Fluid Mechanics Problem Set 1
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Jordan RonquilloFluid Mechanics Problem Set 1
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Jordan RonquilloCommon questions
Powered by AIGauge pressure is calculated using the formula \( P = \frac{F}{A} \), where \( F = m \cdot g = 1200 \; \text{kg} \times 9.81 \; \text{m/s}^2 \approx 11772 \; \text{N} \) and \( A = \pi \times (0.15 \; \text{m})^2 \approx 0.0707 \; \text{m}^2 \). The gauge pressure in pascals is approximately 166439 Pascals. To convert to atmospheres, use the conversion factor 1 atm = 101325 Pa, resulting in approximately 1.64 atm.
To ensure buoyancy, the weight of the displaced water must equal the combined weight of the ice plus the person. The necessary ice volume \( V \) can be found using Archimedes' principle where the upward buoyant force equals the gravitational force \( F = m \cdot g = 65 \; \text{kg} \times 9.81 \; \text{m/s}^2 = 637.65 \; \text{N} \). Given the ice density is lower than water, the volume of displaced water equals the volume required, and since freshwater density is 1000 kg/m³, \( V \approx 0.065 \; \text{m}^3 \) is needed to support the weight.
The system weight is the sum of the tank's weight and the water's weight. The water mass is \( V \cdot \rho = 0.2 \; \text{m}^3 \times 1000 \; \text{kg/m}^3 = 200 \; \text{kg} \). The total mass is \( 200 \; \text{kg} + 5 \; \text{kg} = 205 \; \text{kg} \). Therefore, the weight is \( 205 \; \text{kg} \times 9.81 \; \text{m/s}^2 \approx 2008 \; \text{N} \)
The absolute pressure in the tank can be determined by adding the vacuum gauge reading to the atmospheric pressure. Given a vacuum gauge reading of 30 kPa and a barometric reading of 755 mm Hg (which converts to approximately 100.7 kPa using the conversion factor 1 mm Hg = 0.133322 kPa), the absolute pressure is calculated as 100.7 kPa - 30 kPa = 70.7 kPa.
To find the depth \( Z \) and differential height \( h \), use the hydrostatic balance equation. With a tank pressure of 0.5 psi and oil with a specific weight of 54 lb/ft³, set up the equation: \( 0.5 \; \text{psi} = Z \times 54 \; \text{lb/ft}^3 \). Solve for \( Z \) to find the depth. Then, apply the pressure difference \( 2 \; \text{psi} - 0.5 \; \text{psi} = 1.5 \; \text{psi} \) to find \( h \) by translating psi to the height of the oil column.
To calculate the pressure on the diver, add the atmospheric pressure to the hydrostatic pressure. The hydrostatic pressure is calculated using the formula \( P = h \cdot \rho \cdot g \), where \( h = 30 \) m, \( \rho = 1030 \; \text{kg/m}^3 \) (density of seawater, considering specific gravity 1.03), and \( g = 9.81 \; \text{m/s}^2 \). The resulted hydrostatic pressure is approximately 303.69 kPa. Adding the barometric pressure of 101 kPa gives a total pressure of 404.69 kPa.