UNDERSTANDING
HACKING
CONCEPTS AND
NETWORK BASICS
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Hacking Concepts & Types of Hackers
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Types Of Hacking/Hackers
There are typically four key drivers that lead to bad actors hacking websites or
systems:
(1) financial gain through the theft of credit card details or by defrauding
financial services
(2) corporate espionage
(3) to gain notoriety or respect for their hacking talents.
(4) state-sponsored hacking that aims to steal business information and national
intelligence.
On top of that, there are politically motivated hackers—or hacktivists—who aim
to raise public attention by leaking sensitive information, such as Anonymous,
LulzSec, and WikiLeaks.
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Types Of Hacking/Hackers
Black Hat Hackers: Black hat hackers are the "bad guys" of the hacking
scene. They go out of their way to discover vulnerabilities in computer systems
and software to exploit them for financial gain or for more malicious purposes,
such as to gain reputation, carry out corporate espionage, or as part of a
nation-state hacking campaign.
They can steal sensitive personal information, compromise computer and
financial systems, and alter or take down the functionality of websites and
critical networks.
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Types Of Hacking/Hackers
White Hat Hackers: White hat hackers can be seen as the “good guys” who
attempt to prevent the success of black hat hackers through proactive hacking.
They use their technical skills to break into systems to assess and test the level
of network security, also known as ethical hacking.
This helps expose vulnerabilities in systems before black hat hackers can
detect and exploit them.
The techniques white hat hackers use are similar to or even identical to those of
black hat hackers, but these individuals are hired by organizations to test and
discover potential holes in their security defenses.
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Types Of Hacking/Hackers
Grey Hat Hackers: Grey hat hackers sit somewhere between the good and
the bad guys. Unlike black hat hackers, they attempt to violate standards
and principles but without intending to do harm or gain financially.
Their actions are typically carried out for the common good. For example,
they may exploit a vulnerability to raise awareness that it exists, but unlike
white hat hackers, they do so publicly. This alerts malicious actors to the
existence of the vulnerability.
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Types Of Hacking/Hackers
Grey Hat Hackers: Grey hat hackers sit somewhere between the good and
the bad guys. Unlike black hat hackers, they attempt to violate standards
and principles but without intending to do harm or gain financially.
Their actions are typically carried out for the common good. For example,
they may exploit a vulnerability to raise awareness that it exists, but unlike
white hat hackers, they do so publicly. This alerts malicious actors to the
existence of the vulnerability.
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Types of Attacks
DoS and DDoS attacks
MITM attacks
Phishing attacks
Ransomware
Password attacks
SQL injection attacks
URL interpretation
DNS spoofing
Insider threats
Trojan horses
Eavesdropping attacks
Malware attacks
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Network Devices Overview
Firewalls:
A Firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming
and outgoing network traffic based on an organization’s previously
established security policies.
At its most basic, a firewall is essentially the barrier that sits between a
private internal network and the public Internet.
A firewall’s main purpose is to allow non-threatening traffic in and to
keep dangerous traffic out.
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Network Devices Overview
Routers:
A Router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer
networks. One or more packet switched network or subnetworks can be connected
using a router. By sending data packets to their intended IP addresses, it manages
traffic between different networks and permits several devices to share an Internet
Connection
Switches: The Switch is a network device that is used to segment the networks into
different subnetworks called subnets or LAN segments. It is responsible for filtering
and forwarding the packets between LAN segments based on MAC address.
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Network Devices Overview
VPN:
A virtual private network, or VPN, is an encrypted connection over the Internet
from a device to a network. The encrypted connection helps ensure that sensitive
data is safely transmitted. It prevents unauthorized people from eavesdropping on
the traffic and allows the user to conduct work remotely. VPN technology is widely
used in corporate environments.
IDS:
An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that
monitors a network for malicious activity or policy violations. Any malicious activity
or violation is typically reported or collected centrally using a security information
and event management system.
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Network Devices Overview
IPS: Intrusion Prevention System is also known as Intrusion Detection and
Prevention System. It is a network security application that monitors network or
system activities for malicious activity. Major functions of intrusion prevention
systems are to identify malicious activity, collect information about this activity,
report it and attempt to block or stop it.
How Does an IPS Work?
An IPS works by analyzing network traffic in real-time and comparing it against
known attack patterns and signatures. When the system detects suspicious traffic, it
blocks it from entering the network.
Types of IPS
Network IPS
Host Based IPS
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