TYPE THESIS TITLE HERE IN AN INVERTED

PYRAMID FORMAT AND SHOULD NOT

EXCEED FIFTEEN WORDS

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of the College of ______________

University of Eastern Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the degree

(TYPE THE DEGREE HERE)

By

Given Name Middle Name Surname

(alphabetically arranged)

Month Year
 This is the form for the certificate of approval of the thesis adviser or Committee of the
University and/or other appropriate authority. The Office of the Director for Research issues this
official form upon the proponent's completion of all suggestions given by the panel of examiners.

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled (BOLD AND CAPSLOCK) prepared and submitted by (Names of
e
Student R searchers) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of

Science in (Program), is hereby approved and accepted.

NAME OF ADVISER
Adviser

Approved by the Thesis Committee with a rating of _________ on (Date)

NAME
Chairperson

NAME NAME
Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Hospitality Management

NAME
Dean, College of ____________
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Make an introductory sentence about this page as part of the thesis. Acknowledge those whom
you think contributed and give inspiration to your work.
Mention the name and how this person has helped you, followed by the next person, and so
on.
Example:
Dr. Juan D. Santos, for sharing his knowledge in ……
Limit this section to two (2) pages only.

Two double spaces from the last line

Your Initials
 DEDICATION
This page is optional for the researcher. If the researcher wants to dedicate his or her work to
anyone, just write the names of those who have influenced or inspired him or her in conducting
the research.

Two double spaces from the last line

Your Initials
 CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

DEDICATION (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION

Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 METHODOLOGY

Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Population and Setting of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Data Gathering Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Data Gathering Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

 Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

X XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
.

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE

NOTE: Technical Layout of the Table of Contents

The table has no border.
This section must be double-spaced throughout.
The subtopics (e.g., Background of the Study, Theoretical/Conceptual Framework) must be
indented using a single DEFAULT TAB.
Between subtopics and the specific page number is a set of space-between periods. After the last
period, type the page number after a single DEFAULT TAB space.

LIST OF TABLES
Table No
1 XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX ……………………………… x
2 XXX XXXXX XX XXXX ….……………………………… x
3 XXX XXXXXX XXX ……………………………………..…. x
4 XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX ………………….……… x

(in separate page)

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.
1 XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX ……………………………… x
2 XXX XXXXX XX XXXX ….……………………………… x
3 XXX XXXXXX XXX ……………………………………..…. x
4 XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX ………………….……… x

NOTE: Technical Layout for the List of Tables and Figures

Subheadings (Table or Figure) must be left aligned.

The table numbers must be indented using a single DEFAULT TAB. Leave two-character spaces
before typing the table/figure heading or caption.
Table/Figure headings must consist of the exact captions of the table/figure in the text.
Between subtopics and the specific page number is a set of space-between periods. After the last
period, type the page number after a single DEFAULT TAB space.
Captions should be separated by double spacing, but each caption that is more than one line in
length should be single-spaced.
 This portion contains a summary of what is included in the thesis. It must be concise yet
accurate, as only the pertinent points in the manuscript are included. For a simple guide, ensure
that the following are present: (1) a brief introduction of the study, (2) the purpose of the study,
(3) how the researcher studied the phenomenon, and (4) the salient findings and conclusions of
the study.
Type this section in paragraph form. It requires a maximum of two pages only. Paraphrasing is
more advisable than quoting. Avoid citing references in this section. Spell out all abbreviations
and acronyms. Use digits for all numerals except when they begin a sentence.

ABSTRACT

Title: (CAPSLOCK)

Total Number of Pages: 74 Pages

Text Number of Pages: 14,856 Words

Researchers: NAME

Type of Documents: Thesis

Accrediting Institution: University of Eastern Pangasinan

Keywords: (5 KEYWORDS)

A. Background, Objectives, and Methodology

B. Summary of Findings

C. Conclusions

D. Recommendations
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
This is the overview of the research, which discusses a situational analysis that portrays
the problem in the global and local contexts. This may also include (a) the justification of what
generated interest and motivation for the researcher that led to the conceptualization of the
problem; (b) the logical continuity between relevant previous work with the present work; (c) the
theoretical or practical importance of the study; and (d) in general, this section must give the
reader a firm sense of what was done and why.

Review of related literature

It synthesizes literature relevant to the current study and identifies the research gaps. This
should not be just a compilation of abstracts or an annotated bibliography.

Theoretical Framework
This includes (a) the different theories and models that provide the conceptual
underpinnings of the study or the legitimate bases for defining its parameters; (b) general reviews
or surveys about the topics that can be referred to that are available; (c) an emphasis of pertinent
findings, relevant methodological issues, and major conclusions.
This section is very critical because the theories will help interpret the research findings.
It is advisable to use free-standing headings and paragraph headings whenever necessary to assist
in organizing the concepts being presented.

Conceptual Framework
Free Standing Heading
XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX
XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXX X.
Paragraph Heading. XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX X XXXXX
XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX.
Present the operational definition of key terms. That is, a brief description of terms used
in the text must be provided.
The conceptual framework illustrates and discusses the relationships of the concepts or
variables used in the study with each other.
Statement of the Problem
The research problem is one or more questions to be answered empirically. The main
problem is usually declarative and covers a broad area. It states the investigation's intent in a
precise grammatical sequence, shows congruence with the title and the theoretical framework,
and links with the methodology to be used.
 The specific research problems are interrogative statements. These specific problems or
sub-problems are interrelated parts of the main problem that are divided into smaller subparts.
The general problem must be typed after an Arabic numeral (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc.)
while the sub-problems must be numbered as per decimal (e.g., 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, etc.).
Hypotheses
Hypotheses are tentative, intelligent guesses that are presented as possible explanations
for an occurrence. They are posted to assist the researcher in directing the investigation of a
problem.
The hypotheses should provide the researcher's expected answers to the sub-problems.
They should be stated clearly and unambiguously in a declarative form. Use the null hypothesis
except for literary or qualitative research.
Since the hypotheses are numbered one-on-one with the problems, their numbering must
be congruent with the problems.
Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
Make an introductory sentence of this chapter.
Research Design
Indicate the research method used and spell out the reason for choosing it.
Population and Setting of the Study
Present a narrative description of the population. Start with the universe, then with the
sample. Explain the sampling technique used, if any. A tabular presentation of the respondents'
characteristics may be done after its textual explanation.
Table 1
Table Title
------------------------ -------------- -------------- ---------------------------
------------------------ -------------- -------------- ---------------------------
------------------------ -------------- -------------- ---------------------------
Data Gathering Tool
Describe briefly the instrument or materials used and their function in the study.
Data Gathering Procedures
It should discuss what the researcher did and how the research was done.
Summarize each step in the execution of the research, including the instructions given to the
participants. Describe the randomization, counterbalancing, and other control features in the
design.
Treatment of Data
For quantitative research, all statistical tools must be presented, including how they were
used and their formula. Alongside the statistical tools will be a presentation of their
corresponding null hypothesis, if these were the basis for the analysis of the findings. Similarly,
data analysis plan must also be presented for qualitative research.

Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The data results may be presented in (1) textual mode, which includes the discussion and
analysis of data; (2) tabular mode, wherein data is presented using tables; or (3) graphic mode,
which further clarifies certain facts, trends, and relationships that tables cannot show in various
shades and meanings.
The narrative description of findings is discussed before the tabular/graphic presentation
of data. Avoid reading tables; instead, analysis and interpretation of data should highlight the
main patterns or relationships found in the study and focus on their meanings and implications.
Discussion shall go beyond table reading.
Discussions also entail explaining the indicators to determine whether the findings
support the hypotheses or not. Identify and present the major findings by discussing possible
reasons for the results' occurrence. Corroborate the results with previous studies to clarify and/or
confirm the hypotheses. This section also discusses how the study results align with or deviate
from the study’s theoretical framework(s).
Discuss how the study helps address the research problem and the implications that can
be drawn from the study. Further suggest field applications of the results.
To end the chapter, address the main problem by providing a clinching paragraph.

Title of the Table (aligned left)

- Introduction about the subject
- Presentation of the table
 Table Number
Title of the Table in V Shape
N=100

Note:
A summary of findings must follow after the discussion of the last table.

Chapter 4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Make an introductory paragraph of this chapter. Note that the conclusions should be
typed in paragraph form. Conversely, the recommendations must be presented via enumeration.
Conclusions
Conclusions are brief, generalized statements that answer both general and
specific problems. Flexibility is considered in making conclusions. It is not a requirement
to state conclusions in one-to-one correspondence with the problems. The study's findings
can be summarized in one paragraph. Conclusions may be stated as generalizations from
a micro to a macro level or vice versa.
Recommendations
Recommendations are feasible and specific advice. Recommendations intended to
motivate the management of the researcher's subject/institution to improve their present
system and condition are called policy recommendations, whereas research
recommendations are those aimed at replicating or improving the research for the use and
benefit of all stakeholders.
 REFERENCES
The references should follow the American Psychological Association (APA) citation format.

Appendix A
HEADING OR CAPTION OF TITLE OR FIGURE
The appendices present additional material of interest to the reviewer or reader. The
material may not fit conveniently into the body of the paper, but it is important to read or review
the manuscript. Examples of such material include the questionnaire developed by the author for
the research project, complicated mathematical computations, and other relevant documents.
Each appendix should be on a separate page.
The heading/caption of each table or figure presented must be in uppercase.

Appendix B
HEADING OR CAPTION OF TITLE OR FIGURE
(this must be on the next page)

Appendix C
HEADING OR CAPTION OF TITLE OR FIGURE
(this must be on the next page)

Appendix ___
OTHER TECHNICAL COMPONENTS OF THE THESIS

Curriculum Vitae
This final section of the manuscript contains the profile of the researcher/s.
(use a uniform CV with a 2x2 picture in the program's type A uniform)

FORMAT

1. Typing
Use short bond paper (11” x 8.5”).
Use a one-inch margin on the page's right, top, and bottom and 1 1/2 inches on the left side.
The manuscript must be double-spaced throughout.
Leave two-character spaces after terminators (‘.’,’?’,’!’).
Use normal paragraphs with the first line indented using the DEFAULT TAB. This is applied
except for block quotes, titles, headings, references, table titles, notes, and figure captions.
The font style to be used is Times New Roman, and the font size is twelve (12 points).
Make sure that the text is justified.

2. Style Details in General

Use past tense in the abstract, methodology, results, and discussions.

Use present tense for citations or quotes from books, journals, websites, etc.
When using direct quotations, use the present tense followed by the passage enclosed in
quotation marks. The page number(s) where the direct quote appears should also be included in
the in-text citation.
For example:
Abalos and Bautista (2023, p.236) state, "gender does not affect academic performance."
When paraphrasing a quote, use the conjunction "THAT."
For example:
Dela Cruz (2023) asserts that jealousy is prevalent in work areas where….

3. Acronyms
When using an acronym, spell them out the first time it is introduced and enclose the acronym in
parentheses. For example:
The Philippine National Police (PNP)
When the acronym has been spelled out earlier, use the acronym of the word/s in the subsequent
paragraphs.

4. Numbers
Spell out the numbers if it begins a sentence.
All measurement reporting is done in metric units.
The numbers zero to nine are spelled out except when they are in a table, figure number, or
metric measurement.
In the Abstract, use digits for all numerals except when they begin a sentence.
Be consistent with number formats. For statistical presentation, use two (2) decimal places.

5. Page Numbers
There are variations regarding the placement of page numbers. UEP advocates placing them in
the bottom center of the page.
The title page and approval sheet carry a page number, but it is not indicated on the page itself.
The displayed pagination for the preliminary pages of the paper will start in the abstract to the
list of tables and figures. The pagination for these pages should be in small Roman numerals at
the page's bottom center. The bibliography, appendices, and curriculum vitae portion have no
page numbers.
The first page of each chapter carries a page number, but it is not indicated on the page itself.

6. Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures should be presented after or within the discussion of the findings. However,
ensure that they are fully presented on a single page and do not hang.
a. Tables
Introduce the table first prior to its presentation
Tables should not be interspersed between paragraphs
The APA-style tables do not contain any vertical lines
The table caption must be placed above the table
Type the table number followed by a period. Leave two-character spaces, and type the
table heading/caption left-aligned
When using columns with numbers, align them according to place value
When using columns with decimal numbers, align the decimal points
See example below:
Table 1
Crime Commission of Juvenile Delinquents in Basilan.

YEAR DRUGS THEFT ROBBERY HOMICIDE OTHERS TOTAL

2002 29 14 3 1 9 56

2003 57 18 6 5 12 98

2004 82 23 5 3 12 125

TOTAL 168 55 14 9 33 279

b. Figures
Figures should not be interspersed between paragraphs
Center each figure on the page vertically as well as horizontally, and arrange for the figure to use
the bulk of the page
If the figure is a chart or graph, verbally label the axes
Figures captions must be situated at the bottom-center of the figure
Type the figure number followed by a period. Leave two-character spaces and a figure
heading/caption.

7. References
The reference entries must follow the APA 7th edition format.
Sources are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
Leave one character space after each period.
Citing websites or blogs in the manuscript is strongly discouraged because these sources are
usually not vetted by experts.