Tutorial 2
1. According to the Air Transport Association of America, Delta Airlines led all U.S. carriers
in the number of passengers flown in the recent year. The top 5 airlines were Delta,
United, American, US airways, and Southwest. The number of passengers flown (in
thousands) by each of these airlines follows:
Airline Passengers
Delta 103 133
United 84 203
American 81 083
US Airways 58 659
Southwest 55 946
Construct a pie chart to depict this information.
2. Research International reports that in a recent year, Huggies was the top selling diaper
brand in South Africa with 41.3% of the market share. Other leading brands included
Pampers with 25.6%, Luvs with 12.1%, Drypers with 3.3%, Fitti with 0.9%, and private
labels with 15.8% of the market share. Use this information to construct a pie chart of
the diaper market shares.
3. An examination of rejects shows 10 problems. A frequency tally of the problems follows.
Construct a Pareto chart for these data.
Problem Frequency Problem Frequency
1 673 6 564
2 29 7 12
3 108 8 402
4 379 9 54
5 73 10 202
4. The following data represent the number of passengers per flight in a sample of 50 fights
from Durban to Port Elizabeth.
23 46 66 67 13 58 19 17 65 17 25 20 47 28 16 38 44 29 48 29
69 34 35 60 37 52 80 59 51 33 48 46 23 38 52 50 17 57 41 77
45 47 49 19 32 64 27 61 70 19
a) Construct a stem and leaf plot for the data. What does the stem and leaf plot tell
you about the number of passengers per flight?
b) What is the value of the median?
5. Using Sturge’s rule, how many classes can we use to construct a frequency distribution
for a data set that consists of 30 observations?
6. We want to construct a frequency distribution from the raw data in question 4.
a) Calculate the range of the data.
b) Using Sturge’s rule, calculate the number of classes we need.
c) Calculate the class width.
7. For the following data, construct a frequency distribution with six classes.
57 23 35 18 21 26 51 47 29 21 46 43 29 23 39
50 41 19 36 28 31 42 52 29 18 28 46 33 28 20
8. Complete the following frequency distribution table and then construct the histogram
and frequency polygon.
Class Frequency Midpoint Relative Cumulative
Boundaries frequency frequency
19.5 – 25.5 17
25.5 – 30.5 20
30.5 – 35.5 16
35.5 – 40.5 15
40.5 – 45.5 8
45.5 – 50.5 6
9. Complete the following frequency distribution table and then construct the histogram
and frequency polygon.
Class Frequency Midpoint Relative Cumulative
Boundaries frequency frequency
49.5 – 60.5 13
60.5 – 70.5 27
70.5 – 80.5 43
80.5 – 90.5 31
90.5 – 100. 9
10. Comment on the shape of the distributions in questions 8 and 9 respectively.
11. Suppose you will be given a sample of 190 data values. You are told that the minimum is 45
and the maximum is 132. Using 44.5 as the lower boundary of the first class, set up a
frequency distribution table so that when you receive the data, only the tallying must still be
done.
a) Find number of classes (𝑘).
b) Find class width (𝑐)
c) Find the lower boundary for the last class.
d) Find the upper boundaries for each class.
12. A random sample of 355 people was taken. It was found that 75 of them had Hepatitis-A,
103 had Hepatitis-B, 56 had Hepatitis-C and the rest were not infected with Hepatitis. If a pie
chart is to be used to display this data, what angles should be used for each hepatitis strain
when drawing the chart?
13. Jane takes the 8 am bus to campus and notices that it is often late. She decides to record
how late the bus is (in minutes) for 70 days. The data that she collects is summarized in the
frequency distribution below.
Minutes (𝑋) Frequency
0≤𝑥<5 17
5 ≤ 𝑥 < 10 22
10 ≤ 𝑥 < 15 15
15 ≤ 𝑥 < 20 8
20 ≤ 𝑥 < 25 5
25 ≤ 𝑥 < 30 2
30 ≤ 𝑥 < 35 1
a) Does the data show any clear pattern/shape? If so, what shape?
b) On what proportion of days was the bus late by less than 15 minutes?
c) On what proportion of days was the bus late by at least 20 minutes?
d) On what proportion of days was the bus late by at least 5 minutes but less than 25
minutes?
e) Can the range of the data be found? If not, why?
f) The bus was late by at most 𝑥 minutes on only 90% of the days. What is the value of
𝑥?
g) The bus was late by more than 𝑦 minutes on only 15% of days. What is the value of
𝑦?
14. The stem-and-leaf graph below summarizes values collected from a random sample of size
50. The key for the diagram is: 23|3 = 233.
21 2 8 9 9
22 0 1 2 4 6 6 7 9 9
23 0 0 4 5 8 8 9 9 9 9
24 0 0 3 6 9 9 9
25 0 3 4 5 5 7 7 8 9
26 0 1 1 2 3 3 5
27 0 1 3
a) Find the quartile deviation.
b) Are there any outliers? If so, what are their values?
15. The heights of a sample of seedlings in a recently sown field were measured. The ogive
below was constructed using the height data collected.
a) Approximately what percentage of seedlings have heights less than 4 cm?
b) Approximately what percentage of the seedlings have heights of more than 5 cm?
c) Approximately what percentage of the seedlings have heights from 3 cm to 5 cm?
16. Scores of two golfers for 6 rounds were as follows:
Golfer A 74 75 80 78 72 77
Golfer B 86 84 80 88 87 85
Determine the coefficient of variation for Golfer A and Golfer B and comment on who is the
more consistent player. [Practice using your calculator]
17. Suppose you have a data set that has a bell-shaped clustering pattern. According to the
Empirical rule…
Complete the above sentence by stating the Empirical rule.
18. In a wildlife study, the heights of a sample of 50 adult male giraffes were recorded. The data
was found to be bell-shaped with an average of 5.6 metres and a standard deviation of 0.4
metres.
a) Approximately what percentage of the giraffes are between 5.2 metres and 6.0
metres tall?
b) Approximately what percentage of the giraffes are shorter than 5.2 metres?
c) Approximately what percentage of the giraffes are either shorter than 4.8 metres or
taller than 6.4 metres?
19. A study of girls aged 17 years was done. As part of the study, the weight of each girl was
recorded. The box plot below summarizes the information about the weights (kilograms).
Girls weighing over 80kg are considered to be overweight. Overweight girls taking part in the
study were put on a specialized diet. If 124 girls took part in the study, (approximately) how
many were put onto the diet?
20. A survey was conducted of 140 buyers of new BMW 3-series cars, 140 buyers of new BMW
5-series cars, and 140 buyers of new BMW 7-series cars. In it, the buyers were asked the age
they were when they purchased the car. The box plots below display the results.
Which one of the statements on the following page is false?
• All the buyers of the 7-series cars were 35 years or older.
• At least half of the buyers of the 3-series car were over 35 years or older.
• It can be deduced that the average age of buyers of the 3-series cars is smaller than that
of buyers of the 7-series cars.
• 25% of the 7-series buyers were older than all the 3-series buyers.