Definitions

1-Identification: recognition of features and

characters of a certain individual which
differentiates him from other individuals.
2-Finger prints: a ridges on the ball of fingers tips
that carry a microscopic pores which are opening of
mouths of ducts of sweet glands present in the
dermis and epidermis.
3- Foot prints: impression left by the skin pattern of
toes, sole of a foot & heals.
4-scar: permanent fibrous tissue developed to repair
discontinuity of skin(dermis), covered by epithelium
without hair follicles or sweat gland.
5-Tatto marks: designs imprinted in the skin due to
introduction of insoluble pigment by the fine needles
into dermis.
6-Pond fracture: depressed fracture occur in infant
where the bones are thin and elastic.
7-Cerebral concussion: state of sudden transient loss
of consciousness characterized by momentary
physiological disruption of the brain function with
little or no noticeable following head injuries either
fracture (blow) or not (blast of air in near explosion).
8-Lucid interval: period of temporary recovery
(regained conscious) from coma of concussion
before the patient passes to coma of compression
and during this period the patient may be able to
wake to home unaided and take in normal way and
tell events.
9-Compression of brain: clinical condition of loss of
consciousness and disturbed brain function due to
increase intracranial tension.
10-wounds: interruption of the continuity of body
tissue or organs following violence or trauma.
11-Permanent infirmity (disability): state or
condition left in person after certain injury and as
result of which: (person loss of his organs or its
function partially or completed- he is left weaker and
unable to carry his original work as a person of his
age & class).
12-Abrasion: superficial injuries of outer layer of skin
caused by friction or pressure on skin by rough blunt
or sharp object.
13-Contusion(=bruises): infiltration or extravasation
of blood into subcutaneous tissue due to rupture of
blood vessels under intact skin, capsule or
membrane caused by trauma with blunt object as
stick or stone.
14-Contused wound: tearing of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue caused by heavy blunt object
such as (heavy stick, big stone, motor car accident or
fall from height).
15-Cut(=incised) wound: produced by drawing the
edge of sharp instrument along the surface of the
skin e.g. knife, broken glass or razor.
16-Stab wound: produced by forcing (driving or
throttling) a sharp pointed instrument into the body
in stabbing manner as (knife or dragger).
17-Fabricated wound: self inflected wounds
fabricated by the persons on his body.
18-Deffense wound: spontaneous reaction (self
defense) of the victim when he is attacked by
another.
19-Shock: sudden circulatory collapse due to
(autonomic imbalance or loss of blood vessels tone),
leading to sudden impaired consciousness &
impaired blood supply to the vital organs like brain,
heart and kidney.
19-Embolism: partial or complete obstruction of
some parts of blood vascular system by any mass
carried in the circulation.
20-Heat injuries:
*destruction of tissue produced by application of
flame or hot solids.
*burns due to hot liquids and steam called scalds.
*burns due to strong acids and alkalies called
corrosion
21-Asphyxia: deprivation of the tissue from
oxygenation due to interference with respiratory
chain process.
22-Violent asphyxia: struggle to breath against some
sort of interference with respiratory passages or
movement.
23-Drowning: respiratory failure due to submersion
of mouth and nostrils under water and not essential
that the hole body under water.
24-Hanging: suspension of the body by ligature
around the neck either incompletely i.e.(feet or knee
touching ground) or completely i.e.(feet aren’t
touching ground). ‫كما االعدام‬
25-Strangulation: asphyxial death due to
constriction of the neck from outside by external
ligature which is tied forcibly around such as rope,
telephone wire, electric cable or clothes.
26-Throttling (=manual strangulation): asphyxial
death due to constriction of the neck from outside
by hand or application of force to the neck by
pressure from the hand.
27-Smothering: asphyxia death due to obstruction of
the air passage by closing external respiratory orifice
by hand or soft fabric. ‫ريا وسكينة‬
28-Traumatic asphyxia: asphyxia death due to
mechanical pressure on the chest and abdomen
leading to prevention of respiratory movement.
29-Chocking: asphyxia death due to occlusion of air
passage from inside.
30-Postural asphyxia: condition in which the person
remains in certain position for an extended time 30-
30-Postural asphyxia: condition in which person
remains in certain position for an extended time
either due to being trapped or being in a drunken
state, its position is inversion.
31-Rape: illegal and unlawful (=without marriage)
carnal knowledge (=sexual intercourse) of a living
woman by man other than her husband by force
(=physical or mental) without her consent and
against her will.
32-Virginity: a female who has not experienced
sexual intercourse -*Defloration means loss of
virginity.
33-Hymen: thin fold of mucous membrane of
embryonic remnants (1ml), partially closing the
vaginal orifice.
34-Pregnancy: state which occurs in female when an
ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon.
35-Abortion: explosion of the products of
conception at any period of gestation before full
term.
36-Legal=therapeutic=induced Abortion:
termination of pregnancy before time of foetal
viability in order to save the life of pregnant woman.
37-Criminal abortion: induction of abortion due to
any reason other than saving the mother life.
38-Delivary: spontaneous explosion of mature fetus
presenting by vertex through the birth canal within
24hrs without interference and fetal or maternal
complication.
39-Infantcide: unlawful killing of viable, living and
newly born infants.
40-Sudden infant death syndrome: condition in
infant who had previously been well and thought
necropathy fail to demonstrate the cause of death.
41-Battered baby syndrome(=child abuse): infant or
child suffered from repetitive physical (mental,
psychological or sexual) injuries inflected by parents
or guardians in circumstances that exclude accident.
42-Child sexual abuse: abusing of dependent
developmentary immature child and adolescents in
sexual activities.
43-Baby shaking syndrome: baby injuries or even
dead from head &spinal cord injuries due to shaking.
44-Death: complete irreversible and permanent
cessation of all vital function in a previously living
matter.
45-Coma: failure of brain function leading to
paralysis of vital centers.
46-Syncope: failure of heart function.
47-Persistent vegetative state: state of wakefulness
without awareness.
48-Primary flaccidity: muscular flaccidity or
relaxation occurring immediately after somatic
death (during a period of molecular life) due to loss
of muscle tone and power.
49-Sudden death: death from natural causes that
occurred suddenly and unexpected in apparently
health individual within 24hrs from onset of terminal
disease leading to suspicion of murder.
50-Hypostasis(=post mortem lividity=livor
mortis=skin stain): discoloration or staining of the
most dependent part of body (external skin and
internal organs) after death.
51-Rigor mortis(post mortem rigidity):progressive
muscular stiffening and shortening (rigidity) affecting
both voluntary and involuntary muscles; occurring
after 1ry flaccidity and followed by 2ry flaccidity.
52-Cadaveric spasm(=instantaneous rigor): state of
strong contraction of one group of the voluntary
muscle occurring immediately before death (at the
moment of death) without passing to stage of 1ry
flaccidity.
53-Putrefaction: usual end stage of decomposition
and resolution of the soft tissue of the body from
the organic to the inorganic states after death.
54-Adipocere formation: post mortem change
replacing putrefaction, in which the subcutaneous
fat of the body is transformed into(wax-like material)
/smooth, yellowish, solid, greasy having rancid smell.
(gravity less than water so it float).
55-Mummification: post mortem change replacing
putrefaction, in which bodies are exposed to hot dry
places(desert), to be transformed into dry, hard,
brown skin and shrunken dry internal organs.
56-Maceration: post mortem temporary change
replacing putrefaction, in which there is aseptic
autolytic changes in the body of dead foetus inside
uterus while it is enclosed in the membrane in a
strile condition.
57-Embalming: artificial preservation of a dead body
to prevent destruction by organisms.
58-Cremation: burning of dead body.
59-Exhumation: getting out of a dead body from its
grave.

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