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Sequences and Series in Calculus 3

The document discusses sequences in mathematics, distinguishing between finite and infinite sequences, and provides examples of sequence functions. It includes definitions, properties, and methods for graphing sequences, as well as problems for determining convergence and divergence of given sequences. Additionally, it presents exercises for students to practice identifying limits and characteristics of sequences.

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Givheart Panisan
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147 views19 pages

Sequences and Series in Calculus 3

The document discusses sequences in mathematics, distinguishing between finite and infinite sequences, and provides examples of sequence functions. It includes definitions, properties, and methods for graphing sequences, as well as problems for determining convergence and divergence of given sequences. Additionally, it presents exercises for students to practice identifying limits and characteristics of sequences.

Uploaded by

Givheart Panisan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SEQUENCES

BSED MATH III

ROSANNE U. DIADULA
Course Instructor
2, 4, 6, 8, 10
FINITE SEQUENCE

1 2 3 4
, , , ,…
3 5 7 9
INFINITE SEQUENCE

CALCULUS 3
A sequence function is a function whose
domain is the set {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … , 𝒏, … }
of all positive integers.

CALCULUS 3
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1
𝑛
Let f be the function defined by 𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑛 𝜖 {1, 2, 3, 4, … }
2𝑛+1
Then 𝑓 is a sequence function, and
1 2 3 4 5
𝑓 1 = 𝑓 2 = 𝑓 3 = 𝑓 4 = 𝑓 5 =
3 5 7 9 11

Some of the ordered pairs in the sequence function 𝑓 are


1 2 3 4 5
1, , 2, , 3, , 4, , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5, .
3 5 7 9 11

Thus, the elements of sequence (1) can be written as


1 2 3 4 𝑛
, , , ,…,
3 5 7 9 2𝑛 + 1
EXAMPLES

Write down the first few terms of each of the following sequences.
∞
𝑛+1
1.
𝑛2 𝑛=1

𝑛+1 ∞
−1
2.
2𝑛 𝑛=0

∞
3. 𝑏𝑛 𝑛=0 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝜋

CALCULUS 3
EXAMPLES

Find a formula for 𝑎𝑛 :

1 1 1 1
1. 1, , , , , …
3 9 27 81
2. {5, 1, 5, 1, … }

CALCULUS 3
GRAPHING A SEQUENCE

To graph the sequence 𝑎𝑛 , we plot the points 𝑛, 𝑎𝑛 as n ranges over all possible
values on a graph.
∞
𝑛+1
For instance, graph the sequence
𝑛2 𝑛=1
3 4 5 6
1, 2 , 2, , 3, , 4, , 5, …
4 9 16 25
The graph, for the first 30 terms of the sequence, is then,
GRAPHING A SEQUENCE

As n increases, the sequence terms in our sequence, gets closer to


zero.

We then say that zero is the limit (limiting value) of the sequence and
write

𝑛+1
lim 𝑎𝑛 = lim
2
=0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
WORKING DEFINITION OF LIMIT
PRECISE DEFINITION OF LIMIT
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

𝑥+2
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim 2
𝑥→−2 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2

2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim
𝑥→∞ 3 + 𝑥 + 6𝑥 2
THEOREM 3.
Try this!

Determine if the following sequences converge or diverge.

1. { −1 𝑛 }

2𝑛
2. 𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛+1

4𝑥 2
3. lim 2
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 + 1

CALCULUS 3
Try this!

Determine if the sequence is increasing, decreasing, or not monotonic.

𝑛
1. { }
2𝑛 + 1
1
2.
𝑛

−1 𝑛+1
3. { }
𝑛

CALCULUS 3
SEATWORK #1

Determine if the following sequences converge or diverge. If the sequence


converges, determine its limit.

𝑛+1 3𝑛2 − 1 4𝑛
1. 5. 8. 2
2𝑛 − 1 10𝑛 + 5𝑛2 𝑛 −7
2
2𝑛 + 1 𝑒𝑛 𝑛
2. 6. 9.
3𝑛2 − 𝑛 𝑛 2𝑛
𝑛2 − 7𝑛 + 3
3𝑛3 + 1 7. 10. {cos 𝑛𝜋}
3. 1 + 10𝑛 − 4𝑛2
2𝑛2 + 𝑛
3 − 2𝑛2
4.
𝑛2 + 1
CALCULUS 3
PROBLEM SET

For problems 1 & 2, list the 5 terms of the sequence. For problems 3 – 5, determine if the given
sequence converges or diverges. If it converges, identify its limit.
∞ 5𝑛 ∞
4𝑛 𝑒
1. 2 5.
𝑛 −7 𝑛=0
3 − 𝑒 2𝑛 𝑛=1
𝑛+1 ∞
−1
2. 𝑛
2𝑛 + −3 𝑛=2
∞
𝑛2 − 7𝑛 + 3
3.
1 + 10𝑛 − 4𝑛2 𝑛=3
𝑛−2 2 ∞
−1 𝑛
4.
4 + 𝑛3 𝑛=0

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