MCQ sample questions: Unit II- Optoelectronics

LASER and Photodiodes

Ordinary light is produced by:

A. Candles
B. Incandescent bulbs
C. LEDs
D. All of the above

2.) The colour of ordinary light is determined by:

A. Its wavelength
B. Its intensity
C. Its polarization
D. Its coherence

3.) Ordinary light is:

A. Produced by the spontaneous emission of photons

B. Produced by the stimulated emission of photons
C. Produced by both spontaneous and stimulated emission of photons
D. None of the above

4.) Which of the following types of electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest
wavelength

A. Radio Waves
B. Microwaves
C. Infrared Radiation
D. Gamma Rays

5.) Coherence in light refers to:

A. The wavelength of the light

B. The intensity of the light
C. The phase relationship between different light waves
D. The polarization of the light

6.) The degree of coherence between two light sources can be measured by

A. The visibility of the interference fringes

B. The intensity of the light
C. The wavelength spread of the light
D. The polarization of the light

7.) Spontaneous emission occurs when:

A. An atom absorbs a photon
B. An atom emits a photon randomly
C. An atom emits a photon due to the presence of a photon with the same energy
D. None of the above

8.) The probability of stimulated emission is equal to the

A. Probability of stimulated absorption

B. Probability of spontaneous emission
C. Rate of stimulated emission
D. All of the above

9.) Semiconductor laser diode is made of two ___________ doped layers.

A. GeSi
B. GeAs
C. GaAs
D. SiAs

10.) In He-Ne laser, He is excited to ____eV and Ne is excited to ___ eV,

respectively.
A. 21.61, 20.66
B. 20.61, 20.66
C. 20.61, 21.66
D. 21.61, 21.66

11.) In Ruby laser, Ne atoms decay spontaneously to lower energy state by

emitting photons of wavelength ______________ Å .
A. 6838
B. 6489
C. 6943
D. 6923

12.) Acronym of laser is Light Amplification by _____________ Emission of

Radiation.
A. Spontaneous
B. Stimulated
C. Single
D. Simple

13.) In He-Ne gas laser, the mixture of Helium and Neon gases is in the ratio of
A. 1 : 10
B. 10 : 1
C. 9 : 10
D. 8.5 : 1.5

14.) Laser is highly

 A.) monochromatic
B.) unidirectional
C.) Highly intense
D.) All of the above

15.) Which of the following is an example of a metastable state?

A. Ground state of an atom

B. Excited state of an atom with a very short lifetime
C. Excited state of an atom with a relatively long lifetime
D. Ionized state of an atom

16.) Ruby Laser is ____ level Laser and He-Ne is a ____ Laser, respectively.

A. Three; Four
B. Four; Three
C. Two; Three
D. Four; Two

17.) Ruby Laser is a _____ Laser and He-Ne is a ____ Laser, respectively.

A. Pulsed, Continuous
B. Continuous, Pulsed
C. Pulsed, Pulsed
D. Continuous, Continuous

18.) Pumping in a laser is the process of:

A. Providing energy to atoms in the laser medium

B. Extracting energy from the laser medium
C. Colliding atoms in the laser medium
D. None of the above

19.) Common pumping methods for lasers include:

A. Optical pumping
B. Electrical discharge
C. Chemical reactions
D. All of the above

20.) An optical resonator is a component of a laser that:

A. Amplifies the light

B. Decreases intensity of light
C. Converts light into energy
D. None of the above
21.) A typical optical resonator consists of:

A. Two parallel mirrors

B. A prism and a mirror
C. A lens and a mirror
D. None of the above

22.) The active region of a diode laser is typically made of:

A. Metal
B. Gas
C. Liquid
D. Semiconductor

23.) Compared to gas lasers, semiconductor lasers are generally:

A. Larger and efficient

B. Less efficient and expensive
C. More expensive and portable
D. Portable, small in size and more efficient

24.) Lasers are used in:

A. Cutting, welding, surface texturing

B. Communication
C. Eye surgeries and dental drilling
D. All of the above

25.) The three essential components of a laser are:

A. Active medium, pumping source, and optical resonator

B. Active medium, beam splitter, and photo-diode
C. Pumping source, optical cavity and output coupler
D. Active medium, pumping source, and photo-diode

26. In a Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser, what role does helium play in the lasing process?

A. Helium directly participates in the stimulated emission of light.

B. Helium acts as a buffer gas that helps transfer energy from helium atoms to
Neon atoms.
C. Helium is used to ionize the neon atoms in the laser tube.
D. Helium absorbs excess energy to prevent overheating of the laser.

27. The essential conditions for lasing action are:

A. Population inversion, metastable state, and optical resonator

 B. Spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, and optocoupler
C. Population inversion, thermal pumping, and optical resonator
D. Spontaneous emission, absorption, and phototransistor

28. Which laser system is more efficient?

A. Two-level laser system

B. Three-level laser system
C. Four-level laser system
D. All laser systems have the same efficiency

29. Stimulated emission occurs when:

A. An atom absorbs a photon

B. An atom emits a photon randomly
C. An atom emits a photon due to the presence of a photon with the same energy
D. None of the above

30. What is the meaning of monochromatic light?

A. It has single wavelength

B. It has multiple wavelengths
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

31. Why two-level laser is not possible in visible spectrum?

A. Because probability of stimulated emission is equal to probability of stimulated

absorption.
B. Because probability of stimulated emission is greater than probability of
stimulated absorption.
C. Because probability of stimulated emission is less than probability of stimulated
absorption.
D. None of the above

32. What is the formula for energy of single photon?

A. E = mc2
B. E = h𝝂
C. E = hc
D. E = h𝝂2

33. What is the formula for the intensity (I) of light?

A. I = E/At, where E-total energy, A-area, t-time

B. I = E/V where E-total energy, V-volume
C. I = E/t where E-total energy, t-time
D. None of the above
34. It is most difficult to obtain lasing action in

A. Microwaves
B. X-rays
C. Ultra-violet
D. Infra-red

35. --------------- is used to detect optical signal

A. Photo diode
B. LED
C. Zener diode
[Link] diode
36. Which one of the following can be used as a detector in Fibre optic communicatiosn
A. LED
B. Tunnel diode
[Link] diode
D. Laser diode

Optical Fibres:

1. What is the principle of fibre optical communication?

a) Frequency modulation
b) Population inversion
c) Total internal reflection
d) Doppler Effect
2. What is the other name for a maximum external incident angle?
a) Optical angle
b) Total internal reflection angle
c) Refraction angle
d) Wave guide acceptance angle
3. . How does the refractive index vary in Graded Index fibre?
a) Tangentially
b) Radially
c) Longitudinally
d) Transversely
4. . Which of the following has more distortion?
a) Single step-index fibre
b) Graded index fibre
c) Multimode step-index fibre
d) Glass fibre
5. . In which of the following there is no distortion?
a) Graded index fibre
b) Multimode step-index fibre
c) Single step-index fibre
d) Glass fibre
6. Which of the following loss occurs inside the fibre?
a) Radiative loss
b) Scattering
 c) Absorption
d) Attenuation

7. When the dimensions of the guide are reduced, the number of ……….. also decreases.

A. propagating nodes
B. electrons
C. holes
D. volume of photons

8. In single mode fibers, which is the most beneficial index profile?

A. step index

B. graded index

C. step and graded index

D. coaxial cable

9. In optical fiber communications, the signal source is ________ waves.

• Light

• Infrared

• Radio

• Very low-frequency

10. . Which one of the following is not a guided medium of transmission?

• Fiber–Optic cable

• Coaxial cable

• Twisted-pair cable

• The atmosphere

11. Fiber optic system has three basic components, in the order. They are:

• light guide, light source, light detector

• light source, light guide, light detector

• light detector, light source, light guide

• light guide, light detector, light source

12. In optical fiber, the outer layer is _________ and inner layer is ________________ .

• core, cladding

• cladding, core

• transmit, reflect

• reflect, transmit
13. Optical fiber cables are highly immune to EMI because information is carried by:

• light

• electrical means

• magnetic means

• acoustic means

14. In an optical fiber, the fiber core ____________ the cladding.

• is denser than

• has the same density as

• is less dense than

• is another name for

15. The material used for fabrication of inner core of an optical fiber is

• glass or plastic

• bimetallic

• copper

• liquid

16. The light is propagated within the fiber core by the phenomenon

• total internal reflection at core-cladding intersection

• refraction at core-cladding intersection

• total internal reflection at the outer surface of the cladding

• change in the velocity of light within the fiber core

17. When the incidence angle is ___________ the specified critical angle, the light rays bend along
the intersection line of two different mediums of propagation.

• more than

• less than

• equal to

• not related with

18. Dispersion (i.e., distortion in the transmitted optical pulse) is maximum in _________ type of
optical fibers.

• Multimode step-index

• Multimode graded-index

• Multimode single-index

• Single-mode