ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL MEDIA LITERACY AMONG

THOSE BELONGING TO GENERATION X, Y AND Z

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School

Caluluan National High School

Concepcion Tarlac

________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2

________________

Alejandro B. Santiago Jr, Hazel Ann H. De Guzman, Marcus C. Matic, Carl Mc Khenzie

Delos Reyes, Andrei M. Nicdao, Mc Pineda, James Andrew B. Busel, Lennard G.

Lagazon, Jenold Christian L. Meneses, Khaster Troy V Agustin, Aldrin R. Mendoza,

Vincent M. Yumul

SEPTEMBER 2025
CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND ………………….. 1

Background of the Study…………………………………………… 1

Statement of the Problem/Statement of Objective…………………. 1

Significance of the Study………………………………………..…. 1

Scope and Delimitations……………………………………………. 2

Literature Review and Related Studies……………………….......... 3

Conceptual/Theoretical Framework……………………………...... 6

Definition of Terms………………………………………………... 7

CHAPTER

2 METHODS…………………...…………………………................. 7

Research Design…………………...………………………….......... 7

Locale of the Study…………………………………………………. 7

Sampling Design………..…………………………………………... 7

Research Instruments………………………………………………. 9

Data Gathering Procedure………………...………………………... 11

Data Analysis………………………………………………………. 12

Ethical Considerations……………………………………………… 15

OTHER DETAILS

References…………………………………………………………… 16

Letter to the School Head…………………………………...………… 18

Letter to the School Respondents……………………………………… 19

Ethical Considerations………………………………………..………… 20
Bionote……………..………………………………………..………..… 21

Chapter 1
 The Problem and its Background

The research aims to assess the knowledge and the level of preparedness of senior

high school students of Caluluan National High School. In order for us to conduct this

study, the respondents will help us to gather information wherein the data being collected

will undergo to analysis and interpretation to complete this research paper. Finally, this

study will give awareness about preparedness on potential earthquake to students, their

families and future researchers

Background of the Study

Earthquake occurs when energy is released from the earth's outermost layer or

when volcanic activity causes a rapid, strong ground disruption (Fan 2019). It can range

in intensity from subtle tremors to catastrophic catastrophes that, depending on the extent

and duration of seismic activity, frequently cause significant losses and fatalities. ( De

Guzman et al. 2023). The most common reason for earthquake activity is the movement

of several fractures or fault systems inside the surface of the earth. Earthquakes are

regarded as one of the worst and most devastating natural catastrophes. (Carter 2007).

Earthquake drills and exercises are an extremely important part of the

preparedness plan because they 1) teach students, staff, and parents how to respond to

the complications of an actual earthquake, and 2) help you evaluate how well all parts

of /your emergency plan work together, and how well your staff and students. D7iThe

global is dealing with distinctive herbal risks that substantially have an impact on human

beings' fitness and safety. These destroy homes and different infrastructures. Hence, it

damages the environment and the existence of everyone. A network with a catastrophe

plan is a lot extra secure than oldsters who do now no longer have. Disaster plans consist
of earthquake preparedness, floods, and others. Being organized with such calamities

might surely reduce the harm to human beings and nature. It will hold lives and enhance

the first-rate of survival. Whereas, if the sure network or very own circle of relatives does

now no longer have a lot extra take care of storm preparedness or another catastrophe, it

might truly comply with the opposite one.

One of the prominent fault zones where the majority of

The Circum-Pacific Belt, often known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, is where earthquakes

and volcanic eruptions occur. An extensive network of seismic systems and active

volcanoes envelops the surface of the Pacific Ocean (Masum 2019).

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) states that

the "Pacific Ring of Fire" is a tectonically active and dynamic region of the world.

Situated adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Plate, the area is referred to as the

Ring of Fire since it is home to more than 75% of the world's volcanoes. Numerous

earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions have also occurred there. As part of the

"Pacific Ring of Fire," the Philippines is susceptible to earthquakes, tsunamis, and

volcanic eruptions, according to PHIVOLCS.

As a developing nation, the Philippines has been planning for safety and creating

plans to deal with the complicated issues that earthquakes bring up. (Yariyan et al. 2020)

observed that there have been approximately 2 million recorded deaths globally as a

result of earthquake events. Between 1599 and 2020, 6158 deaths in the Philippines were

reported as a result of these casualties. This is due to the fact that there are many active

faults all across the Philippines, including the Central Philippine Fault, the Eastern

Philippine Fault, the Marikina/Valley Fault, the Western Philippine Fault, and the South
of Mindanao Fault. (Yariyan et al. 2020). Because the Philippines is surrounded by five

active faults, an expected huge An earthquake that has been occurring for 400 years has

been detected. This is known as "The Big One," this enormous earthquake is predicted to

have a magnitude of 7.2. The PHILVOCS predicts that it will begin from the West Valley

Fault and strike the Philippines' capital, together with seven other cities and neighboring

provinces (Ong & Zulvia). The expected harm that "The Big One" will inflict and the

many terrible The Philippines' recent earthquakes have prompted attempts to ascertain the

Filipinos' readiness and alleviation of this innate aversion (Ong & Zulvia)

Knowledge is the most important aspect of disaster risk reduction. A thorough

understanding of disasters can assist in making the best choices during emergencies

(Aksa 2020). Referring to the theory of the protective action decision model (PADM)

developed by Lindell and Perry (2004), knowledge plays a role in influencing people in

the decision-making process when a disaster occurs. Knowledge greatly influences the

perception of disaster risk (Adiyoso & Kanegae 2013).

Preparedness is a series of activities carried out to anticipate disasters through

appropriate and efficient organization and steps. The Big Indonesian Dictionary defines

preparedness as "a state of readiness". Thus, preparedness can also be defined as a state

of readiness carried out to anticipate disasters in an effective and efficient manner. (Leo

Widdyusuf, 2022). Earthquake preparedness is a set of measures taken at individual,

organizational, and societal levels to minimize the effect of an earthquake. Natural

disasters are unforeseen and unavoidable, but their consequences may be reduced with

knowledge and practice about preparedness (Cartwright, Hall, & Lee, 2017).
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the knowledge of senior high school students on the

preparedness of potential earthquake on Caluluan National High School. Specifically, it

sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the current level of preparedness of the respondents on earthquake in

terms of:

1.1 Individual Preparedness

1.2 Holistic Preparedness

2. What is the significant relationship of knowledge of the respondents on the level of

preparedness regarding earthquake?

Significance of the Study

This study aims to give awareness about how crucial the knowledge of the respondents

and the level of preparedness are and the result of the study will benefit the following:

Student. The result will provide the students to improve their preparedness in terms of

their individual preparedness. It will give the students further understanding and knowledge on

how to be safe from a potential earthquake.

Teachers. They can use this as an instrument for guiding and a material to intergrate

earthquake preparedness education into their lessons and conduct regular earthquake drills to

ensure students are prepared for potential disasters. Teachers can also provide relevant learning

materials and encourage discussions on earthquake safety measures.

Parents. It is important for the parents to help their children understand earthquake

safety, make emergency plans, and ensure their homes have the necessary emergency

supplies.
 Society. The result of the study may also benefit society through this study, society can
become more aware on enhancing their knowledge and individual and holistic preparedness of a
community or person.
Future researchers, this study can serve as a guide for further research on

earthquake preparedness among students, particularly in evaluating the effectiveness of drills

and educational programs in schools. Future studies may also explore the role of community

involvement and the impact of technological innovations, such as mobile applications and

early warning systems, in enhancing earthquake preparedness among students and their

families.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This research investigate the benefit and the significant relationship of knowledge and the

level of preparedness of senior high school students of Caluluan National High School. It aims to

assess their prior knowledge and the level of preparedness about the occurrence of a potential

earthquake. Also, the respondents of this study are the senior high school students of Caluluan

National High School.

This study focused and limited only senior high school students because in a study by

Cortes and Tactay (2024) The findings revealed low awareness and preparedness for natural

disasters among senior high school students. Data will be collected using survey questionnaires

distributed to respondents. The research will be conducted in the first semester of the first quarter

of academic year 2024-2025.

Literature Review and Related Studies

Holistic Individual Preparedness (HIP) represents a community’s readiness to

respond to and recover from hazards across six dimensions and the surrounding environment

(Jensen 2014; Nojang and Jensen 2020). The four theoretical factors include knowledge,

subsistence, loss minimization, social integration, technology integration.

 The first theoretical factor that include subsistence which prior to the occurrence of a

hazard event, this dimension indicates if persons have what they need to survive in the

immediate aftermath of an incident. Over 80% had emergency equipment such as a helmet,

fire extinguisher, escape route, backup lighting, dry food and drink, medical sup- plies, first-

aid kit, etc (Rahman et al 2023) Next, Loss Minimization which focuses on evaluating the

amount to which individuals have minimized loss in relation to the major risks they and their

property face, particularly whether they have taken precautions that would otherwise

necessitate post-event monitoring. (Rahman et al. 2023). Furthermore, Social integration

which those with greater social connections will likely affirm and act more quickly than

those with fewer ties. Many agreed they had volunteer organizations that might help after an

earthquake. Half of them also felt a strong sense of community after the earthquake and had

close friends or family members they could stay with or turn to for financial relief (Rahman

et al. 2023). Lastly is Technological Integration which focuses on having access to

information across many channels (such as radio, television, social media, and formal

warning technology) enhances the possibility that individuals will obtain crucial response-

related information. Around half of the participants have an emergency number list. (Rahman

et al. 2023).

Prior research on individual/household preparedness was criticized for not

developing competency in the idea of preparedness or its components (Nojang and Jensen

2020). Rahman et al. (2023) created the Holistic Individual Preparedness Model (HIPM) to

take into account household and individual reaction and progressive recovery, promote

inquiry, and enable effective application across time, place, risk, and culture. The model

illustrates how prepared a community is to react to and recover from environmental and six-

dimensional dangers. (Nojang and Jensen 2020; Jensen 2014). Knowledge, subsistence, loss

reduction, social integration, technological integration, and mental and physical flexibility
are the four theoretical components. While the final three elements were determined using

empirical data, the first three categories were created using readiness inventory

In some recent studies show that, the large number of casualties was caused by lack

of knowledge, preparedness and poor building construction (Escaleras, Anbarci & Register

2007; Goda et al. 2018; Mertes & Dunne 2008). Disaster preparedness is strongly influenced

by the knowledge of each individual (Rohrmann 2008). Disaster risk knowledge is

influenced by four factors, namely, (1) risk factors, such as the likelihood and frequency of

an event; (2) information factors, such as sources and levels of information; (3) personal

factors, such as age, gender, profession and disaster experience and (4) contextual factors,

such as family status, vulnerability index and area of residence (Wachinger et al. 2013). In

addition, socio-economic, political and religious factors also play a role in influencing risk

knowledge (Nakayama et al. 2019; Sasaki et al. 2019). A review stated that as was said by

many experts and persons alike, disasters do not kill people. It is a lack of preparedness for

one that takes lives. Yet even after such a cataclysmic event, when it comes to disaster. The

lack of preparation has also been proven a major threat to many human lives.

Earthquakes are a prime example of a complex natural process that is not well

understood, yet has immense societal relevance. Seismic hazard and risks continue to

increase rapidly, due to urbanization and development of high‐risk utility plants (chemical

and nuclear), as well as critical distributed infrastructure (water, energy, and

communications) below and above the surface (e.g., Bilham, 2009; Porter et al., 2011;

Detweiler and Wein, 2017). Earthquake has long been a concern in disaster setting, but

recently victim of earthquake is increasingly, most of schools practicing earthquake drill as a

preparedness since no one can notify if when the earthquake will come, everyone may know

what to do during earthquake since it can cause loss of life if they are wont prepared or don’t

have any knowledge about earthquake.

 While many studies explore disaster preparedness, there is limited understanding of

how different factors like social connections, technology, and personal knowledge interact

across various socio-cultural and economic settings (Nojang & Jensen, 2020; Rahman et al.,

2023). Most research focuses on physical preparedness, such as emergency supplies and risk

reduction (Rahman et al., 2023), but not enough examines how mental and behavioral

adaptation supports long-term resilience (Wachinger et al., 2013). Additionally, while social

and technological factors are known to aid preparedness, their real impact on decision-

making during disasters is unclear (Nakayama et al., 2019). Respondents must be prepared to

reduce loss of life, minimize property damage, and ensure faster recovery after disasters.

Prepared individuals can respond quickly, access emergency resources, and help their

communities recover effectively. If respondents are not prepared, they may face higher risks

of injury, loss of essential resources, and delayed recovery. Lack of knowledge, poor risk

perception, and insufficient access to preparedness tools can lead to panic, ineffective

responses, and increased casualties, especially in high-risk areas (Porter et al., 2011;

Detweiler & Wein, 2017). Future research should explore how preparedness strategies can be

adapted to different demographics and locations to improve resilience. This research aims to

identify the benefit whether there would be a reduction in loss of life and property damage.

With improved preparedness, people would know how to respond effectively in emergency

situations, minimizing panic and confusion. Access to well-structured information and

resources would enhance decision-making during disasters, ensuring that individuals and

communities act swiftly to protect themselves (Nakayama et al., 2019).

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1

Paradigm of the study

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. The knowledge on the Survey

preparedness regarding Questionnaire
earthquake

2. The knowledge on the

individual preparedness
regarding earthquake
Subsistence

3. The knowledge on the

individual preparedness
regarding earthquake
Loss Minimization

4. The knowledge on the

holistic preparedness
regarding earthquake
Social Integration

5. the knowledge on the

holistic preparedness
regarding earthquake
Technological Integration

6. The significant
relationship of
knowledge of the
respondents on the level
of preparedness regarding Chapter 2
earthquake
Methods

This chapter contains the methods of research used in the study, the research

design, the locale of the study, sampling method, the research instruments, data gathering

procedure, data analysis and the ethical consideration.

Definition of Terms
 CHAPTER 2

METHODS

Research Design

A Descriptive to Correlational research design wherein the researchers aim to know the

knowledge of senior high school students regarding earthquake preparedness and whether there is

a significant relationship between knowledge and preparedness regarding earthquake. The

researchers will use descriptive research design wherein it describes if senior high school studens

have high or low knowledge regarding preparedness on earthquake. Their knowledge will be

explained by using descriptive approach. While, the researchers will also use correlational design

to assess the significant relationship between knowledge and preparedness regarding earthquake

wherein if senior high school students have high high or low correlational relationship.

Locale of the study

The conduct of this study is in Caluluan National High School in Castro St,. Caluluan,

Concepcion, Tarlac. The researchers decided to conduct this research in the aforementioned

school since it is where the respondents of this study are currently enrolled.

Sample Size

In determining the sample size, the researchers will use Slovin’s formula

Where:

n = is our sample size

N = is the total population

e = is the margin of error which is 5%

Formula:
 Will be used to get the sample size of the total population. According to Caluluan

National High School, Senior High School students have the total population of 498 both

male and female as of the first semester of S.Y. 2024-2025. Base on the computation we

made we have the total of 222 respondents.

Furthermore, the sample population was divided into two categories which are

Academic strands and Skill based.

The study utilized stratified random sampling from the total student population.

Please refer to Table 1 for the division of strata (i.e.,senior high students) with their

corresponding number of students arranged in Academic strands and skill based category

which are the Science Technology and Mathematics (STEM), Accounting Business

Management(ABM), Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS), Technical Vocational

Livelihood (TVL), Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The sample size

in each stratum was determined by dividing the size of the entire sample by the population

size of each stratum. Refer to Table 1 for details.

Table 1.

Sample size, total population of the senior high students, total number of students per

senior high level arranged in Academic strands and skill-based category, and sample size

for each stratum

CATEGORY STRATA POPULATION SAMPLE

SIZE FOR
N
EACH
STRATA

Strata =
RPS/Nxn

Academic Track STEM 92 41

ABM
71 32
HUMSS
 168 76

TVL ICT & HE 155 69

Total: 486 219

Sampling Design of the Study

To know the respondents for this study, the researchers will choose their respondents

randomly using stratified random sampling technique wherein it involves the division of a

population into smaller subgroups known as strata.

Research Instruments

To examine the knowledge of earthquake preparedness among senior high school

students, survey questionnaires will be provided for the respondents to answer. The

researchers utilized an adaptive questionnaires that states the research title, the objectives of

the study, respondents validation and consent with signature, and also states the

questionnaire instruction that will be included in the dissemination of the survey

questionnaire.

A consent form was also included at the start of the survey, allowing respondents to

assert their autonomy as well as consent to participate in the research. The questionnaire was

based primarily on the model study that was used for this study, with the questions adjusted

to correspond with the study's specific objectives. Furthermore, in order to reduce the total

number of questions, questions that share some similarities were merged into one.

The structure questionnaires were divided into 4 sections, where each part aims to

answer th study’s specific objectives. Please refer to Table 2 for the breakdown of each

section as well as the coverage and number of questions per section

Table 1
 The total number of questions in the structured questionnaire and the questions covered by

each section.

SECTIONS QUESTIONS COVERED PER NO. OF

SECTIONS QUESTIONS PER

SECTION

A The knowledge on preparedness regarding 6

Earthquake

B The knowledge on the Individual 5

Preparedness regarding earthquake

C The knowledge on the Holistic Preparedness 8

regarding Earthquake

Total number of questions: 19

The questionnaire was adapted from the study of Rahman et al. (2023) entitled

Earthquake preparedness in an urban area: the case of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

1. Section A states about Assessing the knowledge on the preparedness regarding

earthquake that covers 6 in the same section, which discusses whether you are

knowledgeable on what to do during an earthquake. The researchers will use the

Likert scale based on frequently wherein (5) Totally Agree, (4) Agree, (3)

Neutral, (2) Disagree, (1) Totally Agree

2. Section B which states Assessing the knowledge on the individual preparedness

regarding earthquake that covers 5 questions in the same section, which discusses

earthquake preparedness like emergency tools or rations and it also discusses

 whether personal and dangerous objects are kept well in their home . in this part

we will also use a Likert scale base on the frequency which used in the section A.

Lastly in;

3. Section C, which includes Assessing the knowledge on the holistic preparedness

regarding earthquake that covers 8 questions in the same section, which discusses

whether people would aid them during an earthquake and it also discusses

discusses the necessary technology like emergency numbers and information

media, the response format was the Likert type on the following scale: (5) Totally

Agree, (4) Agree, (3) Neutral, (2) Disagree, (1) Totally Agree

4. Correlational the researchers were going to determine the knowledge and the

earthquake preparedness regarding potential earthquake, at this part the

researchers will use pearson’s r to correlate the respondents answer to those ask

questionnaires.

Overall, those section talks about senior high school student’s knowledge

and preparedness regarding earthquake, wherein all the questions came from one study

which is mentioned in the first paragraph.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before collecting data, the researchers provide a consent letter to explain the

objective of the study. The survey questionnaire was taken from other study that is

related to our title. Before giving them the questionnaire, researchers will clearly explain

what the study was all about. The researchers will use a 5- point Likert scale for the

questionnaire for all the objective wherein our respondents will indicate how often they
perform certain actions on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest and 1 is the lowest,

wherein 5 is Strongly Agree, 4 is Agree, 3 is Moderate, 2 is Disagree, and 1 is Strongly

Disagree. After collecting the data in Section 2 and 3, the researcher will use

Correlational to correlate the said section with the knowledge of the respondents.

While our respondents are answering, the researchers will keep our eye on them

to ensure that they are reading it well. The researchers gathered data from the senior high

school students of Caluluan National High School and will ask their adviser for the total

population of our respondents and if we can use them to collect data. After collecting

data, researchers will be using statistical treatment to analyze and interpret the gathered

data from our respondents.

Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation

In this study, weighted mean and standard deviation will also be used to

determine and assess the knowledge regarding earthquake, and the level of preparedness

in terms of individual and holistic preparedness.

Formula: x= ∑WnXn ∑Wn

Where: = weighted mean

Wn = weights applied to x values

Xn = data values to be averaged

Pearson’s R

The researchers will also use Pearson’s R to measure the strength of the linear

relationship between two variables, which are the student's knowledge regarding
earthquake and the individual and holistic level of preparedness as the outcome. . It has a

value between -1 to 1, with a value of -1 meaning a total negative linear correlation, 0

being no correlation, and + 1 meaning a total positive correlation.

Formula for Pearson R—Insert here

Table 2

5 – Point Likert Scale on Student’s knowledge and level of preparedness.

Numerical Scale Weighted mean Interval Equivalent

Scale Response/Interpretation

5 Strong Agree 4.21-5.00

4 Agree 3.41-4.20

3 Neither 2.61-3.40

2 Disagree 1.81-2.60

1 Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.80

Table 3

Strength of the correlation between the two variables

Amount of r Strength of the Correlation

0.01 < 0.1 High Correlation

0.1 < 0.3 Medium Correlation

0.3 < 0.5 Low Correlation

 0.5 < 1 No Correlation

Ethical Considerations

In order to maintain the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non- maleficence,

integrity and confidentiality, the researchers followed a strict procedure in handling and

analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. An informed consent was obtained,

which is placed on the first page of the questionnaire and requires respondents to agree

before answering the survey form, which might be completed in 10 to 15 minutes on

average.

The study entailed no significant risk. The researchers made certain that no

additional information was gathered and that the pertinent data were only used for this

study in adherence to the Philippines’s Republic Act No. 10173, also known as the Data

Privacy Act of 2012. The research adviser and panelists are given access to the gathered

data only for verification of procedures and data. The records, especially those including

the participant's personal information, were kept strictly confidential.

The study started its planning phase between September 2025 to October 2025. The

distribution of the questionnaire began in November 2025, until January, 2026.

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 Letter to the School Head

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
CALULUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CASTRO ST., CALULUAN, CONCEPCION, TARLAC
September 15, 2025

AURORA S. FRANCIA.
Assistant Principal II – SHS
Caluluan National High School

Madam,

Greetings!

We, the students from Grade 12 – Bonifacio/Hernandez, are writing to request your kind permission to
please allow us to gather data for our ongoing research paper. We are currently in the process of
conducting important fieldwork for our research, which requires us to collect data from Senior High
School Students of Caluluan National High School. We believe this hands-on approach will greatly
enhance our learning experience and contribute to the success of our research paper.

The data collection will take place from October 20- November 14 2025 during the student's vacant time
so as not to disrupt classes. We kindly request your approval to allow us to proceed with this task.

Thank you for your attention and support. We look forward to your positive response.

Very truly yours,

JOANNA MARIE D. OROPIANO IAN A. PAULO

12-Hernandez Student Researcher Representative 12-Bonifacio Student Researcher Representative

EMMANUEL ALFONSO C. OCAMPO

12-Hernandez Student Researcher Representative

Noted:

NIMROD B. CABRERA Approved:

Research Teacher
AURORA S. FRANCIA.
Assistant Principal II – SHS
 Letter to the Respondents

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE
CALULUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
September 15, 2025

RESPONDENTS OF THE RESEARCH

Caluluan National High School
Caluluan, Concepcion, Tarlac

Greetings!
We, the member’s of Grade 12 students from Bonifacio/Hernandez (ICT/BARBERING), are
conducting a research study entitled "ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL MEDIA
LITERACY AMONG THOSE BELONGING TO GENERATION X,Y, AND Z”
The primary aim of our research is to gain valuable insights about the knowledge of students
on the preparedness of potential earthquake of Senior High students in Caluluan National High
School Based on the questionnaires ask.
Rest assured that any information provided will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.
The results of the survey will be used for academic purposes only and will contribute to the
understanding of the challenges and coping strategies used by the teachers.
Participation in this research study is voluntary, and your thoughtful consideration of this
request would greatly contribute to the advancement of educational research. If you have any
questions or concerns, please feel free to acquire the researchers directly.
Thank you for your time and consideration. Your participation is highly appreciated.

Sincerely,
JOANNA MARIE D. OROPIANO (sgd) JOHN LESTER SANTOS (sgd)
EMMANUEL ALFONSO OCAMPO (sgd) JAY MART MONTERO (sgd)
IAN PAULO (sgd) CHRISTIAN CAPULONG (sgd)
ELLIAS ZANDLER BALAGTAS (sgd) JOSEPH TOLENTINO (sgd)
IAN JAMES ALFONSO (sgd) ANGELO SORIANO (sgd)
RAISA LAUS (sgd) CINDY DELA CRUZ (sgd)
MARIELL GUEVARRA (sgd)
JEFFERIC LIPATA (sgd)
HENRY ARIOLA (sgd)
MARIA DIANE MACALAM (sgd)
LYN JOY ORTALEZA (sgd)
PRINCESS DIANA FELIX (sgd)
Researcher
 Noted by:
NIMROD B. CABRERA (sgd)
Research Adviser

Ethical Consideration

This research involves significant ethical considerations for its respondents.

Researchers are committed to maintaining the confidentiality of respondents' personal

information throughout the entire research process. The research objective was clearly

communicated to participants, underscoring the delicate nature of the subject.

Respondents were also given the option to refrain from participating if they chose not to

be part of the study.

Further, all respondents willingly accepted the survey forms for this research.

Researchers pledge to use the collected information exclusively for this study and assure

that it will not be divulged in any other way. Researchers will be held accountable in the

event of any unauthorized release of information pertaining to the collected data.

Through these measures, researchers take every conceivable step to ensure that

their research is ethically robust and appropriate in all respects, with the overarching goal

of preventing any harm to the respondents.

Bionote
PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Joanna Marie D. Oropiano

Home Address : Purok 1, Bantog, Lapaz, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09706550886
Email Address : joanamarieoropiano@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2025 - 2026)
Academic Track
Information Communication Technology (TVL ICT)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Bantog Elementary School (2012 – 2020)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Emmanuel Alfonso C. Ocampo

Home Address : Sta. Cruz Cpn, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09094485573
Email Address : cocampoemmanuelalfonso@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Information Communication Technology (TVL ICT)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)
Elementary Education
Sta. Cruz Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Ian Paulo

Home Address : Caluluan, Concepcion, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09516357315
Email Address : yan918086@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL BARBERING)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Concepcion East Central Elementary School (2012 – 2020)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Ellias Zandler Balagtas

Home Address : Caluluan Concepcion, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09924671197
Email Address : zandlerbalagtas@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Information Communication Technology (TVL ICT)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 – 2024)
Elementary Education
Concepcion East Central Elementary School (2012 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUNDSS

Name : Mariell C. Guevarra

Home Address : Café Concepcion, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09702841761
Email Address : mariellguevarra361@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 – 2026)
Academic Track
Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL BARBERING)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Café Elementary School (2013 – 2020)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Jefferic D. Lipata

Home Address : Bantog , Lapaz, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09539647206
Email Address : Jeffericdomingo27@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Information and Communication Technology (TVL ICT)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2023)
 Elementary Education
Bantog Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Raisa D. Laus

Home Address : Sta. Monica, Concepcion , Tarlac
Contact Number : 09125581548
Email Address : lausraisa@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2025)
Academic Track
Technical Vocational Livelihood(TVL - Barbering)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2014 – 2020)

Elementary Education
[Link] Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : John Lester N. Santos

Home Address : Bantog, Lapaz, Tarlac
Contact Number : 09635220754
Email Address : Lestersantos@[Link]
 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2025)
Academic Track
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2014 – 2020)

Elementary Education
Bantog Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name :Jay Mart S. Montero

Home Address : Maningning, st. Caluluan, Concepcion , Tarlac
Contact Number : 09307745330
Email Address : jayjaymontero8@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL - Barbering)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Concepcion East Elementary School (2013 – 2020)

Elementary Education
Concepcion East Elementary School (2013 – 2019)
 PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name :Christian E. Capulong

Home Address :Bantog, Lapaz, , Tarlac
Contact Number : 09100564091
Email Address : Capulongchristian19@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2023)

Elementary Education
Bantog Elementary School (2014 – 2020)

Elementary Education
Bantog Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name :Soriano Angelo D.

Home Address : Sta. Monica, Concepcion , Tarlac
Contact Number : 09850587834
Email Address : Sorianoangelo211@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

 Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2023)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name :Ian James G. Alfonso

Home Address : Sta. Monica, Concepcion , Tarlac
Contact Number : 09851415358
Email Address : Ianjamesalfonso25@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2026)
Academic Track
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2023)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2013 – 2019)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2013 – 2019)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name :
Home Address : Sta. Monica, Concepcion , Tarlac
Contact Number : 09125581548
Email Address : lausraisa@[Link]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Caluluan National High School (2024 - 2025)
Academic Track
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Junior High School

Caluluan National High School (2020 - 2024)

Elementary Education
Sta. Monica Elementary School (2014 – 2020)