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Network Layer and Security Concepts Review

Networking Tutorial

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16 views9 pages

Network Layer and Security Concepts Review

Networking Tutorial

Uploaded by

mrtbsekati
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

Network layer Tutorial Revision

[Link] is the function of the address resolution protocol (ARP)?


[Link] request is broadcast and ARP reply is _______.
[Link] does DHCP issue to the client?
[Link] is DHCP is used for?
5. What are the functions of The DHCP server?
[Link] error reporting, ICMP always reports error messages to which
node? Source or Destination?
[Link] of these is not a type of error-reporting message?
A. Destination unreachable
B. Source quench
C. Router error
D. Time exceeded
8. The TTL field has value 13. How many routers (max) can process this
datagram?
9. What should be the flag value M to indicate the last fragment?
10. Which field helps to check rearrangement of the fragments in IPv4?
11. If the value in protocol field is 2, which protocol should be used in IPv4
header?
12. Which one fields of an IP header cannot be modified by a typical IP
router?
13. What is the size of the header checksum field in IPv4 header (in
bytes)?
14. Name the fields that are related to fragmentation and reassembly of
an IPv4 datagram?
15. A router receives an IPv4 packet with the flag values D=0 and needs
to do fragmentation because of smaller MTU on the outgoing
interface. What does the router do?

//NAT and IPv6 Tutorial Revision

[Link] is The maximum number that IPv4 addresses can have?


2. What are the limitations of IPv4 addresses?
[Link] of the following is incorrect about Network Address Translation
(NAT)?
A. NAT is a process in which one or more local IP address is translated
into one or more Global IP
address and vice versa.
B. NAT results in switching path delays.
C. Certain applications will not function while NAT is enabled
D. Routers will do NAT translations without configuration.

4. What is the other name for Port Address Translation (PAT)?

1 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

[Link] _________ type of NAT, one or more private IP addresses can be


mapped to one public IP address.
A. Static NAT
B. Dynamic NAT
C. PAT
Explanation
Port Address Translation (PAT) is an extension of Network Address
Translation (NAT) that permits multiple devices on a LAN to be mapped
to a single public IP address to conserve IP addresses.
D. None of the above
Answer is C and is explained for your understanding.

[Link] of the following is incorrect about NAT?


A. NAT does not conserve IPv4 addresses.
B. Static NAT creates a fixed translation of private addresses to public
addresses
C. Static NAT allows the user to configure one-to-one translations.
D. NAT helps to reuse private IP addresses
7. What is the fixed base header length of an IPv6 datagram?
8. The traffic class field of IPv6 is similar to which field in the IPv4 header?
9. What are the type of addresses supported by IPv6?
10. Which field determines the lifetime of IPv6 datagram?
11. What is the size of an IP address in IPv6?
12. Which of the following is incorrect about IPv6 header format?
A. Version field is of 4 bits.
B. Flow Label field is of 20 bits.
C. Next Header field is of 16 bits.
D. Payload length field is of 16 bits
13. Which of the following is NOT correct about IPv6 address?
A. IPv6 supports real time applications.
B. IPv6 has increased address space when compared to IPv4.
C. IPv6 cannot be routed on IPv4 networks.
D. IPv6 has improved packet handling.
14. Which of the following is an incorrect IPv6 address?
A. 2001::1
B. FE80:0000:0000:0:0123:4567:89AB:CDEF:1010
C. 2003:DEAD:CAFE:cafe:ab33:46:abab:62
D. 2003:dead:bef:4dad:ab33:46:abab:62
NB: Explanation
An IPv6 address has 8 hextets represented in hexa-decimal. Hextet is
used to refer to a segment of 16 bits or four hexadecimals and IPv6
addresses can be written in either lowercase or uppercase. (::) is used to
represent contiguous 0s.

2 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

15. Which of the following is an incorrect IPv6 address?


A. FE80:FE80::1
B. 2001::CAFE
C. 2001:0DB8::ABCD::1234
D. 2001:DB8:0:0:ABCD: :100
NB: Explanation
(::) is used to represent contiguous 0s but it can appear only once in a
valid IPv6 address.

16. List the functions/services offered by the network layer?


17. In ______________ routing, the routing tables are updated periodically
and the routing tables are not manually updated by the network
administrator.

//Application layer and security


1. The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) for the application layer in the Internet
stack is known as?
2. Which protocol resolves the internet names?
3. Identify the correct order in which the following actions take place in
an interaction between a web browser and a web server.
1. The web browser requests a web page using HTTP.
2. The web browser establishes a TCP connection with the web server.
3. The web server sends the requested web page using HTTP.
4. The web browser resolves the domain name using DNS.

A. 4, 2, 1, 3
B. 1, 2, 3, 4
C. 4, 1, 2, 3
D. 2, 4, 1, 3

5. Which application-level protocol in which a manager control a set of


agents?
A. HTML
B. TCP
C. SNMP
D. SCTP

NB: Explanation for SNMP. Also check how others function.


SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP is an
Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information
about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that
information to change device behavior. SNMP follows Agent-Manager

3 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

model. Devices that typically support SNMP include cable modems,


routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, and more. It is an
application-level protocol in which a SNMP manager stations control a
set of SNMP agents.
6. Which of the following features has been enhanced in SNMPv3 when
compared to SNMPv2?
A. Management
B. Integration
C. Classification
D. Security

NB: Explanation for above


SNMPv3 has introduced new cryptographic security features such as
confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Confidentiality in SNMPv3
ensures data packets are encrypted and also ensures privacy.
Authentication in SNMPv3 ensures that the message is coming from a
reliable source. Integrity feature in SNMPv3 prevents unauthorized
modification of data packets. Hence option (d) is correct.

7. Which of the following is true about HTTP and HTTPS?


(i) HTTP is unsecured while HTTPS is secured.
(ii) HTTP sends data over port 80 while HTTPS uses port 443.
(iii) No SSL certificates are required for HTTP, with HTTPS it is required that
we have an SSL certificate and it is signed by a Certificate Authority
(CA).

A. (i) only
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (i) and (ii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)

8. List the E-mail protocols?


9. Consider different activities related to email: Identify the application-
level protocol used in each activity below?
m1: Send an email from a mail client to a mail server
m2: Download an email from mailbox server to a mail client
m3: Checking email in a web browser

10. Which transport layer protocol is used to support electronic mail?


11. The port numbers of the application layer protocols HTTP and HTTPS
are ______ and ______respectively.

//Network Security

1. Define Cryptography in full?


2. Which cryptographic type uses same key for encryption and
decryption?

4 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

3. Which cryptographic type uses unique keys for encryption and


decryption?
4. Describe Ciphertext and Plaintext ?
5. In security, CIA stands for

NB: Explanation for your understanding


Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability, also known as the CIA triad, is a
model designed to guide policies for information security within an
organization. The model is also sometimes referred to as the AIC triad
(availability, integrity and confidentiality) to avoid confusion with the Central
Intelligence Agency. The elements of the triad are considered the three most
crucial components of security. Hence option (a) is correct.

[Link] the private and public key encryption algorithms?

//TTL solved Problems

Question 1

Network layer solved questions

Question 1:

5 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

//Fragmentation and MTU

6 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

//Extra questions on NAT and IPv6

7 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

Check the solution on solved questions.

//Ethernet

8 DrTM
CSI374 Tutorial Revision 3: Week 10-12

Consider that the link capacity of a channel is 512kbps and the round trip
delay time is 1000ms. What will be the Bandwidth Delay Product for this
channel?

//Flow control, Please check other solved questions from the notes.

9 DrTM

Common questions

Powered by AI

The Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP) is a measure of data volume that can be in transit in the network at any given time, calculated as the product of link bandwidth and round-trip delay time. It is crucial for tuning TCP window sizes to ensure full utilization of the available bandwidth. A mismatch in BDP and window sizes can lead to underutilization or congestion, affecting network throughput and performance .

In symmetric encryption, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, requiring secure key exchange between communicating parties. Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of public and private keys, where the public key encrypts data, and the private key decrypts it. This method eliminates the need for secure key exchange and provides better security for digital transactions .

IPv6 offers a vastly larger address space compared to IPv4, using 128-bit addresses instead of 32-bit, which allows for an increased number of unique IP addresses. Functionality improvements include built-in support for multicast, simplified header structure for faster processing, and improved support for mobile devices, addressing the limitations of IPv4 regarding address exhaustion and network efficiency .

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automates the assignment of IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and other networking parameters to devices on a network. This reduces the need for manual configuration by network administrators, helps avoid IP conflicts, and ensures seamless connectivity as devices join or leave the network .

Network Address Translation (NAT) addresses the depletion of IPv4 addresses by enabling multiple devices to share a single public IP address without revealing private IP addresses externally. Port Address Translation (PAT) extends NAT by allowing multiple devices within a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address through port numbers, thereby conserving IP addresses even further .

The More Fragments (MF) flag in IPv4 fragmentation indicates whether there are more fragments of the packet. If the flag is set to 1, it means more fragments are following; if it is 0, it marks the last fragment of that particular IP datagram .

SNMPv3 introduced new security features not present in SNMPv2, including authentication, encryption, and message integrity checks. It ensures data confidentiality through packet encryption, confirms message authenticity, and protects against unauthorized data modifications, enhancing the security of network management .

The primary function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is to map an IP address to its corresponding physical MAC address on a local area network. This process allows communication within a network by enabling devices to discover each other's hardware addresses .

HTTP is the foundation of data communication on the web, sending data over port 80 without encryption, making it vulnerable to interception. HTTPS, however, adds a layer of security by encrypting data transmission using SSL/TLS over port 443. This requires an SSL certificate signed by a Certificate Authority, ensuring secure and confidential communication .

ICMP is used for error reporting and diagnostics within IP networks. It reports errors such as 'destination unreachable' or 'time exceeded' to the source node. However, ICMP does not correct errors directly and cannot be used to trace intermediate failures between nodes. Instead, it simply informs the source of an issue, often relying on other protocols to handle rectification .

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