to be invertible, both A and B must have non-zero determinants, which implies |AB| = |A||B| is also non-zero . This ensures that the composition of linear transformations is still a transformation without losing dimensionality.

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